PMS
A Planned Maintenance System (PMS) is a proactive and
systematic approach to ship maintenance.
It involves scheduling, performing, and documenting regular
maintenance tasks to prevent failures, ensure safety and reliability,
comply with regulations, and optimize costs.
AMOS
Planned Maintenance System (PMS).
Benefits include increased reliability, reduced downtime and costs,
improved safety, and better operational performance. It's a widely
used solution for efficient ship maintenance management.
Marpol discharges
Here is a concise list of discharges as per MARPOL rules, broken
down by Annex:
Annex I: Oil
* General Prohibition: Discharge of oil or oily mixtures is prohibited
except under strict conditions.
* Outside Special Areas (≥ 400 GT): En route, processed
through approved equipment (≤ 15 ppm oil content),
specific discharge rates, not from cargo pump room bilges
(tankers), not mixed with cargo residues (tankers).
* Special Areas & Antarctic: Stricter rules, often prohibiting most oil
discharges.
* < 400 GT: En route, approved equipment (≤ 15 ppm).
* Accidental: Permitted if all reasonable precautions taken.
Annex II: Noxious Liquid Substances (NLS) in Bulk
* General Prohibition: Discharge of NLS residues or mixtures
prohibited unless specific conditions met.
* Discharge Criteria (outside special areas): En route
(7 knots self-propelled, 4 knots otherwise), below
waterline, ≥ 12 nautical miles from nearest land,
water depth ≥ 25 meters.
* Prewash: Required for certain categories (X, some Y) at
unloading port; residues to reception facilities.
* Special Areas: Stricter rules may apply.
* Non-Categorized: Discharge prohibited.
Annex III: Harmful Substances in Packaged Form
* General Prohibition: Jettisoning prohibited except for safety of
ship or saving life at sea.
* Focuses on proper packaging, marking, stowage to prevent
release, not specific discharge limits under normal operations.
Annex IV: Sewage
* General Prohibition: Discharge of untreated sewage prohibited.
* Permitted Discharges (outside special areas):
* Untreated: > 12 nautical miles from nearest
land, en route at ≥ 4 knots, moderate rate.
* Comminuted & Disinfected: > 3 nautical miles from nearest
land, approved system.
* Treated (approved plant): Closer distances if effluent
standards met.
* Special Areas (e.g., Baltic): Stricter rules, may prohibit untreated
sewage from passenger ships.
Annex V: Garbage
* General Prohibition: Discharge of all garbage into the sea is
prohibited, with specific exceptions.
* Permitted Discharges (outside special areas, en route, as far
as practicable from nearest land, but not less than):
* Food waste: Not comminuted/ground: 12 nm;
Comminuted/ground (≤ 25mm): 3 nm.
* Cargo residues (non-harmful): 12 nm.
* Cleaning agents/additives in hold wash water (non-harmful): As
far as practicable.
* Animal carcasses: As far as practicable.
* Fixed fishing gear: Specific conditions apply.
* Prohibited Discharges: All plastics, synthetic ropes, fishing nets,
garbage containing heavy metals, oily rags, etc.
* Special Areas: Stricter rules, may completely prohibit all garbage
discharges.
Annex VI: Air Pollution
* Focuses on limiting air emissions (SOx, NOx, ozone-depleting
substances, VOCs) and regulating incineration; does not directly
address discharges into the sea.
Here are the concise MARPOL rules for incineration:
* Prohibited: Cargo residues (oil, NLS, packaged harmful
substances), PCBs, garbage with heavy metal traces, halogenated
refined petroleum, PVC (unless IMO approved), plastics, non-ship
generated sewage sludge/oil, exhaust gas cleaning residues.
* Approved Incinerator: Required for ships built/installed after
2000.
* Trained Personnel: Operators must be trained.
* Temperature: Minimum 850°C combustion chamber outlet
(continuous feed); 600°C within 5 mins then 850°C (batch).
* Flue Gas Limits: Must meet IMO standards for O2, CO, soot.
* Location: Incineration of sewage sludge/oil in boilers
prohibited in ports, harbors, estuaries.
* Follow Manual: Adhere to manufacturer's operating manual.
* Local Rules Apply: Port and regional regulations may be stricter.
Important Notes:
* Special Areas: Many Annexes have designated "Special Areas"
with stricter discharge regulations.
* Nearest Land: Discharge distances are generally measured from
the territorial sea baseline.
* En Route: Many discharge allowances require the ship to be
underway.
* Reception Facilities: MARPOL emphasizes the use of port
reception facilities for waste disposal.
* National Regulations: National laws may have additional or
stricter requirements.
This is a concise summary. Always refer to the full MARPOL
Convention and its Annexes for detailed and up-to-date regulations.
COLREG
PART A – General (Rules 1–3)
1. Rule 1 – Application
2. Rule 2 – Responsibility
3. Rule 3 – General Definitions
PART B – Steering and Sailing Rules (Rules 4–19)
Section I – Conduct of vessels in any condition of visibility
4. Rule 4 – Application
5. Rule 5 – Look-out
6. Rule 6 – Safe speed
7. Rule 7 – Risk of collision
8. Rule 8 – Action to avoid collision
9. Rule 9 – Narrow channels
10. Rule 10 – Traffic separation schemes
Section II – Conduct of vessels in sight of one another
11. Rule 11 – Application
12. Rule 12 – Sailing vessels
13. Rule 13 – Overtaking
14. Rule 14 – Head-on situation
15. Rule 15 – Crossing situation
16. Rule 16 – Action by give-way vessel
17. Rule 17 – Action by stand-on vessel
18. Rule 18 – Responsibilities between vessels
Section III – Conduct of vessels in restricted visibility
19. Rule 19 – Conduct of vessels in restricted visibility
PART C – Lights and Shapes (Rules 20–31)
20. Rule 20 – Application
21. Rule 21 – Definitions
22. Rule 22 – Visibility of lights
23–31. Rules 23 to 31 – Specific lights and shapes for
vessel types and conditions
PART D – Sound and Light Signals (Rules 32–37)
32. Rule 32 – Definitions
33. Rule 33 – Equipment for sound signals
34. Rule 34 – Maneuvering and warning signals
35. Rule 35 – Sound signals in restricted visibility
36. Rule 36 – Signals to attract attention
37. Rule 37 – Distress signals
PART E – Exemptions (Rule 38)
38. Rule 38 – Exemptions
Annexes:
● Annex I – Positioning and Technical Details of Lights and
Shapes
● Annex II – Additional Signals for Fishing Vessels (in close
proximity)
● Annex III – Technical Details of Sound Signal Appliances
● Annex IV – Distress Signals
● Annex V – (Not part of the original COLREGs – often
refers to special or local rules in practice)
Rule 35 – Sound Signals in Restricted Visibility (COLREG)
Here’s a concise breakdown of the required sound signals
when vessels are not in sight of one another due to fog, mist,
heavy rain, etc.:
