A

PROJECT
REPORT ON
" Wireless Transmission of Signal (Audio) Using Li-Fi "

SUBMITTED IN PARITIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE

203152: Project Based Learning

S. E. Electrical Engineering
SAVITIRBAI PHULE UNIVERSITY PUNE

BY
Name of Students Exam Seat No.

Garud Siddharth Hanmant S190312561

Jagdale Disha Prakash S190312582

Kandekar Pradnya Navnath S190312599

Vhanmarathe Yatiraj Ramesh S190312730

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Prof. J.V. Raidu
Prof. S.S. Patil

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

PES’s MODERN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,

PUNE -05

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 PES’s MODERN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Shivajinagar, Pune-5
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project entitled Title of the project: “Wireless Transmission of
Signal (Audio) Using Li-Fi”
Has been carried out successfully by

Name of Students Exam Seat No.

Garud Siddharth Hanmant S190312561
Jagdale Disha Prakash S190312582
Kandekar Pradnya Navnath S190312599
Vhanmarathe Yatiraj Ramesh S190312730

It is Bonafide work carried out by them under supervision of Prof.- J.V.Raidu and
Prof-S.S.Patil and is approved for the partial fulfillment of 203152: Project Based
Learning S. E. Electrical Engineering of Savitribai Phule Pune University,

Date: 26th April 2024

Approved

Prof. Dr. (Mrs.) N.R.Kulkarni Prof. J.V. Raidu

Prof. S.S. Patil
Head of Electrical Department (Name of Project Guide)

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 ABSTRACT
Whether you’re using wireless internet in a coffee shop, stealing it from the next door, or
competing for bandwidth at a conference, you’ve probably gotten frustrated with the slow
speeds you face when more than one device is tapped into the network. As more and more
people and their many devices access wireless internet, clogged airwaves are going to make it
increasingly difficult to latch onto a reliable signal. But radio waves are just one part of the
spectrum that can carry our data. What if we could use other waves to surf the internet? One
German physicist Dr. Harald Haas, has come up with a solution he calls “Data Through
Illumination”- taking the fiber out of fiber optics by sending data through an LED light bulb
that varies in intensity faster than the human eye can follow. It’s the same idea behind
infrared remote controls, but far more powerful Li-Fi provides better hand width, efficiency,
connectivity and security than Wi-Fi and has already achieved high speeds larger than 1 Gaps
under the laboratory conditions. By leveraging the low- cost nature of LEDs and lighting
units, there are lots of opportunities to exploit this medium

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to express our sincere gratitude and indebtedness to my project supervisor for
his valuable suggestions and interest throughout the course of this project.
We are also thankful to Prof.N.R.Kulkarni Head of the Department for providing excellent
infrastructure and a nice atmosphere for completing this project successfully.
We convey our heartfelt thanks to the lab staff for allowing me to use the required equipment
whenever needed. Finally.
We would like to take this opportunity to thank my family for their support through the work.
We sincerely acknowledge and thank all those who gave directly or indirectly their support in
completion of this work.

Thanking you,
Garud Siddharth Hanmant
Jagdale Disha Prakash
Kandekar Pradnya Navnath
Vhanmarathe Yatiraj Ramesh

