Project Title
Projectile motion and Newton laws of motion
NAME : HANSIKA
CLASS : 11TH SCIENCE
EASTWOOD INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL
SUBMITTED TO : MR TARUN KUMAR
INDEX
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
WHAT IS MOTION ?
PROJECTILE MOTION
DERIVATION ON PROJECTILE MOTION
NUMERICALS
NEWTON LAWS OF MOTION & DERIVATION
NUMERICALS AND QUESTIONS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude
to my Physics teacher for their continuous
guidance and support. This project has helped
me understand the fundamental concepts of
motion and Newton’s laws in a clearer and
more practical way. I also thank my
classmates and family for their motivation
during the preparation of this file.
WHAT IS MOTION ?
Motion is the change in position of an object
with respect to time
TYPES OF MOTION
Linear motion [ eg ;car on a straight road]
Projectile motion [eg ; a ball thrown in air]
PROJECTILE MOTION
Projectile motion is the curved path followed by
an object that is thrown or projected into the
air , under the influence of gravity and moves
in two dimensions : horizontal and vertical
EXAMPLES : A football kicked in air
• Water coming out of fountain
• A stone thrown from a height
DERIVATIONS ON EQUATIONS
Let
• Ux =UCOS θ
• Ux = usinθ
• g = acceleration due to gravity
• t= time
1. TIME OF FLIGHT
using vertical motion :
s=ut + ½ (-gt2 )
At highest point displacement is 0
:. 0=usinθ . T – ½ gt2
We get
T= 2usinθ/g
2. MAX HEIGHT
at max height uy=0( FINAL VELOCITY)
SO
u2y =u2y – 2gh = 0 = (usinθ)2 – 2gh
Hence h = u2sin2θ/2g
3. HORIZONTAL RANGE
total distance
R= ux.T= ucos θ . 2usin θ/g
R= U2SIN2 θ/g
NUMERICAL ON THIS MOTION
1. A ball is projected with the speed of 20m/s at an angle of 30degree to
horizontal . Find the time of flight
solution : u=20m/s , θ= 30 . , g= 9.8m/s2
T= 2usin θ /g T= 2*20*sin30/9.8 = 2.04 sec
2. A Projectile motion is thrown with velocity 25m/s at 45degree calculate the
max height it reaches (g=9.8m/s2)
solution : u=25m/s
From formula H = U2 SIN2 θ/2g
H = 25*25. (sin 45)2 / 2*9.8
= 15.94m
3. A cricket ball is hit with velocity of 30m/s at 60 degree above horizontal .
Find the range .
solution ; u = 30m/s , θ= 60 and g is 9.8 m/s2
R = u2 sin 2 θ/g
R = 30.30 *sin120 /9.8
= 79.53 m
4. A projectile is launched at 40m/s at 45º.Find the velocity of the projectile
after 2 seconds
( solve using horizontal and vertical components ).
Solution : u=40m/s , θ = 45º,t=2s and g =9.8m/s2
Ux = Ucos θ =40*cos45degree =40*0.707= 28.28m/s
Uy = usin θ –gt=40*0.707-9.8*2= 28.28-19.6 = 8.68m/s
resultant u = √U2x +U2y = √(28.28)2 +(8.68)2 = √875.1 = 29.58m/s
5. A projectile covers a horizontal range of 40m and reaches a maximum
height of 10m
find the angle of projection
solution: R = 40m , H=10m and g=9.8m/s2
H/R = u2sin2 θ /2g ÷ u2sin2 θ /g = sin^2 θ / 2sin2 θ ---(1)
now Hmax = u2sin2 θ /2g = 2gh = 2*9.8*10 = 196m
range = u2sin2 θ =R.g = 40*9.8 = 392 , put in eq 1
sin2 θ /2sin2 θ = ½
sin2θ=2sin θcos θ
so, sin θ/ cos θ =1 , tan θ =1 ,
so on comparing , θ =45º ans
NEWTON LAWS OF MOTION
1. LAW OF INERTIA
definition :
An object will remain at rest or move in a straight line with constant
speed unless any external force is applied
EXAMPLES : A ball on a ground stay still until kicked
A car suddenly stops and the passengers lurch forward
This resisting property is called inertia .
2. NEWTON’S SECOND LAW OF MOTION:
Definition :
the rate of change of momentum of an object is directly
proportional to the applied force and takes place in the direction of force
p=mv
MATHEMETICAL DERIVATION >>>
let momentum = P ,mass = m and velocity = v
P=mv
dp/dt = d(mv) /dt
If mass=constant then , d(mv)/dt = m *dv /dt = m.a
F=ma
example >> A football accelerates more when you kick it harder
3. NEWTON THIRD LAW OF MOTION
definition :
For every action , there is equal and opposite reaction .
EXAMPLES :
Jumping off a boat – when u jump forward from a boat , it moves
backwards
Walking – you pushes the ground backward with your foot and it pushes
you forward
Gun recoil - bullet moves forward (action) . Gun kicks back ( reaction) .
QUESTIONS
Q 1 – A body of mass 5kg is acted upon by a force of 20N . What is its
acceleration ?
ANS – F=ma = a= F/m =20/5 = 4m/s2
a= 4m/s2
Q2 Why does we move forward when a moving car stops suddenly ?
ANS According to first law ,the body tends to remain in its state of motion .
When the car stops suddenly ,the lower body stops with it ,but the upper
body continuous moving due to inertia so this is why we jerks forward .
Q3 what force is required to accelerate a 1.5kg body at 4m/s^2 ?
ANS f=ma
F = 1.5* 4 = 6N
Q 4 A gun of mass 4kg fires a bullet of mass 0.1kg with a velocity of 400m/s.
find the recoil velocity of the gun
ANS m1v1 = m2v2
0.1*400 =4*v
v=40/4 = 10m/s
Q5 Two forces 8N and 6 N act on a body in opposite directions . The mass of
the body is 2kg .find its acceleration
solution : fnet =8-6 =2N
a=f/m =2/2 = 1m/s2
SUMMARY
This project covers the concept of motion
especially projectile motion with its formulas
and derivations . It also explain Newton ‘s
three laws of motion with real life examples
,derivations and numericals problems .
Together , it gives a clear and simple
understanding of how objects move and how
forces act on them in everyday life .
