Assignment On Managerial
Economics
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Assignment On Managerial Economics
Pso And De Based Tuning Of Pid Controller Essay
PSO and DE Based Tuning of PID Controller in AVR System G.E.N.GANESH
Electrical and Electronics Engineering
A.U. College of Engineering (A)
Visakhapatnam, India
[email protected] K.VAISAKH, Ph.D
Electrical and Electronics Engineering
A.U. College of Engineering (A)
Visakhapatnam, India
[email protected] Abstract In this paper, determination of optimal
parameters of a PID controller in an Automatic Voltage Regulation (AVR) system by the approach of
Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Differential Evolution (DE) Techniques is presented. This
paper demonstrated in detail how to employ the PSO and DE methods to search efficiently the
optimal PID controller parameters of an AVR system. A MATLAB simulation has been performed.
The proposed approach had superior features, including easy implementation, stable convergence
characteristic, and good computational efficiency. In order to assist estimating the performance of
the PID controller using PSO and DE, Minimum Error Integral (MEI) criterion Integral Absolute
Error (IAE), Integral Square Error (ISE), Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE) and Integral Time
Square Error (ITSE) are used.
Keywords AVR system, Differential Evolution, Particle Swarm Optimization, PID controller, tuning
of controller.
Introduction
The main aim of automatic voltage regulation system is to hold terminal voltage constant. The
characteristics of alternator output required are constant voltage and constant current. To get the
Fahim Irfa
Fahim Irfa Creation of a trust
The issue to consider is whether a valid trust has been created.
Fahim has declared himself as trustee and as he owns the legal title there is no need to transfer
property.
In order to make a valid declaration of trust Fahim will need to have complied with the three
certainties set out in Knight v. Knight (1840) 3 Beav 148.
certainty of intention to create a trust.
certainty of subject matter that clearly identifies the trust property and the benefits of the beneficiaries
certainty of the objects with clear identification of the beneficiaries.
In order to establish intention the court will assess the wording used (Re Adams and Kensington
Vestry (1884) 27 Ch D 394). Fahim has shown his intention by his words hold on trust .
He also clearly identifies his apartment in Poole as the subject matter and that Irfa will benefit from
the entire estate once she turns 21.
The three certainties are met.
S. 53(1)(b) of the Law of Property Act 1925 states that the declaration must be evidenced in signed
writing by the person able to authorise the trust. Fahim has written to Irfa s mother and outlined all
of his intentions in the form of a letter. There is no information on whether Fahim signed the letter
thereby satisfying the requirement.
Summary
The creation of a trust will hinge on whether Fahim signed the letter to Irfa s mother as all other
elements of creating a trust have been satisfied. If there is no signature the property will
Man Haron Monis Case Study
It s too bad to hear that Sydney s head Islamic funeral director claimed Muslim funeral homes have
rejected the body of Man Haron Monis, the Siege gunman. He has recommended to the polity to
throw his body at sea. Monis s body remains at the morgue, and has yet to be claimed. The release
should happen before Christmas, and it s quite bad that funeral directors in Sydney refuse to
accommodate his body for funeral services. According to reports from the Daily Telegraph, the
body will hopefully have a simple funeral sponsored by the Department of Health should his wife
miss to claim it. Amin Sayed, the Lebanese Muslim Association funeral director, said they don t care
for his body, as they hardly know him, and that they have totally abandon
The Tragedy Of Othello By William Shakespeare
Amila Dzananovic
Communication Arts 2 Hr
16 December 2014
Othello Essay
The Tragedy of Othello
The renowned play of Othello was written by William Shakespeare in the 17th century. The drama
follows the life of Othello, a well respected and admired Venetian general, and the lie he gets tangled
up in. Othello is deceived by his trustworthy friend, Iago, who confidently convinces Othello that
his honest wife, Desdemona, committed infidelity upon him with his honorable lieutenant, Cassio.
At the start, Othello doesn t quite believe Iago because he knew his wife would never do such a
thing. Although, as the play progresses so does Othello s trust in Iago. The audience is able to
witness Othello s mental deterioration and Iago s personal motive for the deception. Towards the
end of the tragic play Othello confronts his wife and mistakenly smothers her. Everything starts to
fall into place, but not exactly the way Iago had in mind. Othello would be considered a tragic hero
due to the fact that he had his entire life ahead of him, but it unfortunately falls apart because of his
easy to manipulate personality, insecurities, and emotional vulnerabilities. In spite of the fact that
Othello is brave and courageous, he still seems to show qualities of a malleable person. Othello is
extremely easy to persuade and manipulate. Even though he tries to fight against the manipulation it
still seems to gravitate towards him. When Iago told Othello the truth about Cassio and Desdemona,
Differences in Relationships Between Western and...
