Module 8: Databases

AWS Academy Cloud Foundations

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Module overview
Topics Lab
• Amazon Relational Database Service • Lab 5: Build Your DB Server and
(Amazon RDS) Interact with Your DB Using an App
• Amazon DynamoDB Activity
• Amazon Redshift • Database case studies
• Amazon Aurora
Demos
• Amazon RDS console
• Amazon DynamoDB console
Knowledge check

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Module objectives
After completing this module, you should be able to:
• Explain Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS)
• Identify the functionality in Amazon RDS
• Explain Amazon DynamoDB
• Identify the functionality in Amazon DynamoDB
• Explain Amazon Redshift
• Explain Amazon Aurora
• Perform tasks in an RDS database, such as launching, configuring, and interacting

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Section 1: Amazon Relational
Database Service
Module 8: Databases

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Amazon Relational Database Service

Amazon Relational Database

Service (Amazon RDS)

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Unmanaged versus managed services

Unmanaged: Managed:
Scaling, fault tolerance, and Scaling, fault tolerance, and
availability are managed by availability are typically built
you. into the service.

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Challenges of relational databases
• Server maintenance and energy footprint
• Software installation and patches
• Database backups and high availability
• Limits on scalability
• Data security
• Operating system (OS) installation and patches

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Amazon RDS

Managed service that sets up and operates a relational database in the

cloud.

AWS Cloud

Users Application
Servers Amazon RDS

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From on-premises databases to Amazon RDS
Database in Amazon Elastic
Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) Database in Amazon RDS
On-premises database
or Amazon Aurora

Application optimization Application optimization Application optimization

Scaling Scaling Scaling
High Availability High Availability High Availability
Database backups Database backups Database backups
Database software Database software Database software
patches patches AWS patches
Database software Database software provides Database software
installs installs installs
Operation system Operation system Operation system
patches patches patches
Operating system install Operating system install
AWS Operating system install
Server maintenance Server maintenance
provides Server maintenance
Rack and stack servers Rack and stack servers Rack and stack servers
Power, HVAC, network Power, HVAC, network Power, HVAC, network

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Managed services responsibilities
You manage:
• Application optimization

AWS manages:
• OS installation and patches
• Database software installation and patches
• Database backups
• High availability
• Scaling
• Power and racking and stacking servers Amazon RDS
• Server maintenance

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Amazon RDS DB instances

Amazon RDS
=
MySQL

DB Instance Class Amazon Aurora

• CPU

M
• Memory Microsoft SQL Server
• Network performance
PostgreSQL
Amazon RDS DB DB Instance Storage
main instance • Magnetic MariaDB
• General Purpose (solid state drive, or SSD)
• Provisioned IOPS Oracle

DB engines

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Amazon RDS in a virtual private cloud (VPC)

AWS Cloud
Availability Zone

VPC
Public subnet

Internet
Users gateway Amazon EC2

Private subnet

Amazon RDS

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High availability with Multi-AZ deployment (1 of 2)
AWS Cloud
Availability Zone 1 Availability Zone 2

VPC
Public subnet

Amazon EC2 Application

Private subnet Private subnet

M Synchronous S
Amazon RDS
RDS Standby
instance
instance

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High availability with Multi-AZ deployment (2 of 2)
AWS Cloud
Availability Zone 1 Availability Zone 2

VPC
Public subnet

Amazon EC2 Application

Private subnet Private subnet

M Synchronous S
Amazon RDS
RDS Standby
instance
instance

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Amazon RDS read replicas
Features AWS Cloud
Availability Zone
• Offers asynchronous replication
VPC
• Can be promoted to primary if Public subnet

needed
Amazon EC2 Application

Functionality Private subnet

• Use for read-heavy database

P R
workloads
Amazon RDS Read replica
• Offload read queries primary instance instance

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Use cases

High throughput
Web and mobile applications Massive storage scalability
High availability

Low-cost database
Ecommerce applications Data security
Fully managed solution

Rapidly grow capacity

Mobile and online games Automatic scaling
Database monitoring
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When to Use Amazon RDS
Use Amazon RDS when your • Do not use Amazon RDS when your
application requires: application requires:
• Complex transactions or complex • Massive read/write rates (for
queries example, 150,000 write/second)

• A medium to high query or write • Sharding due to high data size or

rate – Up to 30,000 IOPS (15,000 throughput demands
reads + 15,000 writes) • Simple GET or PUT requests and
queries that a NoSQL database can
• No more than a single worker node handle
or shard
• Relational database management
• High durability system (RDBMS) customization

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Amazon RDS: Clock-hour billing and database characteristics
Clock-hour billing –
• Resources incur charges when running

Database characteristics –
• Physical capacity of database:
• Engine
• Size
• Memory class

