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Circular Motion Complete Note

Circular motion refers to the movement of an object along a circular path, with uniform circular motion occurring at constant speed despite changing velocity. Key concepts include centripetal force, which keeps the object in circular motion, and centripetal acceleration, which changes the direction of velocity. Additional topics covered include centrifugal force, angular speed, and practical examples of circular motion.

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19 views2 pages

Circular Motion Complete Note

Circular motion refers to the movement of an object along a circular path, with uniform circular motion occurring at constant speed despite changing velocity. Key concepts include centripetal force, which keeps the object in circular motion, and centripetal acceleration, which changes the direction of velocity. Additional topics covered include centrifugal force, angular speed, and practical examples of circular motion.

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yauidris366
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CIRCULAR MOTION

Circular motion is the movement of an object along the circumference of a circle or along a
circular path. The direction of the object's motion continuously changes, even if the speed
remains constant.

Uniform Circular Motion


Uniform circular motion occurs when an object moves in a circle at a constant speed.
Although the speed is constant, the velocity changes because the direction of motion
changes continuously.

Centripetal Force
Centripetal force is the inward force that acts on an object moving in a circular path. It is
required to keep the object moving in a circle.

Formula:
F = (mv²)/r
Where:
- F = centripetal force (N)
- m = mass of the object (kg)
- v = linear speed (m/s)
- r = radius of the circle (m)

Centripetal Acceleration
Centripetal acceleration is the acceleration directed toward the center of a circular path. It
is responsible for changing the direction of velocity.

Formula:
a = v² / r
Where:
- a = centripetal acceleration (m/s²)
- v = velocity (m/s)
- r = radius of the circle (m)

Centrifugal Force
Centrifugal force is the outward force experienced by an object moving in a circular path,
observed from a rotating reference frame. It is not a real force but a result of inertia.
Angular Speed and Angular Velocity
Angular speed (ω) is the rate of change of angular displacement, while angular velocity also
includes direction.

Formula:
ω=θ/t
Where:
- ω = angular speed (rad/s)
- θ = angular displacement (radians)
- t = time (s)

Relation with linear velocity:


v = rω
Where:
- v = linear velocity (m/s)
- r = radius (m)
- ω = angular speed (rad/s)

Examples of Circular Motion


- A satellite orbiting the Earth
- A stone tied to a string and swung in a circle
- A car turning around a curve
- The blades of a ceiling fan
- The motion of electrons around the nucleus

Sample Calculations
Proble 1:

A 5 kg object moves in a circle of radius 2 m with a speed of 4 m/s. Calculate the centripetal
force.

Solution:
F = (mv²)/r = (5 × 4²)/2 = (5 × 16)/2 = 80/2 = 40 N

Problem 2:

If an object rotates at 2 rad/s and is at a distance of 3 m from the center, calculate its linear
speed.

Solution:
v = rω = 3 × 2 = 6 m/s

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