A319/A320/A321
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL
SA Family to A319/A320/A321 CFM LEAP - T1+T2
28-FUEL
This document must be used for training purposes only.
Under no circumstances should this document be used as a reference.
It will not be updated.
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CEO to NEO T1+T2
SA Family to A319/A320/A321 CFM LEAP - T1+T2
CFM LEAP
A319/A320/A321 28-FUEL
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL TP REV 1
28 Fuel System Presentation.............................................................2
Fuel IDG Cooling System Presentation (CFM LEAP)......................26
TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1
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TP REV 1
A319/A320/A321 28-FUEL
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL
28 FUEL SYSTEM PRESENTATION
SYSTEM INTRODUCTION
A319/A320
The new A319/A320 Fuel System is a combination of the common
Wing Structure of the SA Aircrafts manufactured (A318/A319/320)
and the Fuel System Components installed in A321 since entry into
service and will be the manufacturing standard with the beginning of
delivery of all NEO Single Aisle Aircrafts, except the A318.
The benefit to combine both layouts, on the new A319/A320 Fuel
System, is to achieve the following:
- Weight reduction,
- Better protection against UERF,
- Cost improvements,
- Communality in between all SA Aircraft variants.
Two fuel pumps are installed in each wing tank. One fuel pump is
installed for the APU. Fuel is supplied to the engines from the wing
tanks only. As the fuel level in the wing decreases, the center tank
fuel is transferred to the wing tanks until the center tank is empty.
Fuel transfer from the center tank to the wing tanks is controlled by
transfer valves. When the transfer valves are opened, they supply
pressure to two jet pumps in the center tank and transfer the fuel from
the center tank to the wings.
Two engine LP valves are installed to supply or cut off fuel to the
engines. The LP valve is closed when the related engine is shut down
or when the engine fire pushbutton is released.
A crossfeed valve is installed to connect or isolate the left and right
hand sides. It enables engine to be fed from any available fuel pump.
On the ground, the crossfeed valve enables fuel to be transferred from
tank to tank. The valve is closed for normal operation.
The fuel system also feeds the APU directly from the left hand side.
The APU LP valve is installed to supply or cut off fuel to the APU.
It closes when the APU is shut down or when the APU FIRE
pushbutton is released out.
UM28PZ000000002_007 - 28 Fuel System Presentation Page 2
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TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL
SYSTEM INTRODUCTION - A319/A320
UM28PZ000000002_007 - 28 Fuel System Presentation Page 3
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28 FUEL SYSTEM PRESENTATION
SYSTEM INTRODUCTION (continued)
A321
The A321 fuel tanks are integrated into the center fuselage area and
the wings. Like the A318/A319/A320, the center tank is part of the
center wing box but unlike the A318/A319/A320, the wing tanks are
not divided. The tanks are simply called left and right wing tanks.
UM28PZ000000002_007 - 28 Fuel System Presentation Page 4
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SYSTEM INTRODUCTION - A321
UM28PZ000000002_007 - 28 Fuel System Presentation Page 5
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28 FUEL SYSTEM PRESENTATION
SYSTEM INTRODUCTION (continued)
A318
The fuel tanks are integrated into the center fuselage area and the
wings. The A318 center tank is part of the center wing box. The wing
tanks are divided into inner and outer cells. To reduce the structural
load on the wings, the fuel in the outer cells is not used until the fuel
load in the inner cells decreases to a low level.
Two fuel pumps are installed in the center tank, two fuel pumps are
installed in each wing tank inner cell and one fuel pump is installed
for the APU. Fuel is supplied to the engines from the center tank first.
After the center tank is empty, fuel is supplied from the wing inner
cells.
There is no direct supply from the outer cells to the engines. Two
intercell transfer valves in each wing let the fuel transfer from the
outer cells to the inner cells when the low level is reached.
Two engine Low Pressure (LP) valves are installed to supply or cut
off fuel to the engines. The LP valve is closed when the related engine
is shut down or when the engine fire pushbutton is released.
A crossfeed valve is installed to connect or isolate the left and right
hand sides. It enables engine to be fed from any available fuel pump.
On the ground, the crossfeed valve enables fuel to be transferred from
tank to tank. The valve is closed for normal operation.
The fuel system also feeds the APU directly from the left hand side.
The APU LP valve is installed to supply or cut off fuel to the APU.
It closes when the APU is shut down or when the APU FIRE
pushbutton is released out.