Differences in Relationships Between Western and Non Western Cultures
Most of the research on interpersonal attraction has been carried out in Western societies, especially
the United Kingdom and United States. This limitation is very important as it argues that the
behaviour and communication need to be understood within the context in which they occur, and
this context considerably differs from one culture to another. Therefore we can readily accept that
there are large differences in interpersonal relationships between cultures.
Its quite easy to assume that what is true in our own culture about interpersonal attraction is likely to
be true in other cultures as well. However, the factors ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, this is contrary to some conclusions made by psychologist studying socio biology that
have found that most men of most cultures find the hour glass shape attractive as it is shows a
woman to be fertile. One consistency has been found cross culturally. David Buss (1994) found that
men tend to value physical attractiveness and favour a younger partner, whereas women prefer status
and favour an older partner. This is all consistent with the theory of socio biology.
In North America and Western Europe homosexuality is generally accepted, however, in some
countries it is illegal. In East Bay, Melanesia, it is encouraged to the extent that during
adolescence a father will choose an older male partner for his son to educate him in sexual
techniques (Davenport 1965). In most of North America and Western Europe, it is believed that
women have the same right to derive pleasure from sex as men, but the Chiricahua Apache
Indians believe it is wrong for women to show and emotion before or during sexual activities (Ford
and Beach 1951). Men from a village in Mexico try to avoid arousing their wife because they believe
a sexually passive wife is more likely to remain faithful (Lewis 1960).
There are even major differences in love between cultures. Lee (1973) developed six styles of love;
game playing (Ludus), possessive (Mania), logical (Pragma), altruistic
President Vs. British Prime Minister
In times of peace and in times of peril, great leaders experience the highs and lows of their office,
and are eternally judged through the microscope of history. Although both icons play a similar role
in the executive leadership in government of their country, there are several differences which
separate the President of the United Statesand the British Prime Minister.
The President is directly elected by the people every four years through the electoral college. The
candidate that acquires the greatest amount of votes claims the presidency and is allowed to serve
up to two, four year terms. Unlike the President, the Prime Minister is elected by the majority
party to which he/she belongs and is officially appointed by the Monarch. A Prime Minister is
elected every five years, but there is no limit to how many terms they are able to lead their
respective party and lead their nation in their role as Prime Minister.
Another difference between the United States President and British Prime Minister is that the
President derives his powers from the Constitution of the United States of America, while the Prime
Minister derives his powers from constitutional conventions. This means that even though the United
Kingdom does not have a single, written constitution, there is a collection of rules that have ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This means that he is not able to guide the course of the legislature and is not a member of
Congress. Different to the United States Presidency, the British Prime Minister shares his executive
power with the Monarch. Since there is shared power, the Prime Minister is the head of government
while the Monarch is the head of state. The Prime Minister is a part of both the legislative and
executive branches, which gives him the right to the position of leader of the House. The Prime
Minister also has the authority to participate in the proceedings for
Benefits of Using the Phonics Method to Teach Children to...
The more that you read, the more things you will know. The more that you learn the more places
you ll go. This quote by Dr. Seuss explains the importance of reading. Knowing how to read is very
important to be successful in life. In 2009,a nationwide study by the National Center for Educational
Statistics recorded that sixty seven percent of 4th grade students, seventy five percent of 8th grade
students, and seventy four percent of 12th grade students were not readingat a proficient level. This
will cause many problems as the child progresses through life and later on to adulthood. According
to the National assessment of Adult Literacy (NAAL), forty three percent read at the lowest 2
literacy level ( Who Needs Phonics). They will... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A few of the educational resources that heavily use phonics is Huntington and Sylvan learning
center. The most well known resource is, Hooked on Phonics. Hooked on Phonics is recommended
by over ninety percent of their costumer (Http://learntoread.hookedonphonics.com/why_it_works
/homeschooling). Majority of the customers who endorse this program had significant results. Thus
phonics is a proven and dependable mechanism for young readers. The phonics method is also great
for the economy. Nebraska Sen. requested the U.S department to examine the reading programs in
schools and the outcome was astounding. Out of fifteen phonics centered reading programs
examined, the average cost per student is $30.34 opposed to the whole language approach which
cost $214.53 per student ( Whole Language vs. Phonics ). Also the at home programs like Hooked
on Phonics, are inexpensive too. As stated before, whole language advocates believe words should
be read as a whole instead of breaking the word down, then reading it as a whole word because that
is how proficient readers recognize words (Rayner et al.). Although that isn t how the brain
distinguishes words. There are three parts of the brain that help read words. The temporal lobe,
frontal lobe, and the angular supramarginal gyrus all act together simultaneously in the reading
process. The temporal lobe is in control of
Superheroes In The Scavengers
