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Introduction to
Energy Storage
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Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS)
What is BESS?
BESS sample picture What are Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS)?
A Battery Energy Storage System (BESS), is the industry’s generic
reference name for a collection of equipment that comprise a
system to store energy in batteries and use the energy later when
it is advantageous.
A typical system is comprised of batteries, a battery management
system, an inverter, switchgear, transformer, protection and a
control system.
Often renewable energy sources are combined with a BESS to
store the renewable energy during peak production time and then
the energy is used when it is needed.
Slide 10
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Types of technologies used for energy storage
Energy storage landscape Lithium-Ion batteries main strengths
One battery does not work for all applications.
Lithium-ion is a very versatile product family with many various
chemistries.
Their benefits such as higher energy density and power efficiency,
superior cycle-life, and longer calendar life make this technology
one of the most interesting for various industries, in particular for
Energy Storage Solutions.
Main lithium-ion batteries used for BESS are the Lithium iron
phospate (LFP) and the Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC).
Slide 11
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Energy storage solutions
Value proposition and applications
Value propositions Applications
- Facilitate integration of renewables – Energy shifting
- Leverage time of day generation pricing – Peak shaving
- Support EV penetration with smart charging management and – Frequency regulation, reserve and response
synchronization – Capacity firming
- Increase distributed generation – Spinning reserve
- Provide back-up functionality to ensure power availability in case of grid
outage May also be referred to as:
- Reduce dependency on diesel generators and CO2 emissions – Synchronized charging for e-mobility
– Renewable's integration
- Generate revenue through participation in wholesale energy markets
– Voltage control
- Optimize electricity consumption to reduce electricity bill
– Islanding
- Defer investment for grid upgrades – Black start
- Ensure reliable operation of the grid – Synthetic inertia dynamic response
- Provide power quality support – Forming a microgrid
Slide 12
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Energy Storage Solutions
Applications and benefits
Energy shifting
Energy shifting involves storing electricity for use at a later, pre-
specified time. Typically, these times are during periods of high
demand on the grid. The stored energy is used to reduce the load
on the grid while continuing to meet customer demands. In
addition, energy shifting can be used to arbitrage electricity rates
for C&I customers.
Benefits
- Facilitate integration of renewables
- Leverage time of day generation pricing
- Optimize electricity consumption to reduce electricity bill
- Defer investment for grid upgrades
- Provide power quality support
Slide 13
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Energy Storage Solutions
Applications and benefits
Peak shaving
Peak shaving is similar to energy shifting but is used for the
purpose of reducing peak demand for economy of operation. Peak
shaving installations are often owned by the electricity consumer,
rather than by the utility. The goal is to avoid demand charges
(power fees) and the installation of capacity to supply the peaks of
a highly variable load.
Benefits
- Optimize electricity consumption to reduce electricity bill
- Defer investment for grid upgrades
- Provide power quality support
Slide 14
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Energy Storage Solutions
Applications and benefits
Frequency regulation, reserve and response
The energy storage system is charged or discharged in response
to an increase or decrease, respectively, of grid frequency. This
approach to frequency regulation (fast frequency response) is a
particularly attractive option due to its rapid response time and
emission-free operation.
Benefits
- Generate revenue through participation in wholesale energy
markets
- Facilitate integration of renewables
- Ensure reliable operation of the grid
- Provide power quality support
Slide 15
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Energy Storage Solutions
Applications and benefits
Capacity firming
The variable, intermittent power output from a renewable power
plant, such as wind or solar, can be maintained at a committed
level for a period of time. The energy storage system smooths the
output and controls the ramp rate (MW/min or kW/min) to
eliminate rapid voltage and power swings on the electrical grid.
Benefit
- Facilitate integration of renewables
- Increase distributed generation
- Provide power quality support
Slide 16
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Energy Storage Solutions
Applications and benefits
Spinning reserve
Energy storage systems can respond within milliseconds and supply
power to maintain network continuity while the back-up generator is
started and brought online. This enables generators to work at
optimum power output, without the need to keep idle capacity for
spinning reserves. This eliminates the need to have back-up generators
running idle. To provide effective spinning reserve, the Energy Storage
is maintained at a level of charge ready to respond to a power failure.
