Chapter 2:Lines and Angles
1. Point:
A point marks a precise location but has no length, breadth, or height. It is
denoted by a capital letter (e.g., Point A, Point B).
2. Line Segment:
The shortest path between two points, having two endpoints. It is denoted by
its endpoints (e.g., AB or BA).
3. Line:
A line is formed when a line segment is extended infinitely in both directions.
It can be denoted by the endpoints (AB) or a lowercase letter (l).
4. Ray:
A ray starts from a point and extends endlessly in one direction. Denoted by its
starting point and another point on its path (e.g., Ray AB).
5. Angle:
An angle is formed when two rays start from a common point called the vertex.
The size of an angle is determined by the rotation between its rays. It is named
using three points (e.g., ∠ABC, where B is the vertex).
6.Bisecting the angle
The process of getting half of a given angle is called bisecting the angle.
7.Angle bisector
The line that bisects a given angle is called the angle bisector of the angle.
8.Equal Angles:
Two angles are equal when their arms perfectly align after superimposition.
This means the rotation required to move one ray to the other is the same for
both angles.
Example:
Consider angles ∠AOB and ∠XOY. If their arms and vertices overlap
perfectly, they are equal in size
Types of Angles:
1. Acute Angle:
An acute angle is less than 90° but greater than 0°.
Example: 40°, 50°, etc.
2. Right Angle:
A right angle is exactly 90°.
It looks like the corner of a square or rectangle.
3. Obtuse Angle:
An obtuse angle is greater than 90° but less than 180°.
Example: 110°, 130°, etc.
4. Straight Angle:
A straight angle measures exactly 180°.
It forms a straight line.
5. Reflex Angle:
A reflex angle is greater than 180° but less than 360°.
Example: 220°, 300°, etc.
Drawing a 30° angle using a protractor:
1. Draw the Base:
Start by drawing a straight line and label the points I and N. This is the base,
IN.
2. Position the Protractor:
Place the protractor’s center at point I. Align the base IN with the zero mark on
the protractor.
3. Mark 30°:
From the zero mark, count up to 30° on the protractor. Mark a point at 30° and
label it T.
4. Draw the Angle:
Using a ruler, connect I and T. You have now created the angle ∠TIN = 30°.
Angle Measurement:
• Angles are measured in degrees (°).
• A full circle is divided into 360 equal parts, and each part is called 1 degree (1°).
Full Turn:
• A full turn (complete circle) measures 360°.
Straight Angle:
• A straight angle is half of a full turn, so it measures 180°.
Right Angle:
• A right angle is half of a straight angle, measuring 90°.
One Mark questions
1. An angle smaller than the right angle is called an acute angle.
2. A Straight angle measures 180 degrees.
3. A ray is a part of a line that has one end point and extends infinitely in one direction.
4. Two lines that meet at a point are called intersecting lines.
5. A right angle measures 90 degree.
6. The sum of angle on a straight lines is 180 degree.