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 Index

Chapter No Topic Page

Introduction 6-7

1.1 Overview 7

1.2 Project Motivation 7

Chapter 1
1.3 Project Aim and Objective 7

1.4 Contribution of Project 7

1.5 Organization of report 8

Chapter 2 Literature Review 9

Chapter 3 Block diagram of project 10

Chapter 4 Study and Design of Project 11-15

Simulation if any and experimental results of project work

Chapter 5 5.1 Experimental Setup 16

5.2 Simulation and experimental result discussions

Conclusion

6.1 Conclusion 17
Chapter 6
6.2 Recommendation for future scope of the project 17

References 18

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 Chapter 1: Introduction

In simple terms, Li-Fi can be thought of as a light-used Wi-Fi. That is, it uses light instead of
radio waves to transmit information .And instead of Wi-Fi modems, Li-Fi would use
transceiver fitted LED lamps that can light a room as well as transmit and receive
information. Since simple light bulbs are used, there can technically be any number of access
points. This technology uses a part of the electromagnetic spectrum that is still not greatly
utilized-The Visible Light Spectrum. Light is in fact very much part of our lives for millions
and millions of years and does not have any major ill effect. Moreover there is 10,000 times
more space available in this spectrum and just counting on the bulbs in use, it also multiplies
to 10,000 times more availability as an infrastructure, globally. It Is possible to encode data in
the light by varying the rate of which the LEDs flicker on and off to give different strings of
Is and fix. The LED intensity is modulated so rapidly that human eyes cannot notice, so the
output appears constant. Over the past few years there has been a rapid growth in the
utilization of the RF region of the electromagnetic spectrum. This is because of the huge
growth in the number of mobile phones subscriptions in recent times. This has been causing a
rapid reduction in free spectrum for future devices. Light-fidelity (Li Fi) operates in the
visible light spectrum of the electromagnetic spectrum i.e. it uses visible light as a medium of
transmission rather than the traditional radio waves Li-Fi stands for Light-Fidelity. Li-Fi is
transmission of data using visible light by sending data through an LED light bulb that varies
in intensity faster than the human eye can follow. If the LED is on, the photo detector
registers a binary one: otherwise, it’s a binary zero. The idea of Li-Fi was introduced by a
Geranin physicist. Harald Hass. which he also referred to as "Data through illumination" The
term Li-Fi was first used by Haas in his TED Global talk on Visible Light Communication.
According to Hass. the light. which he referred to it. Light". can be used to produce data rates
higher than 1 Giga bits per second which is much faster than our average broadband
connection. The high-speed achievement of Li-Fi can be explained using frequency
spectrums of Electromagnetic Radiations. From the electromagnetic spectrum we can see that
the frequency Band of the visible light is in between 430THz to 770THz and that of Radio
Frequency Band is in between MHz to 3THz. Hence the Frequency Bandwidth of the visible
light is about 400 Times greater than the Radio Frequency Bandwidth. So more Number of
bits can be transferred through this Bandwidth than in the radio frequency bandwidth. Hence
Data rate will be higher in the Li- Fi and higher speed can be achieved. Using Li-Fi we can

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transmit any data that can be transferred using conventional Wi-Fi network. That can be
Images. Audit. Vide. Internet connectivity, etc. but the advantages over the I1i-Fi Network
High speed. Increased Security. More Number of Connected Devices. endless cost. In coming
years number of devices that support Li-Fi will hit the Market. It is estimated that the
compound annual growth of Li-Fi market will be of 82%from 2015 to 2018 and to be worth
over S6 billion per year by 2018.

1.1 Overview
In present scenario, Radio waves are being used in communication systems. But visible light
can be used to transmit data faster and efficiently.
Wi-Fi is great for general wireless coverage within buildings, whereas Li-Fi is ideal for high
density wireless data coverage in confined area and for relieving radio interference issues.
Li-Fi comprises a wide range of frequencies and wavelengths, from the infrared through
visible and down to the ultraviolet spectrum.
Here a sinusoidal signal has been transmitted from one device to another through visible
light.

1.2 Project Motivation

Li-Fi boasts significantly higher theoretical data transfer speeds compared to Wi-Fi. This
translates to the potential for transmitting high-fidelity audio with minimal lag or
compression.

Unlike Wi-Fi which relies on radio waves, Li-Fi utilizes light waves. This eliminates
interference issues commonly faced in environments with crowded radio spectrums, like
hospitals or airplanes.

1.3 Project Aim and Objectives

High-Speed Data Transmission: Achieving data transmission speeds that surpass those of
traditional wireless communication technologies like Wi-Fi.

Bandwidth Enhancement: Leveraging the broad bandwidth available in the visible light
spectrum to support data-intensive applications and services.

Reliable Communication: Developing protocols and mechanisms to ensure stable and robust

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communication even in challenging environments.

1.4 Contribution to project

Testing and Evaluation: Develop a testing plan to evaluate the performance of your Li-Fi
audio transmission system. This could involve measuring factors like fidelity, range, and
sensitivity to interference.
Troubleshooting and Problem-solving: Anticipate potential challenges and devise solutions
for common issues encountered in Li-Fi implementations.

