❑ Lesson-3 [Problems solving of projectile]
Problem 23 : A projectile is fired horizontally from a gun that is 45.0 m
above flat ground, emerging from the gun with a speed of 250 m/s.(a) How
long does the projectile remain in the air? (b) At what horizontal distance
from the firing point does it strike the ground? (c) What is the magnitude of
the vertical component of its velocity as it strikes the ground?
Solution : (a) we adopt upward direction is + ve
Here, along vertical direction v0 = 0
Thus, from Eq (4)
𝟏 𝟏
0 - h = (v0 sin θ0 )t - gt2 = - gt2
𝟐 𝟐
𝟐𝒉 𝟐×𝟒𝟓
Or, t= = = 3.03 sec
𝒈 𝟗.𝟖
(b) Again, x = v0 t ; [ ax = 0 ]
or, x = (250 ms-1) (3.03 s) = 758 m
(c) Again we know, vy = v0y - gt . But along vertical direction vo = v0y = 0
vy = gt = ( 9.8 ms-2) ( 3.03 s ) = 29.7 ms-1
Problem 25 : The current world-record motorcycle jump is 77.0 m, set by
Jason Renie. Assume that he left the take-off ramp at 12.0º to the horizontal
and that the take-off and landing heights are the same. Neglecting air drag,
determine his take-off speed.
Solution : We know,
v0 2
R= sin 2θ0
𝒈
𝒈𝑹 𝟗.𝟖 × 𝟕𝟕
Or, vo = = = 43.1 ms-1
sin 2 θ0 sin 2( 12.2 )º
Problem 30 : A soccer ball is kicked from the ground with an initial speed of 19.5 m/s at
an upward angle of 45°. A player 55 m away in the direction of the kick starts running to
meet the ball at that instant . What must be his average speed if he is to meet the ball
just before it hits the ground?
Solution : Since the ball will eventually hit the ground then vertical displacement,
Δ y = y- y0 = 0
𝟏
Δy = (v0 sin θ0 )t - 𝟐
gt2
𝟏
Or, 0 = (v0 sin θ0 )t - gt2
𝟐
𝟏
Or, 𝟐
gt2 = (v0 sin θ0 )t
2 v0 sin θ0 2 × 19.5 × sin 45°
Or, t= 𝒈
= 𝟗.𝟖
= 2.81 sec
Now, horizontal displacement,
Δ x = x - x0 = (v0 cos θ0 ) t = 19.5 × cos 45° × 2.81 = 38.7 m
The player must have an average velocity of
Δ𝒓 𝒓 𝒓 𝟑𝟖.𝟕 𝒎 𝒊Ƹ − 𝟓𝟓 𝒎 𝒊Ƹ
𝒗 avg = Δ 𝒕 = 𝒇Δ− 𝒕 𝒊 = 𝟐.𝟖𝟏 𝒔
= ( - 5.8 m/s) 𝒊Ƹ
which means his average speed (assuming he ran in only one direction) is 5.8 m/s. (Ans)
Problem 32 : You throw a ball toward a wall at speed 25.0 m/s and at angle θ0 =
40.0° above the horizontal (Fig.4-35).The wall is distance d = 22.0 m from the
release point of the ball. (a) How far above the release point does the ball hit the
wall? What are the (b) horizontal and (c) vertical components of its velocity as it
hits the wall? (d) When it hits, has it passed the highest point on its trajectory?
Solution : We know , Δ x = vx t
But, vx = v0 cos (40.0° ) and Δ x = d = 22.0 m
the time it takes for the ball to hit the wall is ,
Δx d 22
t = v = v cos (40.0° ) =
x 0 25 ×cos (40.0° ) = 1.15 sec
(a) The vertical distance is ,
𝟏 𝟏
Δy = (v0 sin θ0 )t - 𝟐
gt2 = (25 m/s) sin 40° × 1.15 -
𝟐
× 9.80 × (1.15)2 = 12.0 m
(b) The horizontal component of the velocity when it strikes the wall does
not change from its initial value:
vx = v0 cos (40.0° ) = 19.2 m/s.
(c) The vertical component becomes
vy = v0 sin θ0 – gt = (25 m/s) sin 40° - 9.8 × 1.15 = 4.80 m/s
(d) We know, At highest point vy = 0 . Since vy > 0 when the ball hits the wall, it
has not reached the highest point yet.
