Date: 18.04.

2025

Live MCQTM
বিবিএি, ি্যাংক ও অন্্যন্্ িরকযরী চযকুবরর প্রস্তুবি

English Wizard
Lecture: 32

Topic: Sentences & Transformation. [Part 3]

Mentor:
Ema Halima
38 BCS (General Education Cadre)
th

Lecturer
English Department
Cumilla Victoria Govt. College
 Class Overview
• Affirmative to Negative
• Assertive to Interrogative
• Exclamatory to Assertive
• Assertive to Exclamatory

Affirmative to Negative

Rule -1: Affirmative ev‡K¨ only/ alone/ merely _vK‡j negative ev‡K¨ Zv cwiewZ©Z n‡q
none but (e¨w³i †ÿ‡Î) Ges nothing but (e¯‘i †ÿ‡Î) n‡e| Avevi only / alone/ merely
Øviv msL¨v †evSv‡j Zv cwiewZ©Z n‡q not more than A_ev not less than em‡e|
Example:
Aff: A child likes sweets.
Neg: A child likes nothing but sweets.
Aff: Only he can solve the problem.
Neg: None he but can solve the problem.
Aff: Only proper education can save this nation.
Neg: Nothing but proper education can save this nation.
Aff: He is only twelve years old.
Neg: He is not more than twelve years old.
Or, He is not less than twelve years old.

Rule -2: Affirmative ev‡K¨ must _vK‡j negative ev‡K¨ Zv cwiewZ©Z n‡q cannot but +v
(present form) A_ev cannot help + v (ing) n‡e|

Example:

Aff: We must obey our teachers.

Neg: We cannot but obey our teachers.
Or, we cannot help obeying our teachers.

Rule- 3: Affirmative ev‡K¨ and Øviv hw` `ywU kã ev word hy³ nq Zvn‡j negative ev‡K¨ Zv
cwiewZ©Z n‡q not only – but also n‡e|
Example:
Aff: He is weak in English and Mathematics.
Neg: He is weak not only in English but also in Mathematics.
Aff: She is polite and gentle.
Neg: She is not only but also gentle.
Rule- 4: Affirmative ev‡K¨ everyone/ everybody/ every person (every +
common noun) Ges all _vK‡j negative ev‡K¨ every cwiewZ©Z n‡q there is no em‡e +
every/ all Gi mv‡_ hy³ common noun wU †hgb one/ body/ person/ people/
mother/ boy BZ¨vw`) em‡e + but em‡e + g~j sentence Gi evKx Ask e‡m|

Example:
Aff: Every mother loves her child.
Neg: There is no mother but loves her child.
Aff: Everybody wants to be great person.
Neg: There is nobody but wants to be a great person.
Rule-5: Affirmative ev‡K¨ as soon as _vK‡j negative ev‡K¨ Zv cwiewZ©Z n‡q no
sooner had --- than e‡m|

Example:
Aff: As soon as the thief saw the police, he ran away.
Neg: No sooner had the thief seen the police than he ran away.
Aff: As soon as he completed the work, he got promotion.
Neg: No sooner had he completed work than he got promotion.

Rule-6: Superlative degree hy³ Affirmative sentence ‡K Negative sentence –

G iƒcvšÍ‡ii wbqg: No other + superlative Gi c‡i Ask + verb + so/as + superlative
degree Gi positive form + as+ D‡jøwLZ sentence wUi subject.

Example:
Aff: Dhaka is the biggest city in Bangladesh.
Neg: No other city in Bangladesh is as big as Dhaka.
Aff: He is tallest boy in the class.
Neg: No other boy in the class is as tall as he.

Rule-7: Affirmative ev‡K¨ always _vK‡j negative G iƒcvšÍ‡ii mgq always Gi cwie‡Z©
never e‡m Ges Affirmative kãwU wecixZ kã e‡m|

Example:
Aff: We always attend the class.
Neg: We never miss the class.
Aff: Rahim was always punctual.
Neg: Rahim was never late.

Rule-8: Too --- to hy³ affirmative sentence ‡K negative G iƒcvšÍ‡ii mgq Too --- to
Gi cwie‡Z© so – that + cannot / could not (tense Abyhvqx) e‡m + cÖ`Ë g~j sentence Gi
g~j verb Gi base form e‡m|
Example:
Aff: He is too weak to walk.
Neg: He is so weak that he cannot walk.
Aff: He was too poor to buy a ticket.
Neg: He was so poor that he could not buy a ticket.

Rule-9: Universal truth ev wPišÍb mZ¨ A_©hy³ Affirmative ev‡K¨†K negative G iƒcvšÍ‡ii
Rb¨ Affirmative ev‡K¨wU‡K negative interrogative G iƒcvšÍi Ki‡Z nq|
Example:
Aff: Man is mortal.
Neg: Isn’t man mortal?
Aff: The sun rises in the East.
Neg: Doesn’t the sun rise in the East?

