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IP Exchange

Indian Railways has transitioned from traditional circuit-switched telephone networks to an IP-based Next-Generation Network (NGN) to improve voice communication efficiency. This shift, initiated in 2009 and guided by Telecom Circulars in 2012 and 2015, allows for the convergence of voice, data, and video services over a single network using VoIP technology. The document also discusses the limitations of IPv4 and the need for the adoption of IPv6 due to address depletion.

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39 views1 page

IP Exchange

Indian Railways has transitioned from traditional circuit-switched telephone networks to an IP-based Next-Generation Network (NGN) to improve voice communication efficiency. This shift, initiated in 2009 and guided by Telecom Circulars in 2012 and 2015, allows for the convergence of voice, data, and video services over a single network using VoIP technology. The document also discusses the limitations of IPv4 and the need for the adoption of IPv6 due to address depletion.

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ranjitrogers522
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IP Exchange

Indian Railways uses its own Telecommunication network to fulfill its voice communication
requirement between zonal headquarters, divisions and other railway units. It also has its own
STD codes for intra exchange routing of calls. Over the years, the conventional Railway
telephone networks (RTN) are being used for this purpose. These are circuit switched and
deliver voice over a dedicated line between the two destinations through which voice travels.
The line remains occupied during the entire duration of the call. As a result, other calls cannot
utilize this channel during this period of the existing call. The channel remains occupied not
only during the actual conversation but also during periods of pause during conversation.
Thus, this system is not very efficient. Besides this, it also needs dedicated infrastructure from
end-to-end.

In view of this, Indian Railways shifted its core voice network to IP by implementing NGN
(Next-Generation Network) in 2009 using the MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching)
infrastructure of RailTel Corporation of India Limited (RCIL) and most of the main
exchanges of Indian Railways were interconnected through NGN by then. Next-generation
networks with IP based Telephone Exchanges allow convergence of different network
architectures.

With the increased use of data networks on Indian Railways and VoIP becoming a familiar
technology, Railway Board issued guidelines in 2012 (vide Telecom Circular No. 12/ 2012)
carving a path for full migration of RTN on VoIP based technology. The instructions have
since been modified in the year 2015 to facilitate Railways in this migration. Many of the
Railways have installed VoIP exchanges and rest are also gradually shifting from the
conventional EPABX exchanges with the VoIP exchanges to reap the benefits of the new
technology.

Next-generation networks with IP based Telephone Exchanges allow convergence of different


network architectures. The frontrunner of this convergence includes SIP (Session Initiation
Protocol) making it possible for all three services- voice, data and video to flow over the same
network. Soft-switch is the key component of Telephone Exchange network and is designed
to replace traditional hardware telephone switches by serving as gateways between telephone
networks.
IPv4 vs. IPv6
The fourth version of IP (IPv4 for short) was introduced in 1983. However, just as there are
only so many possible permutations for automobile license plate numbers and they have to be
reformatted periodically, the supply of available IPv4 addresses has become depleted. IPv6
addresses have many more characters and thus more permutations; however, IPv6 is not yet
completely adopted, and most domains and devices still have IPv4 addresses

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