Sr.No. Name Activity Done

1. Garud Siddharth Hanmant, Jagdale Disha Prakash Circuit Building, Research

Paper Analysis

2. Vhanmarathe Yatiraj Ramesh, Kandekar Pradnya Circuit Building, Report

Navnath
3. Jagdale Disha Prakash , Vhanmarathe Yatiraj Ramesh Circuit Building,gathering
Information

4. Kandekar Pradnya Navnath, Jagdale Disha Prakash Circuit Building,Forming PPT

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Chapter 2: Literature Review

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Chapter 3: Block diagram of project

Fig 1.Block Diagram

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 Chapter 4: Study and Design of Project

Fig 2. Circuit Diagram

Step 1: Gathering the Materials

This Experiment will not cost you more than 7 Bucks and the best part of this Experiment is
that you don't need any Arduino or Programming. We need very simple materials for it. The
List of the Materials is given below -

1. 3.5 mm Jack PIN OUT........(X2)

2. 3mm LED..........................(X1)
3. 9 Volt Battery......................(X1)
4. 9 Volt Battery Connector... (X1)
5. 220 Ohm Resistor..............(X1)
6. 5 - 6 Volt Solar Panel.........(X1)

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Some basic tools are also required for this Experiment. The List is given below -

1. Soldering Iron
2. Hot Glue Gun (Not Necessarily Super Glue will also work)

Step 2: Preparing the 3.5 Mm Jacks

NOTE: If you get wires pre-soldered on the jack then you can simply skip to the Next
Step but If you get the Jack only then follow this step.

First, we are going to get our Jacks ready. In a 3.5 mm Jack you will find 3 parts (Terminals)
as shown above.

The Highest Part is known as GROUND.

The next 2 Shorter Parts are known as LEFT and RIGHT

1. Unscrew the Cap on the Top of the Jack

2. Solder a wire on the GROUND first.
3. Then Strip a wire longer from the front and solder it on the both shorter parts
(LEFT and RIGHT) from one side only
4. Pass your both wires through the hole on the cap and screw it back on
5. Repeat the same steps for the other jack too and your both Jacks are ready to go

Step 3: Building the LiFi Transmitter

Now we are going to build the Transmitter which will emit the LiFi Signals

I've Given the Circuit Diagram for the Transmitter above

Steps for building the Transmitter are given below -

1. Connect the Negative (-ve) Terminal of your LED with the GROUND terminal of the
Headphone Jack
2. Now, Connect the Resistor to the Positive (+ve) Terminal of the LED
3. Connect the Positive (+ve) Terminal of your 9 Volt Battery with the Resistor

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 4. Now at last connect the Negative (-ve) Terminal of the Battery with the common wire
of LEFT and RIGHT Terminals from the 3.5 mm Jack to Complete the Circuit.

So, we’ve made the LiFi Transmitter and now its turn to make the receiver that will Receive
these LiFi signals

Step 4: Building the LiFi Receiver

In the last step we made the Transmitter of LiFi signals and now its turn to make
the Receiver to receive these LiFi signals.

The Circuit Diagram is given above for the Receiver

The Steps for making the Receiver are given below -

1. Solder the wires to the Positive (+ve) and Negative (-ve) Terminals of the Solar Panel
2. Now, Connect the Negative (-ve) Terminal to the GROUND Terminal of the other
Jack
3. The Positive (+ve) Terminal is left so connect the Positive (+ve) Terminal of the Solar
Panel to the Common wire of LEFT and RIGHT Terminals from the jack to complete
the Circuit.

Now our Receiver is also built and the only thing left is to assemble both the circuits in a
cardboard box.

Step 5: Building the Cases for the Transmitter and Receiver

We have completed the Circuits of the Transmitter and Receiver and now its turn to make
Protective Case for them. By this our Project will look neat and will be safer than open
Circuits.

Transmitter Case

1. Cut out the pieces of Cardboard as per the measurements given above or you can use
wood too but I recommend Cardboard as it will be easier to work on. (Note: The
Templates are not by correct measurements they are for reference only)
2. Now get your Glue Gun ready

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 3. Make a L shaped Structure with the 2 bigger pieces of Cardboard
4. Attach the Cardboard Supports on both sides of the L joint to make it more stable
5. Place the Battery near the inside of joint
6. Make a hole on one of the big cardboard pieces (almost in the center)
7. Pass the LED through the hole and glue it there
8. Glue the resistor and wires according to the empty space left
9. Glue the wire of the Jack at the end of the Lower cardboard and the Transmitter is
ready to go

Receiver Case

1. For this case we will glue the supports on the ends of the solar panel and our receiver
is also ready to go. (Note: The Templates are not by correct measurements they are
for reference only)

Now our all setup is done and if anything left, that is just to test it.

