SENTENCE PATTERNS

I/ pattern 1: Subject + Verb

Subject Verb
Time flies
Birds sing
The lion roared
My tooth is aching
Who is speaking

Có hai dạng khác của cấu trúc này nên chú ý:

There + Be Subject
There is nothing more to do.
There were five of us in the room.
There will be a good meal for us at home.
There are worse things than hard work.
There were a lot of people there.

THERE và IT là chủ ngữ dùng trong tình huống trang trọng. nó vô nghĩa, There + Be: = Have Chủ ngữ
thực đến sau BE.
It +Verb Subject
It seems that both of you were wrong
It pays to give honest value for money
It doesn’t matter what you think
It (so) happened that he was short of money at that time

II/ Pattern 2: Subject + Verb + Complement (bổ ngữ)

Subject Verb Complement

He is rich.
Nelson was a sailor.
This is my brother.
Seeing is believing.
Who are you?
That is what I want.
It (chù ngữ trang trọng) is silly to talk like that

III/ Pattern 3: Subject +Verb + Adverb Complement

Subject Verb Adverb Complement

They are here.
He went to Manchester.
Go away!
The glove must be somewhere or other.
He tries hard.
She cried as if her heart would break.
The formal subject THERE can be used in this pattern.
There + Verb + subject Adverb Complement
There are fifteen students in my class.
There’s a lot of noise outside.
Is there any cheese in the larder?
Will there be a festival at Edinburgh next year?

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IV/ Pattern 4: Subject + Verb + Direct Object (tân ngữ trực tiếp đứng ngay sau động từ).

Subject Verb Direct Object

He did the work.
The postman delivers letter.
Do you know the answer?
The little boy can dress Himself.
He said that he was going to Germany tomorrow.

V/ Pattern 5: Subject + Verb + Preposition (giới từ) + Prepositional Object (tân ngữ giới từ):

Subject Verb Preposition Prepositional object

I will wait for you.
She depends on me.
He succeeded in opening the box.
Those tools belong to Fred.
Everyone was hoping for a fine day.
Don’t worry about the result of your examination.
I was longing for him to invite me to the party.
They waited for me to pay the bill.
You can rely on him to do everything that is necessary.

VI/ Pattern 6: Subject + Verb + Direct Object + Adverb Complement (bổ ngữ trang ngữ).

Subject Verb Direct Object Adverb Complement

I put the shoes in your cupboard.
He sent the letter by registered post.
Have you put the cheese in the larder?
You will want this tomorrow.
The dog chased him for half a mile.
Put your coat on.
Turn the gas off.
He locked the house up.
He gave all his money away.
He engaged a gardener to do the hard work.
He felled the trees Tto let in more light.
He engaged a gardener because he wanted someone to do the hard work.
He treated his wife ss if she were a child?

VII. Pattern 7: Subject + Verb + Direct Object +Adjective (tính từ).

Subject Verb Direct Object Adjective

I will get the dinner ready.
He held the door open.
The dye (thuốc nhuộm) turned her hair green.
You have made the car dirty.
Can you get the window open?
He drinks his whisky neat.
Chỉ có một số lượng động từ được dùng trong cấu trúc này:
Bake (nung, nướng bằng lò) Bend (cúi xống, rẽ, khuất phục) Boil (sôi, đun sôi, trào)
Break (làm gãy, đập vỡ…) Burst (nổ tung, vỡ, hé nụ…) Cut (cắt, chặt…)
Crush (ép vắt,đè nén, vò nhàu…) Fill (làm đầy, làm thỏa thích…) Get (lấy, có được…)
Hold (cầm nắm, giữ, chứa đựng) Keep(giữ, tuân theo…) Leave (để lại, bỏ quên…)
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 Let (để cho, cho phép…) Make(làm, kiếm, thu, gây ra…) Pack (gói, xếp, ních…)
Paint (vẽ, sơn…) Pull (lôi, kéo, giật…) Push (xô, đẩy…)
Set (để, đặt, bố trí…) Wash (rửa, giặt, nạo…) Wipe (lau chùi…)
VIII. Pattern 8: Subject + Verb + Direct Object + To be + Adjective (or complement)

Subject Verb Direct Object To be Adjective (or complement)

They told him to be careful.
I want you to be happy.
He likes his staff to be punctual.
This proves me (to be) right.
We all thought him (to be) a wealthy man.
I prefer my coffee (to be) hot.
Một số động từ thông dụng nhất với cấu trúc này:
Believe (tin, tin tưởng) Consider ( nghĩ về) Declare ( công bố, bày tỏ)
Fancy (tưởng tượng, cho rằng) Feel (cảm thấy) Find (tìm thấy)
Guess (đoán, ước chừng) Imagine (tưởng tượng…) Judge (xét rằng, cho thấy)
Know (biết) Like (thích) prefer (thích)
prove (chứng tỏ, xác thực) See (thấy), tưởng tượng) Show (cho xem, cho thấy)
Suppose (cho là, tin là) Suspect (nghi ngờ) Think (nghĩ)
Understand (hiểu) Want (muốn)

