Harvard Referencing Method

Source Type Structure Example in Bibliography Example in Text

Book (Single Surname, Initials. Year of publication. Title of Barker, F. 1992. Postmodernism and the re-reading of (Barker 1992:185)
Author) book. Place of Publication: Publication house. modernity. New York: Manchester University Press. (Surname year:page #)
Journal Articles Surname, Initials. Year of publication. Title of De Duve, T. 1986. The Readymade and the Tube of Paint. Art (De Duve 1986:115)
article. Name of Periodical (Journal) + Volume Forum 24 (6-10): 110-121. (Surname year:page #)
Number and (Issue Number): Page numbers.
Composition Book Surname, Initials, Surname, Initials. (eds.) Title Milner, A, Thomson, P & Worth, C (eds.). Postmodern
(Edited by…) of Book. Place of Publication: Publication conditions. New York: Berg.
house.
Newspaper Article Surname, Initials. Year of Publication. Title of Weaver, T. 2001. Going back to their roots. Mail & Guardian, (Weaver 2001:4)
Article. Newspaper Name, Volume(issue) Date 17(35) 14 August: 4. (Surname year:page #)
of publication: Page number.
Films and Videos Name of Film, Year of release. Film. Directed by Macbeth, 1948. Film. Directed by Orson Welles. USA: (Macbeth, 1948)
… . Place where it was filmed: Production Republic Pictures. (Name of movie, year of release)
Company.

