MUKUND SIR’S MATHS FOR SSC

STD-12

Ex 5.2

Some standard differentiation

d n
(1) Differentiation of algebraic functions : x  nx n 1
dx
In particular
d d 1
(i) [ f (x )]n  n [ f (x )] n 1 f (x ) (ii) ( x)
dx dx 2 x
d  1  n
(iii)     n 1
dx  x n  x

(2) Differentiation of trigonometric functions :

d d
(i) sin x  cos x (ii) cos x   sin x
dx dx
d d
(iii) tan x  sec 2 x (iv) sec x  sec x tan x
dx dx
d d
(v) cosec x  cosec x cot x (vi) cot x  cosec 2 x
dx dx

Theorems for differentiation

Let f (x ), g(x ) and u(x ) be differentiable functions

(1) If at all points of a certain interval, f (x )  0, then the function f (x ) has a constant value within this
interval.

(2) Chain rule

dy dy du
(i) Case I : If y is a function of u and u is a function of x, then derivative of y with respect to x is  or
dx du dx
dy du
y  f (u)   f ' (u) .
dx dx

(ii) Case II : If y and x both are expressed in terms of t, y and x both are differentiable with respect to t, then
dy dy / dt
 .
dx dx / dt

d d d
(3) Sum and difference rule: Using linear property ( f (x )  g(x ))  ( f (x ))  (g(x ))
dx dx dx

(4) Product rule

d d d d dw du dv
(i) ( f (x ).g(x ))  f (x ) g(x )  g(x ) f (x ) (ii) (u.v.w.)  u.v.  v.w.  u.w.
dx dx dx dx dx dx dx

d d
(5) Scalar multiple rule : (k f (x ))  k f (x )
dx dx

d d
d  f (x )  g(x ) dx ( f (x ))  f (x ) dx (g(x ))
(6) Quotient rule :    Provided g(x )  0 .
dx  g(x )  (g(x ))2
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(1) Differentiate the functions w.r.t. x in sin (x2 + 5).
Ans :  Let y = sin (x2 + 5)
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we have

d d
(y)  sin(x 2  5)
dx dx
dy d
 cos(x 2  5)  (x 2  5)
dx dx
2
= cos (x + 5)  2x
= 2x cos (x2 + 5)
(2) Differentiate the functions w.r.t. x in cos (sin x)
Ans :  Let y = cos (sin x)
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we have

d d
(y)  cos(sin x)
dx dx
dy d
 s i n ( s i n x ) (sin x )
dx dx
= - sin (sin x)  cos x = - cos x  sin (sin x)
(3) Differentiate the functions w.r.t. x in sin (ax + b)
Ans :  Let y = sin (ax + b)
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we have

d d
(y)  (ax  b)
dx dx
dy d
 c o s ( a x b ) ( ax b )
dx dx
= cos (ax + b)  a = a  cos (ax + b)

(4) Differentiate the functions w.r.t. x in sec(tan( x ))

Ans :  Let y = sec(tan( x ))
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we have

d d
(y)  sec(tan( x ))
dx dx
dy d
 s e c ( t a n ( x ) ) t a n ( t a n ( x ) ) tan( x )
dx dx
d
 sec(tan( x ))  tan(tan( x ))  sec 2 x  ( x)
dx
1
 sec(tan( x ))  tan(tan( x ))  sec2 x
2 x
sec(tan( x ))  tan(tan( x ))  sec 2 x

2 x

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 sin(ax  b)
(5) Differentiate the functions w.r.t. x in
cos(cx  d)
sin(ax  b)
Ans :  Let y 
cos(cx  d)
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we have

d d  s i n ( ax b )
( y ) 
dx d x c o s ( c x  d )
d d
cos(cx  d)  sin(ax  b)  sin(ax  b) cos(cx  d)
dy dx dx

cos(cx  d)
2
dx
cos(cx  d)  cos(ax  b)  a  sin(ax  b)[ sin(cx  d)  c]

cos(cx  d)
2

a cos(cx  d)  cos(ax  b)  csin(ax  b)  sin(cx  d)


cos(cx  d)
2

a cos(cx  d) cos(ax  b) csin(ax  b)sin(cx  d)

 
cos(cx  d) cos(cx  d)
2 2

= a cos (ax + b) sec (cx + d) + c sin (ax + b) tan (cx + d) sec (cx + d)
(6) Differentiate the functions w.r.t. x in cos x3  sin2 (x5)
Ans :  Let y = cos x3  sin2 (x5)

Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we have

d d
(y)  [cos x 3  sin 2 (x 5 )]
dx dx
dy d d
 c o s x3  [ s i2n (5 x ) ] 2s i n5 ( x ) ( 3c o s x )
dx dx dx
d
= cos x3  2sin2 (x5)  sin2 (x5) + sin2 (x5) 
dx
= cos x3  2sin2 (x5)  cos (x5)  5x2 - sin2 (x5)  sin x3  3x2
= 10x4  sin2 (x5)  cos (x5) cos x3 - 3x2  sin x3  sin2 (x5)

(7) Differentiate the functions w.r.t. x in 2 cot(x 2 )

Ans :  Let y  2 cot(x 2 )
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we have

d d
(y)  [2 cot(x 2 )]
dx dx
dy 1 d
2  c o t (2x )
dx 2 co t ( x )d x
2

1 d
  [ cos ec2 (x 2 )]  (x 2 )
2
cot(x ) dx
1 2x cos ec2 (x 2 )
  [ cos ec2 (x 2 )]  2x 
cot(x 2 ) cot(x 2 )
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(8) Differentiate the functions w.r.t. x in cos (x)
Ans :  Let y  cos (x)
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we have

d d
(y)  [cos (x)]
dx dx
d
  sin x  ( x )
dx
1  sin x
  sin x  
2 x 2 x
(9) Prove that the function f given by f(x) = |x - 1|, x  R is not differentiable at x = 1.
Ans :  Here f(x) = |x - 1|

 x  1if x  1

1  x if x  1
L.H.D. at x = 1

f (1  h)  f (1) 1  (1  h)  (1  1) h
lim  lim  lim  1
h 0 (1  h  1) h 0 h h 0 h

R.H.D. at x = 1

f (1  h)  f (1) (1  h)  1  (1  1) h
lim  lim  lim  1
h 0 (1  h  1) h 0 h h 0 h

 L.H.D.  R.H.D.
Thus f(x) is not differentiable at x = 1.
(10) Prove that the greatest integer function defined by
f(x) = [x], 0 < x < 3 is not differentiable at x = 1 and x = 2.
Ans :  Here f(x) = [x]
R.H.D. at x = 1

f (1  h)  f (1) 1 1
lim  lim 0
h 0 (1  h 1) h 0 h

L.H.D. at x = 1

f (1  h)  f (1) 0 1 1
lim  lim   lim  not defined.
h 0 (1  h  1) h 0  h h 0 h

 L.H.D.  R.H.D.
Thus f(x) is not differentiable at x = 1
R.H.D. at x = 2
f (2  h)  f (2) 22
lim  lim 0
h 0 (2  h  2) h 0 h
L.H.D. at x = 2

f (2  h)  f (2) 1 2 1 1
lim  lim  lim  lim  not defined.
h 0 (2  h  2) h 0 h h 0 h h 0 h

 L.H.D.  R.H.D.
Thus f(x) is not differentiable at x = 2
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