Assertive to Interrogative

Rule-1: mvnvh¨Kvix verb /be verb (am / is / are/ was/ were/ have/ has/ had/ shall/
will/ should/ world BZ¨vw`) hy³ assertive sentence ‡K b Interrogative sentence
- G iƒcvšÍi Ki‡Z Ki‡Z n‡j assertive sentence wU‡K Negative Interrogative
Sentence G iƒcvšÍi Ki‡Z nq|

Example:
Ass: He was very kind.
Inter: Wasn’t he very kind?
Ass: We can do the work.
Inter: Can’t we do the work?
Note: Assertive sentence wU hw` Negative nq Zvn‡j Interrogative G iƒcvšÍi Kivi mgq
Negative word wU D‡V hvq|

Example:
Ass: The are not good players.
Inter: Are they good players?
Ass: You are not an honest man.
Inter: Are you an honest man?
Rule-2: Assertive sentence – G never _vK‡j Interrogative G iƒcvšÍ‡ii mgq Zv
cwiewZZ© n‡q ever nq Ges nothing _vK‡j Zv cwiewZ©Z n‡q anything nq|
Example:
Ass: I never drink coffee.
Inter: Do I ever drink coffee?
Ass: We have nothing to do.
Inter: Have we anything to do?
Rule-3: Assertive sentence G everyone/ everybody/ all _vK‡j Interrogative G
iƒcvšÍ‡ii mgq cÖ_g who e‡m + don’t /doesn’t / didn’t e‡m + g~j verb Gi present form
e‡m + evKx Ask +? |

Example:
Ass: Everybody hates a liar.
Inter: Who does not hate a liar?
Ass: Everyone wants to be successful in life.
Inter: Who doesn’t want to be successful in life?
Ass: Everybody loves an honest man.
Inter: Who doesn’t love an honest man?

Rule-4: assertive sentence G Nobody/none/ no one _vK‡j Interrogative G

iƒcvšÍ‡ii mgq G‡`i cwie‡Z© who e‡m |
Example:
Ass: None could save you from this danger.
Inter: Who could save you from this danger?
Ass: Nobody can achieve success without hard work.
Inter: Who can achieve success without hard work?

Exclamatory to Assertive

Rule-1: Exclamatory sentence ‡K Assertive sentence G iƒcvšÍ‡ii wbqg : sub +

verb + (a/an cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx) + very (adjective – Gi c~‡e©) / great (noun Gi
c~‡e©) + evKx Ask|
Example:
Excl: How fortunate you are!
Ass: You are very fortunate.
Excl: What a fool he is!
Ass: He is a great fool.
Excl: What a nice place it is!
Ass: It is a very nice place.
Rule-2: Hurrah/ Bravo hy³ Exclamatory sentence ‡K Assertive G iƒcvšÍ‡ii Ki‡Z
n‡j Hurrah/ Bravo Gi cwie‡Z© I / we rejoice that A_ev it is a matter of joy that
e‡m|
Example:
Excl: Hurrah! We have won the game.
Ass: It is a matter of joy that we have won the game.
Rule-3: Alas hy³ Exclamatory sentence ‡K Assertive sentence G iƒcvšÍ‡ii mgq
Alas Gi cwie‡Z© it is a matter of sorrow or grief A_ev I / we mourn that e‡m|

Example:
Excl: Alas! He has failed in the exam.
Ass: It is a matter of sorrow that he has failed in the exam.
Excl: Alas! We have lost our way.
Ass: we mourn that we have lost our way.

Rule-4: Exclamatory sentence Gi ïiæ‡Z Had/were/ If _vK‡j Assertive G iƒcvšÍ‡ii

mgq Had/were/ If Gi cwie‡Z© sub+ wish e‡m + sub - wU c~bviq e‡m + Had/were e‡m +
evKx Ask|
Example:
Excl: Had I the wings of a bird!
Ass: I wish I had the wings of a bird.
Excl: Were I a king!
Ass: I wish were a king.
Excl: if I were you!
Ass: I wish I were you.
Rule-5: Exclamatory sentence G would that _vK‡j Assertive G iƒcvšÍ‡ii mgq
would that D‡V wM‡q sub e‡m Zvici wish e‡m Ges Gici would that Gi cieZ©x Ask emv‡Z
nq|
Example:
Excl: Would that I could go to Brazil!
Ass: I wish I could go to Brazil.
Excl: Would that I could eradicate poverty.
Ass: I wish I could eradicate poverty.

Assertive to Exclamatory

Rule1: mvaviYZ Assertive sentence ‡K wb‡Pi wbqg Abyhvqx Exclamatory sentence G

iƒcvšÍi nq -ïiæ‡Z what (a/an) how+ adjective+ subject + verb evKx Ask (hw` _v‡K) +
(!) we¯§qm~PK wPý e‡m|
Example:
Ass: It is an exciting novel.
Excl: what an exciting novel it is!
Ass: It was a good journey.
Excl: what a good journey it was!
Or, how good the journey was!

The END