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Amazon RDS: DB purchase type and multiple DB instances

DB purchase type –
• On-Demand Instances
• Compute capacity by the hour
• Reserved Instances
• Low, one-time, upfront payment for database instances that are reserved
with a 1-year or 3-year term

Number of DB instances –
• Provision multiple DB instances to handle peak loads

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Amazon RDS: Storage
Provisioned storage –
• No charge
• Backup storage of up to 100 percent of database storage for an active
database
• Charge (GB/month)
• Backup storage for terminated DB instances

Additional storage –
• Charge (GB/month)
• Backup storage in addition to provisioned storage
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Amazon RDS: Deployment type and data transfer
Requests –
• The number of input and output requests that are made to
the database

Deployment type—Storage and I/0 charges vary, depending on

whether you deploy to –
• Single Availability Zone
• Multiple Availability Zones

Data transfer –
• No charge for inbound data transfer
• Tiered charges for outbound data transfer

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Recorded demo:
Amazon RDS
console

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 Build Your DB
Server and
Interact with Your
DB Using an App

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Lab 5: Scenario
This lab is designed to show you how to use an AWS managed database
instance to solve a need for a relational database.
AWS Cloud
Availability Zone A Availability Zone B
VPC: 10.0.0.0/16
Public subnet 1: Public subnet 2:
10.0.0.0/24 10.0.2.0/24
Internet Security group
Internet NAT Web
gateway gateway Server

Private subnet 1: Private subnet 2:

10.0.1.0/24 10.0.3.0/24

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Lab 5: Tasks

Security group
Create a VPC security group.
Private subnet
Create a DB subnet group.

Create an Amazon RDS DB instance and

Amazon RDS
interact with your database.

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Lab 5: Final product

AWS Cloud
Availability Zone A Availability Zone B
VPC: 10.0.0.0/16
Public subnet 1: Public subnet 2:
10.0.1.0/24 10.0.2.0/24

Internet Security group

NAT Web
Internet
gateway gateway Server

Private subnet 1: Private subnet 2:

10.0.3.0/24 10.0.4.0/24
Security group Security group
RDS DB RDS DB
Primary Secondary

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~ 30 minutes

Begin Lab 5: Build

your DB server and
interact with your DB
using an application

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 Lab debrief:
key takeaways

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Section 1 key • With Amazon RDS, you can set up, operate,
and scale relational databases in the cloud.
takeaways
• Features –
• Managed service
• Accessible via the console, AWS Command Line Interface
(AWS CLI), or application programming interface (API) calls
• Scalable (compute and storage)
• Automated redundancy and backup are available
• Supported database engines:
• Amazon Aurora, PostgreSQL, MySQL, MariaDB, Oracle, Microsoft SQL
Server

29
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Section 2: Amazon DynamoDB
Module 8: Databases

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Relational versus non-relational databases
Relational (SQL) Non-Relational
Data Storage Rows and columns Key-value, document, graph
Schemas Fixed Dynamic
Focuses on collection of
Querying Uses SQL
documents
Scalability Vertical Horizontal

ISBN Title Author Format {

ISBN: 3111111223439,
Withering Jackson, Title: “Withering Depths”,
Example 3111111223439
Depths Mateo
Paperback Author: ”Jackson, Mateo”,
Format: “Paperback”
Wang, }
3122222223439 Wily Willy Ebook
Xiulan

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What is Amazon DynamoDB?

Fast and flexible NoSQL database service for any scale

• NoSQL database tables

• Virtually unlimited storage

• Items can have differing
attributes
• Low-latency queries

Amazon DynamoDB • Scalable read/write throughput

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Amazon DynamoDB core components
• Tables, items, and attributes are the core DynamoDB components

• DynamoDB supports two different kinds of primary keys: Partition key

and partition and sort key

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Partitioning

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Items in a table must have a key

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Section 2 key Amazon DynamoDB:
takeaways • Runs exclusively on SSDs.
• Supports document and key-value store models.
• Replicates your tables automatically across your
choice of AWS Regions.
• Works well for mobile, web, gaming, adtech, and
Internet of Things (IoT) applications.
• Is accessible via the console, the AWS CLI, and API
calls.
• Provides consistent, single-digit millisecond
latency at any scale.
• Has no limits on table size or throughput.