UM28PZ000000002_007 - 28 Fuel System Presentation Page 6
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SYSTEM INTRODUCTION - A318
UM28PZ000000002_007 - 28 Fuel System Presentation Page 7
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28 FUEL SYSTEM PRESENTATION
CONTROL AND INDICATING
This section will highlight the control panels and indications for the fuel
system.
CONTROL PANELS
The FUEL control panel is operated from the overhead panel.
The A319/A320/A321 FUEL control panel is very similar to the A318,
except:
- The fuel transfer link between the center and wing tanks is indicated,
- CTR TK XFR is indicated instead of CTR TK PUMPS.
The wing tank pumps are controlled manually but the center tank
pumps are normally controlled automatically. On the A318 fuel control
panel, the MODE SEL P/BSW enables the pilot to select automatic
or manual mode for the center tank pumps.
The MODE SEL P/BSW on the A319/A320/A321FUEL control panel
enables the pilot to select manual or automatic mode for the CTR TK
XFR valves.
UM28PZ000000002_007 - 28 Fuel System Presentation Page 8
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CONTROL AND INDICATING - CONTROL PANELS
UM28PZ000000002_007 - 28 Fuel System Presentation Page 9
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28 FUEL SYSTEM PRESENTATION
CONTROL AND INDICATING (continued)
ECAM FUEL PAGE
The configuration of the fuel system valves and pumps as well as
quantity indications are displayed on the ECAM FUEL system page.
The total Fuel On Board (FOB) indication is duplicated on the
Engine/Warning Display.
Let's briefly review all the A321 differences using the ECAM FUEL
page:
- There is no inner and outer cells in the wing tanks,
- Fuel is transferred from the center tank to the wing tanks via two jet
pumps and transfer valves,
- Fuel is always fed to the engines from the wing and not from the
center tank.
For the actual A319/A320 configuration there is a combination of the
A318 and the A321 Fuel System:
- Still a separation into inner and outer cell for the wing tank
- Fuel is transferred from the center tank to the wing tanks via two jet
pumps and transfer valves,
- Fuel is always fed to the engines from the wing and not from the
center tank.
UM28PZ000000002_007 - 28 Fuel System Presentation Page 10
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CONTROL AND INDICATING - ECAM FUEL PAGE
UM28PZ000000002_007 - 28 Fuel System Presentation Page 11
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28 FUEL SYSTEM PRESENTATION
REFUEL/DEFUEL PANEL
The Refuel/Defuel panel functions are:
- Automatic or manual refueling,
- High level test,
- Defueling,
- Fuel transfer,
- Refueling on batteries.
UM28PZ000000002_007 - 28 Fuel System Presentation Page 12
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REFUEL/DEFUEL PANEL
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28 FUEL SYSTEM PRESENTATION
REFUEL/DEFUEL COUPLING AND REFUEL VALVE
The Refuel/Defuel coupling is below the RH wing leading edge.
The Refuel/Defuel coupling shown is the optional one on the LH side.
There is one refuel valve per tank. Each of the three refuel valves has a
manual plunger. When pressed, the plunger holds the valve open in case
of a valve electrical failure during refueling.
UM28PZ000000002_007 - 28 Fuel System Presentation Page 14
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REFUEL/DEFUEL COUPLING AND REFUEL VALVE
UM28PZ000000002_007 - 28 Fuel System Presentation Page 15
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28 FUEL SYSTEM PRESENTATION
MAINTENANCE/TEST FACILITIES
The 2-channel Fuel Quantity Indication Computer (FQIC) calculates the
fuel mass, controls automatic refueling and monitors the system with
different interfaces.
The Fuel Level Sensing Control Units (FLSCUs) send fuel level signals
to the FQIC and to different aircraft circuits and systems.
They are installed in the avionics compartment.
The BITE test of the FQIC does a check of the Fuel Quantity Indicating
System and the Fuel Level Sensing System (FLSS). The FLSCUs do not
interface directly with the Centralized Fault Display System (CFDS).
UM28PZ000000002_007 - 28 Fuel System Presentation Page 16
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MAINTENANCE/TEST FACILITIES
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28 FUEL SYSTEM PRESENTATION
OPTIONS
There are some options for the fuel system which can be selected by
operators.
The Refuel/Defuel panel can also be installed at the wing leading edge.
A cockpit Refuel panel can be installed. It will always take priority over
the external Refuel/Defuel panel.
Auxiliary fuel tanks can be installed in the aircraft. These Additional
Center Tanks (ACTs) are installed in the cargo compartments and extend
the range of the aircraft.
