SW 104 – Fields of Social Work ➢ Drug Addiction
Social Problem – “Reab and Zelznick (1961) define R.A. 9262 (Jan. 29, 2004 & Feb. 2, 2004) “Anti-Violence
social problem as “a problem in human relationship Against Women and their Children Act of 2004” – An
which seriously threatens society or impedes the Act defining violence against women and their
important aspirations of many people. children, providing for protective measures for victims,
prescribing penalties therefore, and for other
Mckee and Robertson (1975) state that a social purposes.
problem exists when a significant number of people or
number of significant people, perceived an undesirable LOCUS OF PRACTICE – refers to how social workers
difference between social ideas and social realities, and engage with individuals, groups and communities
believe that this difference can be eliminated by based on their roles and intervention roles.
collective action.
Direct Practice
Social Issues – Social workers are not the only one who ➢ includes work with individuals, couples,
can solve social issues/problems. families and groups
➢ social workers perform many roles in addition
Social Reality (Lexico) to delivering face to face services
➢ a reality or fact of life peculiar to a particular ➢ delivers face to face services in collaboration
society. with other professionals
➢ reality as conceived by a particular society or ➢ involves face to face interactions with clients,
social group, dependent on their customs and providing immediate support, interventions
beliefs. and services
➢ entails knowledge and skills in assessing
Poverty human problems and in locating, developing
➢ the state of being extremely poor and utilizing appropriate resource systems as
➢ the state of being inferior in quality or well as the interventions that can be
insufficient in amount implemented.
➢ condition where people’s basic needs for food,
clothing, and shelter are not being met DSWD MC No.5 s. 2022 – SW directly with an
➢ is not having enough money or access to individual, family or group of people through the use of
resources to enjoy a decent standard of living. basic social work methods such as
Types of Poverty Indirect Practice
• Absolute Poverty – when household income is ➢ focuses on large-scale social change through
below a certain level, which makes it policy development, advocacy, research and
impossible for the person or family to meet systematic reforms
basic needs of life including food, shelter, safe ➢ do not directly deal with clients but they
drinking water, education, healthcare, etc. require the performance of certain tasks and
• Relative Poverty – when household activities which facilitate an agency’s
operation and service and are required to
Effects of Poverty enhance social work practice.
➢ deprives people of their security and well-
being; Primary Setting – refers to those social agencies who
➢ deprives people not only of safe water and programs and services are the direct. An agency where
adequate food, clothing and shelter, but also social work is the main function of the organization
education and healthcare
➢ takes away people’s rights and their freedom, Secondary Settings
dignity and peace of mind; ➢ support, strengthen or complement their own
➢ put’s peoples live in danger and robs them of services
their future ➢ agencies, institutions and organizations whose
➢ lacks of opportunity and loss of hope primary function is to provide services other
than social welfare but which employ social
Homelessness – condition and social category of workers.
people who lack housing ➢ agency where social work is not the primary
Factors contributing to Homelessness function of the organization, but social
➢ Poverty workers are employed to support individuals
and communities within a different ➢ Medical – involves assisting patients and
professional framework families in hospitals, hospices and healthcare
facilities.
Setting – major role/ mandated of the agency ➢ Research – involves analyzing social issues,
Practice – relationship to the client assess interventions effectiveness and
contribute to evidence-based practices that
SYSTEM LEVELS/SIZE – SW Practice categorized based shape policies and programs.
on the scope or scale of intervention ➢ Community Organizing – involves mobilizing
➢ intervention create changes and empowering communities to address local
➢ direct practice issues and implement programs for
community.
Mezzo – bridges the gap between individual work and ➢ Occupation SW – involves assisting employees
large-scale interventions, focusing on groups, with workplace stress, mental health issues
communities and organizations, and conflict resolution
Micro – focus on direct one-to-one interactions with ➢ Policy and Planning – involves developing and
individuals and families with workers providing evaluating social policies and programs,
personalized services to address clients’ immediate conducting needs assessments
needs. ➢ Admin Management – SW oversee social
Macro – focuses on systematic change, policy service programs, manage budgets and
development, advocacy, research and administration supervise staff to ensure service delivery.
to address social issues on a larger scale.