Benefit
– Minimizes the impacts from power outages
– Reduces need for generation sources to be online and ready to
use (lower O&M costs as well as emissions)
– Acts as a back-up power source
Slide 17
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Energy Storage
Portfolio
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Portfolio Applications
Cloud IoT
- Monitoring
- ABB AbilityTM
SWITCHGEAR
- Grid Connection
- Islanding mode Upper Level Operator
- Black-start - SCADA
EV Charging
- Peaking capacity
eStorage Flex
- Synchornized charging
HMI
- Local Monitoring
eStorage OS
Distributed Generation
- Wind
- Solar
- Fuel Cells Auxiliaries
- Frequency regulation - A/C
- Fire detection
and suppression
Loads AC SWG Transformer DC SWG Batteries
PCS
- Peak-shaving - Protection - Coupling - Protection - BMS
- Set-points
- Back-up power
Diesel Generators
- Diesel hybird
optimization
EV Fleet
- Fleet management
- Peak Shaving
Slide 19
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FLEX MAX OS
Productized medium- Productized and Standard or highly-
scale storage with scalable energy customizable Energy
integrated grid storage comprised of Management System
connection equipment skidded grid for the whole
in ISO look (10ft, 20ft, connection equipment eStorage family
40ft) and ISO look energy
storage
eStor
ABB AbilityTM Platform
Private Cloud Platform
Grid
Smart and Connected Products
* eStorage trade-mark process ongoing.
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eStorage Flex
All integrated and productized Energy Storage
Plug-and-play: Provides all required batteries,
6 4
power conversion, coupling transformer, safety
7
features, cooling, and protection and controls.
5 Factory tested: Factory built solution
integrates comprehensive safety features that
bring extensive quality control for the highest
3 level of safety and reduce risk by over 90%
2 1 Pre-engineered: Designed with careful equipment
selection, catering for a long lifespan in all
conditions including asset health and
8 management for longest longevity
Digitally enabled: Critical power operations
1 AC Switchgear 5 Battery Racks digitally controlled for fastest response time with
embedded energy management algorythms and
2 Transformer 6 Fire Suppresion
microgrid controller available
3 Power conversion 7 HVAC
4 DC Switchgear 8 eStorage OS
Slide 21
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eStorage Flex
Description eStorage Flex-10 eStorage Flex-20 eStorage Flex-40
Electrical specifications
Maximum Output power (S) 1 85 to 170kVA 350 to 700kVA 960 to 1400kVA
FACT SHEET
Typical Output power (P) 1, 2 80 to 160kW 300 to 630kW 850 to 1300kW
Installed Energy, DC BoL 90 to 230kWh 330 to 770kWh 880 to 1550kWh
Max C-rate <1C
Nominal voltage Low voltage: 400Vac, 480Vac Low voltage: 400Vac, 480Vac Low voltage: 400Vac, 480Vac
Medium voltage: 12,24,36,40.5kV
Frequency 50/60Hz
Power factor range 4-quadrant, 0 to 1
Equipment
Enclosure ABB EcoFlex 10ft ABB EcoFlex 20ft ABB EcoFlex 40ft
Accessibility: Walk-in Accessibility: Walk-in Accessibility: Outdoor operated
City look add-on possibility City look add-on possibility
Power conversion System • Type: ABB PCS100 Cabinet • Type: ABB PCS100 Rack • Type: ABB PCS100 Rack
Applications and features • Operation modes: VSI PQ, VSI Vf, CSI PQ, Islanding,Black-start, Virtual inertia capabilities, Grid code compliance,
VRT, FRT
• Seamless transition from islanding to grid-tied
• Peak shaving, grid support, genset optimization, renewable integration, EV charging infraestructure
Battery system Chemistry: NMC and LFP options
3 level BMS for advance safety and performance (module, rack and system)
EoL AC capacity possible to be estimated and guaranteed based on customer load profile
Transformer type Dry-type integrated within inverter Dry-type or oil-filled Dry-type or oil-filled
cabinet
HVAC Integrated Single unit to keep battery and Integrated split-unit to keep battery and Integrated split-unit to keep battery and
equipment room at controlled equipment room at controlled equipment room at controlled
temperature and humidity temperature and humidity temperature and humidity
Fire fighting Integrated Aerosol type with ATS to prevent a fire external to the batteries to damage them
Protection ABB XT, Tmax series ABB XT, Tmax series, aR fuses ABB XT, Tmax, and Emax series, aR fuses
eStorage OS: Stage 1: Standard offering: fieldbus connectivity for remote monitoring and control. No algorithms are implemented in the OS
Energy management Stage 2: Stage 1 + local HMI for monitoring and control. Different algorithms possibilities for different applications.
Stage 3: Stage 2 + remote connectivity to the cloud.