IX. Pattern 9: Subject + Verb + Direct Object + Object Complement (bổ ngữ tân ngữ).

Subject Verb Direct Object Object Complement

He called his cat Sally.
They have made Richard captain of the football team.
The Archbishop crowned Henry King of England.
Grandfather has made William his heir.
We shall name this ship Princess Alice.
Không có nhiều động từ sử dụng với cấu trúc này, chỉ có vài động từ:
Appoint (cử, bổ nhiệm) Baptize (đặt tên, rửa tội) Call (gọi là)
Choose (chọn, đề cử) Christen (đặt tên, rửa tội) Crown (tôn lên)
Elect (bầu chọn) Entitle (cho tên) Name (đặt tên, gọi là)
Nominate (bổ nhiệm) Proclaim (công bố, tuyên bố)

X. Pattern 10: Subject + Verb + Direct Object + Preposition + Preposition Object (tân ngữ sau giới từ).

Subject Verb Direct Object Preposition Preposition Object

I gave it to him.
- Please explain this to me.
They offered the house to us.
They welcomed him to their home.
He owes a lot of money to George.
I will do the work for you.
He bought some golves for Mary.
- Please thank him for me.
- Save some sweets for your brother.
- Excuse me for interrupting you.
I ‘ll him for that.
- Tell me about your work.
I told them of you.
They accused him of stealing.
He thew a book at me.
He spends a lot of money on cigarettes.
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- Compare your work with Henry’s.
I supplied him with money.
Môt số động từ dùng với giới từ khác theo cấu trúc này:
1. Với TO: award (thưởng, tặng, phạt), add (thêm vào), bring, carry, compare, deny, fasten (buột, đóng
chặt), fetch (tìm về, bán được, đem về), give, hand (đưa, trao tay), join, move, offer, owe, pass, pay,
promise, read, refuse, sell, send, show, take, teach, tell, tie (buộc, cột, trói), write.
2. Với FOR: bring, buy, choose, cook, do, fetch, forgive, get, leave, make, order, play, praise (khen ngợi,
ca ngợi), punish, reach, save, write.
3. Với ABOUT: ask, consult, question, re-assure, remind, tell, trouble, warn, worry, write.
4. Với OF: accuse, inform, remind, tell
5. Với AT: aim, hurl, point, shoot, throw
6. Với ON: answer, make, read, spend, waste, write
7. Với WITH: compare, fill, mix, provide, supply

XI. Pattern 11: Subject + Verb + Indirect Object + Direct Object.

Subject Verb Indirect Object Direct Object

I gave him a lesson.
They sold me some bad apples.
He told me a lie.
Has he paid you what he owes you?
He wished them ‘ A Merry Christmas’.
Did Richard leave his brother any sweets?
Your help has saved me a lot of work.
He did me a very good turn.
Những động từ thông dụng nhất sử dụng với cấu trúc này là: ask, bring, buy, cause, deny (từ chối), do,
envy (tham vọng), find, get, give, hand (đưa, trao tay), leave, lend, make, order (ra lệnh, chỉ dẫn, gọi
món), owe (nợ), pass, pay, read, sell, send, show, spare (để dành, tiết kiệm), tell, throw, wish, write.

XII. Pattern 12: Subject + Verb +( for)* + Complement.

Subject Verb for complement

He walked for ten miles.
The Headmaster spoke for an hour.
They argued for hours.
We have come a long way.
They waited for an hour before going away.
The river rose ten feet in the night.
The house cost £10,000.
That car will last (you) a lifetime.
*
for: được dùng trong câu muốn thể hiện sự bền bỉ.
Một số Verb thường dùng trong cấu trúc này: climb, come, drive, drop, fall, fly, follow, grow, jump,
march (diễu hành, dẫn, đưa đi, bắt đi), move, ride, rise, run, sink, swim, walk, weigh, work.

XIII. Pattern 13: Subject + Verb + Verb(bare).

Subject & verb Infinitive (bare)

He can sing.
Shall we join them.
I must go now.
Need I answer that question?
Dare you refuse to go?
You had better answer the question.
I would rather not go -
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Động từ dùng với cấu trúc này: can (could), do (does, did), shall (should), will (would), may (might),
must, need, dare and the phrases: had better, would rather.

XIV. Pattern 14: Subject + Verb + Direct Object + Bare Infinitive.

Subject Verb Direct Object Infinitive ( bare)

I made him come.
Let him speak.
I heard him shout.
We saw the boy steal the money.
Watch me swim the river.
I have never known him come punctually.
Chì có vài động từ theo cấu trúc này: bid, feel, have, hear, know, let, make, need, notice, see, watch.