American people, no matter who they are, whether they are rich, famous, intelligent or just an
ordinary person, they all share certain values and assumptions because they grow up in one
particular country, the U.S. Most American people are familiar with superheroes who are always
protagonists and like to help others, these heroes also show their own values and assumptions in the
movie, drama, novel, especially in The Avengers. In the movie The Avengers, Iron Man, one of six
superheroes, displays the best values and assumptions that discussed in Althen s article by expressing
individualism, privacy, directness and assertiveness, and time. Iron Man perfectly exposes the
individualism in his actions and speeches while other superheroes do not.... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Iron Man tells directly to Bruce Banner what he thinks about Banner s experiment, which later
turns to a monster, Hulk. For example, after greeting Banner, Iron Man says: Your work on anti
electron collisions is unparalleled. And I m a huge fan of the way you lose control and turn into
an enormous green rage monster. This quotation reveals how Iron Man expresses his thoughts
toward Banner s experiment, whom he has never met before. He explicitly states that Banner s
experiment does not work, which leads to a terrible consequence, a giant green monster, and he
likes the way when Banner loses control and becomes Hulk. Even though it is not really a nice way
for Iron Man to say that, he tells directly to Banner s face. Overall, Iron Man exposes the values and
assumptions in directness and assertiveness when he first talks to Banner how he feels about the
Hulk and Banner s experiment. Moreover, this exhibits how Americans behave in open and direct
ways that discussed in Althen s article. Americans are generally more direct and open than people
from other countries. To them, being honest is more important than preserving harmony in
Plato
The Conditional Acquittal:
On a Supposed Contradiction in Plato s Apology and Crito
Ben Blanks, Lynchburg College
(Editor s note: This essay by Ben Blanks is the winner of the North Award for the best paper in the
2012 Agora. Ben presented an earlier version of this paper at the ACTC Student Conference at
Pepperdine University in Malibu, California, in March, 2011.)
When reading the Apology and the Crito of Plato, one inevitably comes upon a seeming fundamental
contradiction between the two dialogues. The Apology presents readers with a defiant Socrates who
declares in his trial that, if acquitted on the condition that he never philosophize again, he would
continue to practice philosophy in spite of the jury s order to the contrary:
. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Rather, it clears the debate considerably. If the Apology passage is shown to have been made in
defiance of an illegal court procedure, then the Apology passage cannot be taken as evidence of
Socratic support of civil disobedience. Such evidence, coupled with the obedience to law proscribed
in the Crito, allows the supposed contradiction between the two dialogues to be dismissed.
In order to analyze the Apology and the Crito in relation to each other, one must first make an
assumption that has not been proven to any significant extent. One must assume that the Socrates
character within the two dialogues is both consistent and trustworthy in espousing philosophical
arguments. By accepting this assumption, one can evaluate the inconsistencies within the two
Socratic dialogues as if they were a complete, consistent whole. Following such an assumption, one
can examine the philosophy in the Apology in relation to that within the Crito with logical bearing.
In order to understand the seeming contradiction between the two works, one must understand the
passages on which it is based. The defiance passage of the Apology, when interpreted literally, does
indeed seem to contradict the obedience to the state espoused in the
3 Thomas C. Brickhouse and Nicholas D. Smith, Plato s Socrates (Oxford: Oxford University Press,
1994), 145 146.
Blanks 3

Crito. In the passage, Socrates declares that, if given a choice between obeying the
Stereotyping of Jews Essay
In life, there is a common ground on which most every person can relate. At one time or another,
we have all been promoters of or victims of the unremitting nature of stereotypes. According to the
Webster s dictionary, a stereotype is defined as a simplified and standardized conception or image
invested with special meaning and held in common by members of a group. Most stereotypes take
on a negative form and are based on characteristics such as age, gender, race, status, and personal
beliefs. Generally speaking, the greatest problem that arises with stereotypes is that they judge group
of people by the characteristics and actions of their ancestors, rather than on an individual basis.
More often than not, these assumptions will... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Though not all Jews fit the descriptions mentioned above, these were the characteristics used to
discriminate the Jews in the past. When looking at European history, it is easy to identify where the
stereotypes against the Jews first originated. In Medieval Europe, for instance, Jews were limited to
the types of occupations they could hold. They were banned from farming and entering guilds, so
many of them became merchants and money lenders (Singer). Since both these occupations dealt
with the exchange money, dealing loans, setting prices, and charging interest, people began to
stereotype the Jews as scheming merchants who demanded money from their customers, but refuse
to give back the money they owed to others. Since then, the Jews have been popularly
characterized as cheap individuals. Never before in history, however, has stereotyping against the
Jews reached such a climatic level than in Third Reich during World War II. As the German
economy was suffering from the affects of the war, many Germans blamed the Jews for the country
s decline since the Jews held positions in finance, commerce, and the press. When Germany s most
influential leader, Adolf Hitler, came to power in the year 1934, he confirmed that the Jews were the
cause of the depression within the country, proclaiming that the Jews were greedy, evil, cowardly,
and corrupting