❑ Chapter -5 [Force and Motion-1]
Chapter -5
Newton’s First Law [Force and Motion-1]
If no force acts on a body, the body’s velocity cannot change ; that is, the body
cannot accelerate.
➢ Force is a vector quantity and thus has not only magnitude but also
direction. So, if two or more forces act on a body, we find the net force (or
resultant force) by adding them as vectors.
➢ A single force that has the same magnitude and direction as the calculated
net force would then have the same effect as all the individual forces. This
fact, called the principle of superposition for forces.
➢ If N number of forces acts on a body then the net force will be
𝐹Ԧ net = 𝐹Ԧ 1 + 𝐹Ԧ 2 + 𝐹Ԧ 3 + …………+ 𝐹Ԧ N
Newton’s First Law is in terms of a net force :
If no net force acts on a body (𝑭net = 0 ), the body’s velocity
cannot change ; that is, the body cannot accelerate.
Newton’s Second Law
The net force on a body is equal to the product of the body’s mass and its
acceleration.
In equation form : 𝑭net = m𝒂 ……….. (1)
Separate Axes :
Like other vector equations, Eq (1) is equivalent to three component
equations, one for each axis of an xyz coordinate system:
Fnet, x = max , Fnet, y = may , Fnet, z = maz ………. (2)
Newton’s Third Law
When two bodies interact, the forces on the bodies from each other are
always equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.
If a force 𝑭BC acts on body B due to body C, then there is a force 𝑭CB on
body C due to body B :
𝑭BC = - 𝑭CB ………. (3)
The forces are equal in magnitude but opposite in directions. The minus
sign means that these two forces are in opposite directions.
We can call the forces between two interacting bodies a third-law force
pair .
When any two bodies interact in any situation, a third-law force pair is
present
❑ Create and analyze a free-body diagram for an object,
showing the object as a particle and drawing the forces
acting on it as vectors
To solve problems with Newton’s second law, we often draw a free-body diagram in
which the only body shown is the one for which we are summing forces.
Sample problem 5.01 : When one or two forces act on it. Parts A, B, and C of Fig.5-3
show three situations in which one or two forces act on a puck that moves over frictionless
ice along an x axis, in one-dimensional motion. The puck’s mass is m = 0.20 kg. Forces
and are directed along the axis and have magnitudes F1= 4.0 N and F2 = 2.0 N. Force is
directed at angle θ = 30º and has magnitude F3 = 1.0 N. In each situation, what is the
acceleration of the puck?
Solution : Because the motion is along only the x axis,
so Newton’s 2nd law becomes, Fnet, x = max ….. (4)
Situation A: For Fig. b, where only one horizontal force
acts; Eq. 4 gives us : F1 = max
F1 𝟒.𝟎 𝑵
Which yields ax= = 𝟎.𝟐𝟎 𝒌𝒈 = 20 m/s2
𝒎
The positive answer indicates that the acceleration is in the
positive direction of the x axis
Situation B: In Fig d, two horizontal forces act
on the puck, in the positive direction of x and in the negative
direction. Then, Fnet, x = F1 - F2
Now Eq (4) gives us F1 - F2 = max ,
Which yields
F1 − F2 𝟒.𝟎 𝑵 −𝟐.𝟎 𝑵
ax= = = 10 m/s2
𝒎 𝟎.𝟐𝟎 𝒌𝒈
Thus, the net force accelerates the puck in the positive direction of the x axis.
Situation C: In Fig f, force is not directed along the direction
of the puck’s acceleration; only x component F3,x is.(Force is
two-dimensional but the motion is only one dimensional.)
Thus, Fnet , x = F3, x - F2
Now Eq (4) gives us F3, x - F2 = max ,
Which yields
F3, x− F2
ax = 𝒎
F3 cos𝜽 − F2
= 𝒎
𝟏.𝟎 𝑵 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟑𝟎° − 𝟐.𝟎 𝑵
=
𝒎
= - 5.7 m/s2
Thus, the net force accelerates the puck in the negative direction of the x axis.
[Ans]
Thank you
For Your ATTENTION!!
(Questions and Answers)