Add-on for stage 2 and stage 3:
- battery performance guarantee
- artificial intelligence for longer lifetime of the batteries
- microgrid controller
Platform for stage 2 and stage 3: ABB AC500 PLC + ZEE600
Product compliance
Power conversion system IEC 62103, IEC 61000-6-2, UL1741,IEEE1547
Batteries IEC 62619, UL1973, UN 38.3, UL9540A
Transformer IEC 60076
Low-voltage distribution IEC 61439
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eStorage Flex
Reference case - Energy Storage to support EV charging
Block diagram of the Energy Storage eStorage Flex-20 Integrated Energy Storage
– 10 × eStorage Flex-20 with 500 kW / 500 kWh power for several sites ABB CSS HP Chargers
within Europe and the UK ABB UniPack-G Compact Secondary ABB Terra HP chargers up
– Peak shaving application for an EV charging infrastructure Substation featuring the ABB EVSS to 350 kW DC, cloud connected
site controller and low-voltage
– Solution complying with EN50549-1-2 2019 distribution
HPC1 Power
~ Data
= Energy Storage System
SoC
Energy Storage
ABB eStorage
Flex-20 featuring
ABB eStorage OS,
HPC2 EMS
cloud connected
~
=
Slide 23
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eStorage Max
From modular solution design to real installation
Battery enclosure
Step-up 2
2
1 Transformer
MV Switchgear on skid
on skid
Bi-directional 2
Inverters Battery enclosure
on skid
Alternative designs
Slide 24
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eStorage Max
Reference case 20MW/20MWh – Frequency Regulation
Single Line Diagram BOM
▪ Modular design to meet the customer requirement
▪ Pre-engineered solution reduce engineering time
#1 ESM Block type (Skid + eHouse 40ft)
Application Frequency Regulation
Grid Main Tr. eHouse
Power 20MW at POI (grid connection point)
Energy 20MWh, 1C at POI
#2 Dist. Transformer 3 winding, 13.8/0.69kV, 4.5MVA
Main Transformer 13.8/230kV, 27MVA
Grid connection 230kV
Voltage
HVAC 20RT
#6
Fire Fighting NOVEC
Slide 25
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eStorage MAX – Plant Layout
Reference case 20MW/20MWh – Frequency Regulation
1. Battery Enclosure
2. Converter Skid
3. eHouse
4. Power Transformer
5. HV Switchyard
Slide 26
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eStorage OS
Variant 1
Secure connectivity
to 3rd party
system/controller
eStorage Flex
eStorage OS
CP600 Touch AC panel
AC500 EAU panel
Fieldbus connectivity eStorage controller
with integrated .
DC panel
monitoring and
protection for external
control.
Energy
Fire suppression PCS100 HVAC BMS meter
system ESS
MNS (Emax2) SafeRing
(REF615 + RIO600)
Slide 27
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eStorage OS
Variant 2
eStorage Flex
eStorage OS
AC panel
On-premise energy DC panel
ZEE600
GPS Time
management system
server
.
AC500 EAU
with integrated HMI and eStorage controller
smart algorythms for
optimal performance.
PCS100 BMS HVAC Energy
ESS meter
Fire suppression
system
MNS (Emax2) SafeRing
(REF615+RIO600)
Slide 28
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eStorage OS ABB Ability
Cloud
Private Cloud/
Remote system
Variant 3
eStorage Flex
eStorage OS
AC500 eCo
On-premise energy
AC panel Ability
Edge GW Edge GW
management system ZEE600 GPS Time
with advanced cloud DC panel
.
server
connectivity and AC500 EAU
eStorage OS
Central/unit
(microgrid)
To multiple
microgrid possibilities. microgrid controller
PCS100 BMS HVAC Energy
ESS meter
Fire suppression
system
MNS (Emax2) SafeRing
(REF615+RIO600)
Slide 29
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eStorage OS ABB Ability
Cloud
Customer
Cloud
3rd party
services
Variant 4 - Microgrid Asset, Energy, Fleet Service Prognosis
Management
Cloud
Optimizer
ABB ZEE600 SCADA Load forecasting +
Level 3 microgrid control Energy Optimization
(On-premises SCADA,
optimization, Edge – Ability AC500 eCo
Cloud connectivity) Edge GW Edge GW
Setpoints Data transfer
Level 2 microgrid control
AC800/AC500 central
Real time communication
(Process Controller for
microgrid controller
real-time power
management, grid
On-premises
services) Power generation
Data transfer Auto Raise/Lower
setpoints Command execution
Level 1 microgrid
monitoring and control
(PLC/Process controller,
Protection relays,
Tariff / energy AC500 unit Inverters, Energy Storage Governor/AVR Relion
metering, unit control for Emax2, Tmax XT, Ekip Up
meter microgrid controller PCS100/PCS120
DERs)
Measure Field commands
Asset/field equipment
(DER, Grid, Power
Distribution, EV
Infrastructure)
Solar Fuel Cells DG, GTG Power HVAC EV Charging Utility grid
Wind
distribution
Slide 30
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Q&A
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