UM28PZ000000002_007 - 28 Fuel System Presentation Page 18
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OPTIONS
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28 FUEL SYSTEM PRESENTATION
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
When you do work on the aircraft, make sure that you obey all the Aircraft
Maintenance Manual (AMM) safety procedures. This will prevent injury
to persons and/or damage to the aircraft. Here is an overview of the main
safety precautions related to the fuel system.
Aircraft fuel is poisonous. Do not get aircraft fuel in your eyes, mouth,
nose, ears or on your skin.
Use solvents, cleaning agents, sealants or other special materials only
with good airflow in the work area. Use protective clothing to prevent
personal contamination and formation of static electricity.
Make sure that correct firefighting equipment is available.
Make sure that the safety area is clear and clean. Obey the safety
precautions in the safety area.
Put ''NO SMOKING'' warning notices around the work area.
Ground (earth) and bond the aircraft.
In the work area:
- Do not use flames without protection and do not use any material or
tools which can cause sparks,
- Use only approved electrical / electronic equipment,
- Make sure that the work area has sufficient airflow to do the work safely.
If not, use a respirator,
- Do not pull or move metal objects on the ground,
- Immediately flush away or remove fuel leakage.
During refueling, do not transmit with the HF system. This can cause fire
or injury to personnel.
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SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
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28 FUEL SYSTEM PRESENTATION
FUEL TANK SAFETY
After three fuel tank explosions in recent decades, which caused in 346
fatalities, the U.S Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation
Administration (FAA), introduced new regulations to improve fuel tank
safety.
These regulations are related to the prevention of ignition sources in fuel
tanks of current type certificated aircraft. To obey these regulations, a
one-time fuel system safety and design review must be done.
CRITICAL DESIGN CONFIGURATION CONTROL
LIMITATIONS (CDCCL)
The FAA issued Special Federal Aviation Regulation (SFAR) 88,
which gives a detailed description of the CDCCL concept.
The EASA requested the SFAR 88 (TGL 47) to be added to PART
145, PART M and PART 147 to reinforce the application of these
regulations.
This includes:
- A conception part intended to aircraft design features,
- A maintenance part.
A CDCCL is a limitation requirement to preserve a critical ignition
source prevention feature of the fuel system design that is necessary
to prevent the occurrence of an unsafe condition.
The function of the CDCCL is to give instructions to prevent critical
ignition source feature from alterations, repairs or maintenance actions
during configuration change.
The aircraft manufacturers must supply a document to their customers
to give the list of all the maintenance tasks impacted by the CDCCL.
For AIRBUS this document is called the Fuel Airworthiness
Limitations and it is added to the Airworthiness Limitation Section
part 5.
The CDCCL items are listed in the Airworthiness Limitations Form.
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FUEL TANK SAFETY - CRITICAL DESIGN CONFIGURATION CONTROL LIMITATIONS (CDCCL)
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28 FUEL SYSTEM PRESENTATION
FUEL TANK SAFETY (continued)
FUEL SYSTEM DESIGN CONFIGURATION
The Airbus aircraft fuel systems have, by design, a number of features
that are intended to protect the system from inadvertent ignition.
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FUEL TANK SAFETY - FUEL SYSTEM DESIGN CONFIGURATION
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FUEL IDG COOLING SYSTEM PRESENTATION (LEAP)
B2 SCOPE
CAUTION: MODULE TAGGED B2 SCOPE.
BE AWARE THAT ONLY AVIONICS/ELECTRICAL TOPICS
SHOULD BE LEARNED FOR A T2 COURSE.
PRINCIPLE
The temperature of the Integrated Drive Generator (IDG) oil is decreased
by fuel through a recirculation system. Some of the fuel that supplies the
engines is used to decrease the temperature of the IDG oil. A Fuel Return
Valve (FRV) lets the hot fuel return to the outer cell. The FRV opens the
fuel flow back to the aircraft tank in special engine configurations (N2,
fuel flow...). The FRV mixes the "hot fuel" flowing from the IDG fuel/oil
heat exchanger and "cold fuel" from the Low Pressure (LP) fuel pump
to keep the temperature of the returned fuel less than 100°C (212°F). The
Fuel Level Sensing Control Unit (FLSCU) 1 and the Electronic Engine
Controls (EEC A and B) control the recirculation system in the left wing.
FLSCU 2 and EECs (A and B) control the right wing system.