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Recorded demo:
Amazon
DynamoDB
console

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Amazon DynamoDB demonstration

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Section 3: Amazon Redshift
Module 8: Databases

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Amazon Redshift

Amazon Redshift

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Introduction to Amazon Redshift

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Parallel processing architecture

SQL Clients/BI tools

Amazon Redshift
Leader node

Dense compute
node Dense compute nodes
• Virtual Core
• RAM
• Local disk Amazon DynamoDB
Amazon S3

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Automation and scaling

Manage

Monitor

Scale

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Compatibility

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Amazon Redshift use cases (1 of 2)
• Enterprise data warehouse (EDW)
• Migrate at a pace that customers are comfortable with
• Experiment without large upfront cost or commitment
• Respond faster to business needs
• Big data
• Low price point for small customers
• Managed service for ease of deployment and maintenance
• Focus more on data and less on database management

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Amazon Redshift use cases (2 of 2)
• Software as a service (SaaS)
• Scale the data warehouse capacity as demand grows
• Add analytic functionality to applications
• Reduce hardware and software costs

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Section 3 key Amazon Redshift features:
takeaways • Fast, fully managed data warehouse service
• Easily scale with no downtime
• Columnar storage and parallel processing
architectures
• Automatically and continuously monitors
cluster
• Encryption is built in

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Section 4: Amazon Aurora
Module 8: Databases

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Amazon Aurora

• Enterprise-class relational database

• Compatible with MySQL or PostgreSQL

• Automate time-consuming tasks (such

as provisioning, patching, backup,
Amazon Aurora recovery, failure detection, and repair).

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Amazon Aurora service benefits

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High availability

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Resilient design

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Section 4 key Amazon Aurora features:
takeaways • High performance and scalability
• High availability and durability
• Multiple levels of security
• Compatible with MySQL and PostgreSQL
• Fully managed

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The right tool for the right job

What are my requirements?

Enterprise-class relational database Amazon RDS

Fast and flexible NoSQL database service for any

scale
Amazon DynamoDB

Operating system access or application features that Databases on Amazon

are not supported by AWS database services EC2
Specific case-driven requirements (machine learning, AWS purpose-built
data warehouse, graphs) database services
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Database case study activity (1 of 3)
Case 1: A data protection and management company that provides services to enterprises. They must provide database
services for over 55 petabytes of data. They have two types of data that require a database solution. First, they need a relational
database store for configuration data. Second, they need a store for unstructured metadata to support a de-duplication service.
After the data is de-duplicated, it is stored in Amazon S3 for quick retrieval, and eventually moved to Amazon S3 Glacier for long
-term storage. The following diagram illustrates their architecture.

AWS Cloud
??? Metadata database
???
Configuration
Corporate
data center
database

Amazon EC2 Amazon Simple Amazon Simple

Storage Service Storage Service Glacier
(Amazon S3)

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Database case study activity (2 of 3)
Case 2: A commercial shipping company that uses an on-premises legacy data management system. They must
migrate to a serverless ecosystem while they continue to use their existing database system, which is based on
Oracle. They are also in the process of decomposing their highly structured relational data into semistructured
data. The following diagram illustrates their architecture.

Database

???
AWS AppSync
AWS Lambda AWS Lambda

Corporate Oracle AWS Lambda

data center database Amazon Simple
Notification Service
(Amazon SNS)

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Database case study activity 3
Case 3: An online payment processing company that processes over1 million transactions per day. They must
provide services to ecommerce customers who offer flash sales (sales that offer greatly reduced prices for a
limited time), where demand can increase by 30 times in a short time period. They use IAM and AWS KMS to
authenticate transactions with financial institutions. They need high throughput for these peak loads. The
following diagram illustrates their architecture.

AWS Cloud

Database
??? AWS Identity and
Access Management
Elastic Load (IAM)
Internet Balancing
Banks
AWS SDK
AWS Key Management
Read replicas Service (AWS KMS)
Amazon EC2
instances

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Module wrap-up
Module 8: Databases

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Module summary
In summary, in this module, you learned how to:
• Explain Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS)
• Identify the functionality in Amazon RDS
• Explain Amazon DynamoDB
• Identify the functionality in Amazon DynamoDB
• Explain Amazon Redshift
• Explain Amazon Aurora
• Perform tasks in an RDS database, such as launching, configuring, and interacting

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Complete the knowledge check

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 Sample exam question
Which of the following is a fully-managed NoSQL database service?

Choice Response

A Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS)

B Amazon DynamoDB

C Amazon Aurora

D Amazon Redshift

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Sample exam question answer
Which of the following is a fully-managed NoSQL database service?

The correct answer is B.

The keywords in the question are “NoSQL database service”.

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Additional resources
• AWS Database page: https://aws.amazon.com/products/databases/
• Amazon RDS page: https://aws.amazon.com/rds/
• Overview of Amazon database services: https:
//docs.aws.amazon.com/whitepapers/latest/aws-
overview/database.html
• Getting started with AWS databases: https:
//aws.amazon.com/products/databases/learn/

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Thank you

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Contact us at https://support.aws.amazon.com/#/contacts/aws-academy.
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