Step 6: Testing Time

All of our Setup is done and now we are going to test it.

1. Take the LiFi Transmitter Jack and Connect it with your Phone through the 3.5 mm
Female Jack
2. Take the LiFi Receiver Jack and Connect it with a Pre-Amplified Speaker in the AUX
Input Port
3. Place the LiFi Transmitter and LiFi Receiver Face to Face with each other with a
Distance of about 5 cm (or 2 inches) between them.
4. Connect the Battery to the 9 Volt Battery Connector in the LiFi Transmitter
5. The LED will Light up
6. Play any song on the Connected Phone

You will observe that the song will also start to play on the speaker too!

This happens because The LiFi Transmitter will transmit the audio signals from your Phone
through Light from the LED to The LiFi Receiver that is the Solar Panel. The Solar Panel

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will collect these LiFi Signals and send them to the Speaker. Then the Speaker will amplify
these LiFi Signals and convert them to Audio Signals again

Advantages:
1. Li-Fi can solve problems related to the insufficiency of radio frequency bandwidth
because this technology uses Visible light spectrum that has still not been greatly utilized.
2. High data transmission rates of up to 10Gbps can be achieved.
3. Since light cannot penetrate walls, it provides privacy and security that Wi-Fi cannot.
4. Li-Fi has low implementation and maintenance costs.
5. It is safe for humans since light, unlike radio frequencies, cannot penetrate human body.
Hence, concerns of cell mutation are mitigated.

Disadvantages:
1. Only works if there is direct line of sight (LOS) between the transmitter and receiver.
2. Data transmission can be easily obstructed by opaque obstacles.

Applications:
1. Smart Lighting: Any private or public lighting including street lamps can be used to
provide Li-Fi hotspots and the same communications
2. Mobile Connectivity: Laptops, smart phones, tablets and other mobile devices can
interconnect directly using Li-Fi. Short range links give very high data rates and also
provides security.
3. Hospital & Healthcare: Li-Fi emits no electromagnetic interference and so does not
interfere with medical instruments, nor is it interfered with by MRI scanners
4. Aviation: Li-Fi can be used to reduce weight and cabling and add flexibility to seating
layouts in aircraft passenger cabins where LED lights are already deployed.
5. Underwater Communications: Due to strong signal absorption in water, RF use is
impractical. Acoustic waves have extremely low bandwidth and disturb marine life.

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 Chapter 5: Experimental results of project work
5.1 Experimental Setup

Fig 3. Experimental Setup

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 Chapter 6: Conclusions

6.1 Conclusions
The possibilities are numerous and can be explored further. If this technology can be put into
practical use, every bulb can be used something like a wi-fi hotspot to transmit wireless data
and can be proceed towards the cleaner, greener, safer, brighter future. The concept of li-fi is
currently attracting a great of interest, not least because it may offer a genuine and very
efficient alternative to radio-based wireless. As a growing number of people and their many
devices access wireless in internet, the airwaves are becoming increasingly clogged, making
it more and more difficult to get a reliable, high-speed signal.
This may solve issues such as the shortage of radio-frequency bandwidth and also allow
internet where traditional radio-based wireless isn’t allowed such as aircraft or hospitals. One
of the shortcomings however is that it only works in direct line of sigh

6.2 Recommendations for Future scope of the project

As light is everywhere and free to use, there is a great scope for the use and evolution of LiFi.
Technology. If this technology becomes mature, each Li-Fi bulb can be used to transmit
wireless Data. As the Li-Fi technology becomes popular, it will lead to a cleaner, greener,
safer Communications and have a bright future and environment. The concept of Li-Fi is
deriving Many people as it is free (require no license) and faster means of data transfer. If it
evolves Faster, people will use this technology more and more.

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 References

1. M.Kavehrad , “Sustainable Energy Efficient Wireless Application Using ,”IEEE

commun.Mag.,vol.48,no.12 Dec.2010, pp. 66-73
2. M.Sharmila, M.Shrin Shifana, V.Theebica, V.Sangeethapriya “Audio Transmission
Using Li-Fi Technology”, IRJET.2018
3. Saranya S., Rahavi B “Audio Transmission Using Visible Light Communication and
Li-Fi technology”, IEEE.2021

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