UM28P1000000006_001 - Fuel IDG Cooling System Presentation (CFM LEAP) Page 26
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B2 SCOPE & PRINCIPLE
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FUEL IDG COOLING SYSTEM PRESENTATION (LEAP)
FUEL RETURN
The recirculated fuel is sent to the outer cell through a check valve and
a pressure-holding valve to not let the fuel get to boiling temperature.
The pressure-holding valve keeps a pressure of 15.5 psi in the return line.
If the pressure increases, fuel bleeds through the valve into the outer cell.
The check valve prevents fuel flow from the wing tank to the engine
when the recirculation system is not in operation.
NOTE: Note: When the outer cell is full, the fuel overflows into the
inner cell through a spill pipe.
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FUEL RETURN
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FUEL IDG COOLING SYSTEM PRESENTATION (LEAP)
PUMP LOGIC
While fuel is supplied from the center tank, the wing tanks will stay full
and will possibly overfill because the returned fuel is supplied to the wing
tanks. If this occurs, the center tank transfer valves close when the inner
cell gets to the FULL level sensor. The wing tank pumps will supply the
fuel to the engine until approximately 500 kg (1100 lbs) of fuel are used
and the UNDERFULL sensor is reached. The logic circuit then open the
center tank transfer valves again.
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PUMP LOGIC
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FUEL IDG COOLING SYSTEM PRESENTATION (LEAP)
FUEL RETURN TO TANK VALVE CLOSURE
OVERFLOW
The FRV closes if the center tank transfer valves do not obey the logic
signals of the full level sensors. This causes the wing tank to overflow
through the tank ventilation system into the vent surge tank.
The overflow sensor sends an electrical signal to the FLSCU. The
FLSCU sends a closure signal to the EECs through the Engine
Interface Unit (EIU). The EECs close the FRV and stop the fuel supply
back to the outer cell.
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FUEL RETURN TO TANK VALVE CLOSURE - OVERFLOW
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FUEL IDG COOLING SYSTEM PRESENTATION (LEAP)
FUEL RETURN TO TANK VALVE CLOSURE (continued)
OUTER CELL HIGH TEMPERATURE
The FRV closes if the fuel temperature is too high in the outer cell,
i.e. 52.5°C (126.5°F). Because the returned fuel from the engine is
hot, the FLSCU prevents an overtemperature in the wing tanks. The
FLSCU sends a closure signal to the EECs through the EIU. The EECs
close the FRV and stop the fuel supply back to the outer cell.
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FUEL RETURN TO TANK VALVE CLOSURE - OUTER CELL HIGH TEMPERATURE
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FUEL IDG COOLING SYSTEM PRESENTATION (LEAP)
FUEL RETURN TO TANK VALVE CLOSURE (continued)
INNER CELL HIGH TEMPERATURE
The FRV closes if the fuel temperature in the inner cell is too high,
i.e. 55°C (131°F). Thus a large volume of high-temperature fuel will
not go into the inner cell if the intercell valve opens. This also keeps
the fuel temperature at an acceptable level if a tank rupture occurs.
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FUEL RETURN TO TANK VALVE CLOSURE - INNER CELL HIGH TEMPERATURE
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FUEL IDG COOLING SYSTEM PRESENTATION (LEAP)
FUEL RETURN TO TANK VALVE CLOSURE (continued)
PUMP PRESSURE LOSS
The FRV closes if a fuel pump Low Pressure (LP) is sensed by all
pump pressure switches of one wing for the related engine when the
crossfeed valve is closed, or if a fuel pump LP is sensed by all pump
pressure switches of the two wings when the crossfeed valve is open.
This is to stop the return fuel flow during engine gravity feeding. LP
is sensed by the pump LP switch and a signal is sent to the FLSCU.
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FUEL RETURN TO TANK VALVE CLOSURE - PUMP PRESSURE LOSS
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FUEL IDG COOLING SYSTEM PRESENTATION (LEAP)
FUEL RETURN TO TANK VALVE CLOSURE (continued)
LOW LEVEL
The FRV closes when the fuel level in the inner cell decreases to the
INNER LOW LEVEL sensor at 280 kg (620 lbs).
NOTE: Note: When the FRV closes, this decreases the quantity of
fuel that cannot be used.
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TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL
FUEL RETURN TO TANK VALVE CLOSURE - LOW LEVEL
UM28P1000000006_001 - Fuel IDG Cooling System Presentation (CFM LEAP) Page 41
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