XV. Pattern 15: Subject + Verb + to- Infinitive.

Subject Verb Infinitive

I want to go away.
He ought to help you.
We have to be home by 10 o’clock.
You are to see the Headmaster at once.
We must try to help him.
I don’t like to ask you.
Did you remember to feed the cat?
I didn’t dare to ask for a rise in salary.
Các động từ thường dùng với cấu trúc này: begin, cease (ngừng, ngớt), commence (bắt đầu, mở đầu),
continue, dare, decide, expect, forget, have, hope, intend, learn, like, love, mean, need (verb thường),
offer, ought, prefer, pretend, promise, refuse, remember, start, swear, try, want, wish.

XVI. Pattern 16: Subject + Verb + Interrogative Word (từ nghi vấn) + to- Infinitive.

Subject Verb Interrogative To - Infinitive

word
I will remember how to do this in future.
He will soon find out how to drive the car.
Do you know how to answer that question?
Go and ask how to get from the station to our hotel.
I can’t decide where to go for our holidays.
I ‘ve lost my pen-knife, and I can’t think where to look for it.
He ‘s very greedy and never knows when to stop eating.
I ‘m wondering what to do next.

Các động từ đi với cấu trúc này: ask, consider, decide, discover, enquire, explain, find out, forget, guess,
know, learn, remember, see, settle, tell (= know), understand, wonder.

XVII. Pattern 17: Subject + Verb + Direct Object + to- Infinitive.

Subject Verb Direct Object To - Infinitive

I ‘ll ask him to help us
They want me to give them a lesson
He taught his cat to open the door
She likes her guests to feel at home
I warned him not to be late
He dared me to climb the tree
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Các động từ: advise, allow, ask, can’t bear, beg, cause, choose, dare (= challenge), encourage, expect,
force, get, hate, help, intend, invite, leave, like, love, mean (= intend), order, permit, persuade, prefer,
remind, teach, tell, tempt, urge, want, warn, wish.

XVIII. Pattern 18: Subject + Verb +Direct object + Interrogative Word + to- Infinitive.

Subject Verb Direct object Interrogative To - Infinitive

word
Show him how to do the exercise.
I had to tell him how to.make a telephone call.
You must teach the children how to behave properly.
Can you advise me where to go for a good meal.
Don’t forget to tell me where to turn off this main road.
Usual verbs: advise, ask, inform, remind, show, teach, tell

XIX. Pattern 19: Subject + Verb + Gerund.

Subject Verb Gerund

He loves skating
Your hair needs cutting
Stop wasting my time
Would you mind passing the sugar?
I can’t bear seeing performing animals.
Do you remember seeing that film in London?

XX. Pattern 20: Subject + Verb + Direct object + Present Participle.

Subject Verb Direct object Present participle

He kept me waiting.
We saw him playing football.
I caught them stealing apples.
I can smell something burning.
Our fast car left the others standing.
Usual verbs: catch, feel, find, hear, imagine, keep, leave, listen to, look at, notice, see, set, smell, start,
watch.

XXI. Pattern 21: Subject + Verb + Direct object + Past participle.

Subject Verb Direct object Past participle

I want my fish fried, not boiled.
You should get those shoes mended
They Have just had their house painted
We heard the music played by the band.
When they opened the money gone.
We saw big trees torn up by their roots.
Usual verbs: feel, get, have, hear, like, make, prefer, see, want, wish

XXII. Pattern 22: Subject + Verb + (that) + Noun clause.

Subject Verb (that) + Noun clause

He said (that) they would come and see us.
He intended that his son should inherit the business
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I hear (that) you are going to America next week
I expect (that) you are surprised at the news

XXIII. Pattern 23A: Subject + Verb + Direct object + (that) + Noun clause.

Subject Verb Direct object (that) + noun clause

I told him (that) he must work harder
He warned us (that) the road was a bad one
That experience taught him (that) honesty is the best policy
I finally convinced him (that) he had been mistaken

XXIII. Pattern 23B: Subject + Verb + Direct object + Interrogative word + Noun clause.

Subject Verb Direct object Interrogative Noun clause

word
He told James why he must work harder
The teacher showed him how he should answer the question
I ‘ll remind you what I want you to do.
Can you tell me whose statue that is?
Will you please inform us when the goods we ordered will be despatched?
Usual verbs: convince (thuyết phục), inform, remind, satisfy, teach, tell, warn

XXIV. Pattern 24A: Subject + Verb + so.

Subject Verb so
I think so
He hopes so
I am afraid so
Thường thì cấu trúc này hay đảo ngữ: e.g. so I believe; so I’ve heard, etc.

XXIV. Pattern 24B: Subject + Verb + not( The negative construction has not instead of so).

Subject Verb not

I hope not
He is afraid not
Các động từ dùng với cấu trúc này: be afraid, believe, expect, hope, say, suppose, think
Riêng các động từ: hear, notice, see có thể chỉ dùng với cấu trúc 24A đảo ngữ (So I hear, etc.)