Intermolecular forces charged portion of another molecule.
Since
many molecules are polar, this is a common
Intermolecular forces intermolecular force.
act between molecules. In contrast,
intramolecular forces Example: An example of dipole-dipole
act within molecules. interaction is the interaction between two
Intermolecular forces are weaker than sulfur dioxide (SO2) molecules, in which the
intramolecular forces. sulfur atom of one molecule is attracted to
the oxygen atoms of the other molecule.
How Molecules Interact
The interaction between 3. A hydrogen bond is an intermolecular
intermolecular forces may be used to force (IMF) that forms a special type
describe how molecules interact with one of dipole-dipole attraction when a
another. The strength or weakness of hydrogen atom bonded to a strongly
intermolecular forces determines the state electronegative atom exists in the
of matter of a substance (e.g., solid, liquid, vicinity of another electronegative
gas) and some of the chemical atom with a lone pair of electrons.
properties (e.g., melting point, structure). Intermolecular forces (IMFs) occur
between molecules. Other examples
There are three major types of include ordinary dipole-dipole
intermolecular forces: London dispersion interactions and dispersion forces.
force, dipole-dipole interaction, and ion- Hydrogen bonds are generally
dipole interaction. stronger than ordinary dipole-dipole
and dispersion forces, but weaker
than true covalent and ionic bonds.
1. London Dispersion Force
The London dispersion force is also known
as LDF, London forces, dispersion forces,
instantaneous dipole forces, induced dipole Steps for Identifying the Strongest Types of
forces, or the induced dipole-induced dipole Intermolecular Forces:
force. The London dispersion force, the
force between two nonpolar molecules, is 1. Draw the Lewis Electron Dot structure
the weakest of the intermolecular forces. 2. Tell whether Polar or Nonpolar
Example: An example of London dispersion compound
force is the interaction between two methyl Note: Compound is NONPOLAR if
(-CH3) groups. a) Central atom has no lone pair
b) All atoms around a central
Example: A second example of London atom are the same
dispersion force is the interaction between 3. Identify the types of IMF
nitrogen gas (N2) and oxygen gas (O2)
molecules. The electrons of the atoms are How to determine which IMF a
not only attracted to their own atomic substance has?
nucleus, but also to the protons in the
nucleus of the other atoms. 1. London Dispersion Force- Nonpolar
2. Dipole-Dipole Interaction compound
Dipole-dipole interaction occurs whenever 2. London dispersion force / Dipole
two polar molecules get near each other. dipole – Polar compound
The positively charged portion of one 3. Hydrogen bond – compound with H-F,
molecule is attracted to the negatively H-O, H-N
Let’s Practice
Compound LEDS POLAR/ NONPOLAR IMF
1. CO2 NONPOLAR LDF
2. SF4 POLAR DIPOLE DIPOLE
3. HCL POLAR DIPOLE DIPOLE
4. H2O POLAR DIPOLE DIPOLE /
HYDROGEN BONDING
5. CH4 NONPOLAR LDF
