Bearing Design
Roller Bearings
Bearing Design
Journal Bearings
Bearing Design
Bearings
Radial bearing Thrust bearing
Bearing Design
Sliding contact bearing
Applications
• Crankshaft bearings
• Centrifugal pumps
• Large size electric motors
• Steam & gas turbines
• Rope conveyers
• Marine installations
Sliding bearing also called as Plain / Sleeve / Journal bearing
Bearing Design
Rolling contact bearing
Applications
• M/c tool spindles
• Automobile axles
• Gear boxes
• Small size electric motors
• Crane hooks
• Hoisting drums
Rolling contact bearing (or) antifriction bearing: a misnomer
Bearing Design
Bearing design involves
• Fatigue loading
• Friction and heat
• Corrosion resistant
• Kinematic problems
• Material properties
• Lubrication
• Machining tolerance
• Assembly and use
• cost
Bearing Design
Rolling contact bearings
Bearing Design
Rolling contact bearings
Bearing Design
Rolling contact bearing types
Bearing Design
Rolling contact bearing types
Bearing Design
Static Load carrying capacity
• Static load which corresponds to a total permanent
deformation of balls and races, at the most heavily stressed
point of contact, equal to 0.0001 of the ball diameter
Bearing Design
Stribeck’s Equation for static load
Equilibrium equation
Bearing Design
Stribeck’s Equation
Using Hertz’s equation
Bearing Design
Stribeck’s Equation
In a similar way
where
Taking z as no of balls,
Bearing Design
The values of Z and M and their ratio
As Z/M is almost constant
From experiments, where k is fn. of E and radius of curvature
Stribeck’s Equation
Bearing Design
Life of individual ball bearing
• Number of revolutions, which the bearing runs before the
first evidence of fatigue crack in balls or races.
The rating life of group of identical ball bearings
• Number of revolutions that 90% of the bearings will
complete or exceed before the first evidence of fatigue
crack (L10 life)
Dynamic Load carrying capacity
• Radial/thrust load in the bearing that can be carried for a
minimum life of one million revolutions
Bearing Design
Equivalent Dynamic Load
• The equivalent dynamic load is the constant radial ( or
thrust load) in radial (or thrust) bearings, which if applied
to the bearing would give the same life as if the bearing is
put under actual conditions of force.
X & Y are radial and thrust factors to be taken from catalogue
V is 1 if inner race rotates and outer race is fixed, otherwise 1.2
Bearing Design
In general inner race rotates, then
Equivalent Dynamic Load
Under pure radial load,
Under pure axial load,
Bearing Design/Selection
Load – Life Relationship
The relationship among dynamic load carrying capacity,
equivalent dynamic load, bearing life.
Bearing Design/Selection
Rearranging
The life in million revolutions and life in working hours
Bearing Design/Selection
Bearing Design/Selection
Selection of bearing life
If rpm is not constant, life is in Million rev.
Bearing Design/Selection
Selection of bearing life
If rpm is almost constant, life is in hours
Bearing Design/Selection
Load factor Applications involving gear, chain, belt drives
Bearing Design/Selection
Selection of Bearing from Manufacturer’s catalogue
Procedure
• Calculate the radial and axial forces on the bearing and
determine the diameter of the shaft
• Select type of bearing for the given application
• First choose a suitable bearing (Table 15.5) and get the Co
Value.
• Determine the Values of X and Y , using the Table (Table
15.4)
Contd…
Bearing Design/Selection
Selection of Bearing from Manufacturer’s catalogue
• Calculate the equivalent dynamic load from
• Make a decision about the bearing life in Million cycles L10
• Find the dynamic load capacity using
• Check if the selected bearing has the sufficient dynamic
capacity. If not, go to the next series and repeat the procedure
Bearing Design/Selection
First choose the bearing from next slide, then come here with Co
Bearing Design/Selection
Bearing Design/Selection
Bearing Design/Selection
Bearing Design/Selection
Bearing Design/Selection
Bearing Design/Selection
Selected bearing is:
Bearing Design/Selection
Bearing specification, SKF bearing
First two digits (from right to left) denote the diameter/5
Hence, the dia of shaft is 35 mm
Third digit denotes to the series of bearing
The Fourth or sometimes fifth digits denote to the type of
rolling contact bearing; for instance, 6 means deep groove
ball bearing
Bearing Design/Selection
Bearing Design/Selection
Bearing Design/Selection
Bearing reaction in the radial direction
Bearing Design/Selection
Bearing Design/Selection
Design for cyclic loads and speeds
Ball bearings are subjected to different loads at different speeds;
for instance,
Bearing Design/Selection
Design for cyclic loads and speeds
Let P1, P2, … be the loads at N1, N2, … speeds respectively
Life corresponding to load P1
In one cycle, the life consumed =
The life consumed for N1 cycles,
The life consumed for N2 cycles,
Bearing Design/Selection
Life consumed for all cycles
Same Life consumed for an equivalent load
Equating above two equations
The equivalent load, if the
load is constant during the
each cycle of speed
Bearing Design/Selection
The equivalent load, if the load keeps changing during each cycle
Bearing Design/Selection
Bearing Design/Selection
For Part I
Refer next slide
Bearing Design/Selection
Bearing Design/Selection
revolutions
For Part II
Refer previous slide
Bearing Design/Selection
Total revolutions in one cycle (30 sec)
Total revolutions in a minute
Bearing Design/Selection
Bearing life
Bearing Design/Selection
Bearing life with a probability other than 90%
Reliability
Reliability taken from manufacturer’s catalogue is 0.9
Bearing Design/Selection
Bearing life with a probability other than 90%
Reliability : Wiebull distribution
Bearing Design/Selection
Bearing life with a probability other than 90%
Reliability : Wiebull distribution
R = Reliability, L = Corresponding life, a, b = constants
Rearranging
For rated life
Bearing Design/Selection
Bearing life with a probability other than 90%
Dividing above two equations
where
Bearing Design/Selection
Bearing Design/Selection
Step 1: Equivalent load for complete cycle
Bearing Design/Selection
For First gear
Bearing Design/Selection
Similarly
Bearing rated life
Bearing Design/Selection
Given life
Reliability
Bearing Design/Selection
Substituting
Reliability