Electronic Media: Surname, Initials. Year of publications. Title of Carroll, L. 1994. Alice's Adventures in Wonderland [Online]. (Carroll
Online Books Book [Online]. Edition. Place of publication: Texinfoedition. [Dortmund, Germany] : WindSpiel. 1994:http://www.germany.eu.net/
Publication house. Available: books/carroll/alice.html)
A new line begins with the word `Available' <URL:http://www.germany.eu.net/books/carroll/alice.html>. (Surname Year of publication:
followed by a colon and then the receiver's receiver’s address)
address in <> brackets.
Electronic Media: Surname, Initials. Year of Publication. Title of Price-Wilkin, J. 1994. Using the World-Wide Web to deliver (Price-Wilkin
Online Journals Article. Title of online Periodical [Online], complex electronic documents: implications for libraries. The 1994:gopher://info.lib.uh.edu:70/00/
volume(issue): page numbers. Public-Access Computer Systems Review [Online],5(3): 5-21. articles/e-journals/uhlibrary/
A new line begins with the word `Available' Available: <URL:gopher://info.lib.uh.edu:70/00/articles/e- pacsreview/v5/n3/pricewil.5n3)
followed by a colon and then the receiver's journals/uhlibrary/ pacsreview/v5/n3/pricewil.5n3>[cited (Surname Date of Publication:
address in <> brackets. 1994-07-28]. receiver’s address)
Electronic Media: Surname (author), Initials, Year of publication, Beckleheimer, J. 1994, How do you cite URL's in a (Beckleheimer1994:http://www.
Internet sources Title [Online]. bibliography? [Online]. nrlssc.navy.mil/meta/ bibliography.
A new line begins with the word `Available' Available: http://www.nrlssc.navy.mil/meta/ html)
followed by a colon and then the receiver's bibliography.html [1995, Dec. 13].
address in <> brackets.
MLA Referencing Method
Source Type Structure Example in Bibliography Example in Text
Book (Single Surname, Name/Initals. Title of Book. Place of Fukuyama, Francis. Our Posthuman Future: Consequences of (Fukuyama 185)
Author) publication: Publishing House, Year of the Biotechnology Revolution. New York: Farrar, 2002. (Surname Page number)
publication.
Journal Articles Surname, Name/Initials. “Title of the Book. Albada, Kelly F. “The Public and Private Dialogue about the (Albada 399)
Place of publication.” Name of Journal American Family on Television.” Journal of Communication (Surname Page number)
Volume.Issue (Year of Publication): Page 50.4 (2000): 79–110.
numbers.
Composition Book Surname, Name/Initials, and Surname, Eggins, Suzanne, and Slade, Diana. Analysing Casual (Eggins et al. 132)
(Edited by…) Name/Initials. Name of Book. Place of Conversation. London: Cassell, 1997. (First Surname et al. Page number)
publication: Publishing House, year of
publication.
Newspaper Article Surname, Initials. Year of Publication. “Title of Jeromack, Paul. “This Once, a David of the Art World Does (Jeromack 12)
Article.” Newspaper Name, Date of Goliath a Favor.” New York Times 13 July 2002, late ed. (Surname Page number)
publication: Edition
Films and Videos Title of Film. Director's Name. Performers' Shattered Glass. Dir. And Writ. Billy Ray. Perf. Hayden (Shattered Glass, Billy Ray)
Names (if applicable). Film Studio or Christensen, Peter Sarsgaard, and Chloe Sevigny. Lions Gate (Name of film, Director)
Distributor, Release Year. Medium of Films, 2003. Film.
Publication.
Electronic Media: Lastname, Firstname. Title of Book. Place of Ridout, Nicholas. Passionate Amateurs: Theatre, (Ridout 287)
Online Books Publication: Publisher, Year, Medium of Communism and Love. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan (Surname Page number)
Publication. Press, 2013. OAPEN Library.
Electronic Media: Surname, Initials. Year of Publication. Title of Butler, Darrell L., and Sellbom, Martin. “Barriers to Adopting (Butler and Selbom 22)
Online Journals Article. Title of online Periodical [Online], Technology for Teaching and Learning.” Educause Quarterly (Surname(s) Page number)
volume(issue): page numbers. 25.2 (2002): 22–28. Educause. 3 Aug. 2002
A new line begins with the word `Available' <http://www.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/eqm0223.pdf>.
followed by a colon and then the receiver's
address in <> brackets.
Electronic Media: Lastname, Firstname. Title of Work. Version or Felluga, Dino. Introductory Guide to Critical Theory. Purdue (Felluga, 2011)
Internet sources edition used. Publisher or Sponsor of the Site, University, 31 Jan. 2011.Web. 21 Nov. 2012. (Surname, year)
Date of Publication. Medium of Publication.
Date of access.
Oxford / Footnote Referencing Method
Source Type Structure Example in Bibliography Example in Text
Book (Single Author's surname(s), initial(s), title of book, Dunstan, Ewen, Sources of ideas, Sun Press, Boston, 2004, …to come forward.1
Author) publisher, place of publication, year of p. 71-78.
1
Dunstan, Ewen, Sources of ideas, Sun Press, Boston,
publication, p. page number(s)
2004, p. 71-78.
Journal Articles Surname, Name/Initials, Title of Article, Volume S. Mintz, 'Food Enigmas, Colonial and …with which he can win.1
#, Issue #, Year of publication, p. #s Postcolonial', Gastronomica,vol. 10, no.1, 2010, p. 149.
1
S. Mintz, 'Food Enigmas, Colonial and
Postcolonial', Gastronomica,vol. 10, no.1, 2010, p.
149.
Composition Book Author's surname(s), initial(s), ‘Title of M. Blaxter, 'Social class and health inequalities', …reason for so many pandemics.2
(Edited by…) article/Chapter’, Chapter # in Title of book, in Equalities and Inequalities in Health, C. Carter & J. Peel
2
(eds), Academic Press, London, 1976, pp. 6-7. M. Blaxter, 'Social class and health inequalities',
editor(s) name, publisher, place of publication,
in Equalities and Inequalities in Health, C. Carter & J.
year of publication, page number(s) Peel (eds), Academic Press, London, 1976, pp. 6-7.
Newspaper Article Author, ‘Title’, Newspaper Name, Date of R. Boyd, 'The City of Sordid Splendour', Australian, 26 …full of debauchery. 7
publication, page #. August 1964, p. 10. 7
R. Boyd, 'The City of Sordid
Splendour', Australian, 26 August 1964, p. 10.
Films and Videos Title, Format, Publisher/ Production Company, Strictly Ballroom, DVD, 20th Century Fox, Australia, … themes were prevalent in the movie. 3
Place of recording, year of release. 1992.
3
Strictly Ballroom, DVD, 20th Century Fox,
Australia, 1992.
Electronic Media: Surname, Initial., Title of the book, Place of Koller, V., Metaphor and Gender in Business Media …treated as equals. 4
Online Books Publication, Publishing house, Year of Discourse: A Critical Cognitive Study, New York, Palgrave 4
publication, Available from: Website name, (date Macmillan, 2004, Available from: E-Book Library, (accessed V. Koller, Metaphor and Gender in Business Media
accessed). 23 September 2010). Discourse: A Critical Cognitive Study, New York,
Palgrave Macmillan, 2004, pp. 75-80, Available
from: E-Book Library, (accessed 23 September 2010).
Electronic Media: Author/editor “page title”, in website title, name K. Toffoletti, 'How is Gender-based Violence Covered in …resulted in much controversy. 3
Online Journals of sponsor of site (if available), last date site the Sporting News? An Account of the Australian Football 3
League Sex Scandal', Women's Studies International K. Toffoletti, 'How is Gender-based Violence Covered
updated, viewed on date of viewing, URL in the Sporting News? An Account of the Australian
Forum, vol. 30, no. 5, 2007, p. 427. Available from
ProQuest, (accessed 23 February 2010). Football League Sex Scandal', Women's Studies
International Forum, vol. 30, no. 5, 2007, p. 427.
Available from ProQuest, (accessed 23 February
2010).
Electronic Media: Surname, Name/Initials, Year of publication, Harvey, Thomas, 1995, Early fabrics, Somer Research …designs started to flourish. 5
Internet sources Name of Centre, 2004, http://www.somer.com, 5
Viewed 15 June. Harvey, Thomas, 1995, Early fabrics, Somer Research
Centre, 2004, http://www.somer.com,
Viewed 15 June.
Websites you can look at if you need more examples.

Harvard Method

http://education.exeter.ac.uk/dll/studyskills/harvard_referencing.htm

http://openjournals.net/files/Ref/HARVARD2009%20Reference%20guide.pdf

http://www.staffs.ac.uk/assets/harvard_quick_guide_tcm44-47797.pdf

MLA Method

http://library.uws.edu.au/uws_library/sites/default/files/cite_MLA.pdf

http://guides.lib.monash.edu/citing-referencing/mla

Oxford/ Footnote Method

http://www.nd.edu.au/downloads/library/refguides/sydney_philosophy_and_theology_referencing_guide_2010_final.pdf

http://guides.is.uwa.edu.au/content.php?pid=385139&sid=3156563