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Unit 2 Union Government Notes

The document outlines the structure and functions of the Union Government of India, detailing the roles of the President, Vice President, Prime Minister, Parliament, and Judiciary. It highlights the election processes, powers, and responsibilities of each entity, emphasizing the President as the constitutional head and the Prime Minister as the real executive head. The Parliament consists of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha, with distinct compositions and functions, while the Supreme Court serves as the highest judicial authority, safeguarding the Constitution.

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9 views2 pages

Unit 2 Union Government Notes

The document outlines the structure and functions of the Union Government of India, detailing the roles of the President, Vice President, Prime Minister, Parliament, and Judiciary. It highlights the election processes, powers, and responsibilities of each entity, emphasizing the President as the constitutional head and the Prime Minister as the real executive head. The Parliament consists of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha, with distinct compositions and functions, while the Supreme Court serves as the highest judicial authority, safeguarding the Constitution.

Uploaded by

abk11617
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Unit 2: Union Government - Detailed Notes

1. President - Election and Powers

- The President is the constitutional head of India.

- Elected by an Electoral College including MPs and MLAs.

- Serves a 5-year term; can be re-elected.

- Powers: Executive, Legislative, Financial, Judicial, Emergency.

- Can appoint PM, governors, judges, etc.

- Represents India internationally.

- Can be removed by impeachment.

2. Vice President - Election and Powers

- Second-highest constitutional post.

- Elected by MPs of both Houses.

- Acts as Chairman of Rajya Sabha.

- Acts as President in their absence (for max 6 months).

- Term: 5 years; no limit on re-election.

- Can be removed by a resolution of Rajya Sabha agreed by Lok Sabha.

3. Prime Minister and Council of Ministers - Appointment, Powers, Functions

- PM is the real executive head of India.

- Appointed by the President from majority party/coalition.

- Heads the Council of Ministers: Cabinet, Ministers of State.

- Advises the President, leads Lok Sabha, chairs cabinet meetings.

- Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to Lok Sabha.


4. Parliament - Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha - Composition and Functions

- Parliament = Lok Sabha + Rajya Sabha + President.

- Lok Sabha: 545 members, 5-year term, elected by people.

- Rajya Sabha: 245 members, 6-year term, indirectly elected, permanent.

- Functions: Law-making, budget, controlling executive, judicial functions.

- Lok Sabha is more powerful; Rajya Sabha represents states.

5. Judiciary - Supreme Court - Composition, Powers, and Functions

- Highest court in India, guardian of Constitution.

- Composition: Chief Justice + 33 judges.

- Appointed by President; retire at 65.

- Powers: Original, Appellate, Advisory, Judicial Review.

- Protects Fundamental Rights (Article 32).

- Can declare laws unconstitutional; Court of Record.

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