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Brain Structure

The human brain is a complex organ consisting of the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem, responsible for coordinating movement, senses, emotions, and cognitive processes. The cerebrum handles higher-level functions, the cerebellum coordinates movement and balance, and the brainstem regulates essential life functions. Additional structures like the thalamus, hypothalamus, and limbic system support sensory processing, motor control, cognitive functions, emotional regulation, and homeostasis.

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Faiza Yasmeen
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15 views5 pages

Brain Structure

The human brain is a complex organ consisting of the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem, responsible for coordinating movement, senses, emotions, and cognitive processes. The cerebrum handles higher-level functions, the cerebellum coordinates movement and balance, and the brainstem regulates essential life functions. Additional structures like the thalamus, hypothalamus, and limbic system support sensory processing, motor control, cognitive functions, emotional regulation, and homeostasis.

Uploaded by

Faiza Yasmeen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Q: Discuss structure and function of brain?

Answer:

The human brain, the body's control center, is a

complex organ composed of three main parts: the

cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem. It coordinates

and regulates various functions, including

movement, senses, emotions, and higher-level

cognitive processes.

1. Cerebrum:

The largest part of the brain, divided into two

hemispheres (left and right).

Responsible for higher-level functions like


interpreting senses (sight, sound, touch), language,

reasoning, emotions, learning, and fine motor control,

according to Johns Hopkins Medicine.

The surface is folded into ridges (gyri) and valleys

(sulci), with deep valleys called fissures.

The outer layer is the cerebral cortex (gray matter),

and the inner part is the white matter.

2. Cerebellum:

Located at the back of the brain, below the cerebrum.

Primarily involved in coordinating movement,

posture, and balance.

Also contributes to fine motor skills and


coordination.

3. Brainstem:

Connects the cerebrum and cerebellum to the spinal

cord.

Contains the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.

Regulates essential functions like breathing, heart

rate, sleep-wake cycles, and blood pressure.

Also involved in reflexes and certain sensory

pathways.

Other Important Structures:

Thalamus: Relays sensory and motor information to

the cerebrum.
Hypothalamus: Connects the nervous system to the

pituitary gland, controlling hormones, and regulating

body temperature, hunger, thirst, and sleep.

Limbic System: Involved in emotions, memory, and

motivation.

Functions of the Brain:

Sensory Processing: Interprets information from our

senses (sight, sound, touch, smell, taste).

Motor Control: Initiates and coordinates voluntary

movements and maintains posture and balance.

Cognitive Functions: Enables thinking, reasoning,

problem-solving, language, and learning.


Emotional Regulation: Processes and regulates

emotions.

Homeostasis: Maintains internal stability, including

body temperature, heart rate, and breathing.

Memory and Learning: Forms and retrieves

memories, and enables learning new skills.

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