Context of Practice – refers to specific issues or clients Paglilingkod: The Filipino Social Worker in a World
that social workers engage with, regardless of the Out of Balance
setting or system levels.
➢ Child Welfare – involves protection of children Social Workers
from abuse and neglect, support foster care ➢ have shown a lot of commitment and a lot of
and adoption services. creativity
➢ Person with Disabilities – SW in this field ➢ feeling of being challenge.
advocate for individuals with disabilities by ➢ people centered
providing support services ➢ HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIAL
➢ Geriatric – SWers are involved in supporting TRANSFORMATION
older adults by addressing aging-related issues
➢ Substance Abuse – involves helping individuals • The Department of Social Work and;
struggling with drug and alcohol addiction. • The Research and Extension for Development
➢ Public Welfare – focuses on government- Office (REDO) of the University of the Philippines
funded social services (Diliman)
➢ Politics – involves engaging in policy-making, • College of Social Work and Community
lobbying and running for public office to Development (CSWCD)
advocate for laws and programs that promote
social justice. Paglilingkod Service – demands of the social, political
➢ Advocacy – focuses on promoting social justice and economic situations.
and human rights, ensuring marginalized ➢ Tulong – help
individuals have access to services. ➢ Damay – sympathy
➢ School – involves providing mental health ➢ Bayanihan – helping one another
support crisis intervention and advocacy for ➢ Aruga – care
students, helping them overcome academic, Respect in the Dignity of a Person – kapwa tao
behavioral and social challenges.
➢ INT’L Social Work – focuses on global issues, Balangai – small communities which evolved as
such as poverty, human trafficking, disaster “Barangay”. Society of self-contained communities
relief, and refugee assistance working with with lands and other natural resources being held in
international organizations. common and helping one another as a value.
➢ Forensic & Justice – involves operation within The Divide and Conquer Strategy – colonizer, many
legal and criminal justice system helping indigenous Filipino’s lost their lands, the primary
victims, PDLs and advocating for restorative source of their livelihood and became marginalized.
justice.
Rosario B. Dela Rosa (Executive Director) ➢ Leyte and Samar – target communities
KAISAHANG BUHAY FOUNDATION ➢ Mendiola Massacre
➢ Foster care and local adoption. ➢ Community volunteer is being prepared
➢ Every child deserves a loving and permanent ➢ Community based health program
family capsulized into three mission.
▪ Family Preservation 1968 – Department of Social Welfare and Development
▪ Family Reunification (DSWD) was established.
▪ Permanent Placement
Lualhati F. Pablo (Undersecretary for General
Improve the social functioning of every client, they Administration and Support Services Group)
provide services like spiritual counseling, skills (DSWD) DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL WELFARE AND
development and capital assistance. DEVELOPMENT
Law for Domestic Adoption – match Filipino children ➢ serving the poor and marginalized vulnerable
first to Filipino families. groups, sectors in the country
Remedios V. Buenafe (Chief Social Worker) Imelda A. Capili (Regional Director – NCR)
VETERANS MEMORIAL MEDICAL CENTER PAROLE AND PROBATION ADMINISTRATION
➢ Hospitals for WWII Veterans ➢ whether the problem is in the person or within
➢ USAFFE Veterans the situation
➢ Recognized guerillas ➢ Three-Fold (Therapeutic Community)
➢ Retired military officers ▪ Modality of Treatment
▪ legitimate spouses, dependents, ▪ Restorative Justice
children below 18 years old and ▪ Development of Volunteer Probation
parents who is 60 years old and above. Aid Program
➢ Government agency that helps rehabilitate
Social Workers Role – is to render social services to and re-integrate convicted offenders into
patient who find difficulty in adjusting to hospital society.
routines, rules and regulations.
➢ how to cope with personal family Prof. Judy M. Taguiwalo
problems which have some bearing on Department of Women and Development Studies,
their illnesses, treatment, discharge or CSWCD President, All UP Academic Employees Union
rehabilitation. ➢ professor of women studies in the University of
➢ continuing after care hospitalization and the Philippines
will referred them to outside agencies if ➢ social worker and activist
they have limited resources. ➢ was arrested and imprison
➢ higher budget for social services
• First 7 Social Workers trained in western 1986 People Power Revolution – opened the
countries that formed “Philippine Association democratic space but the old elites were able to gain
of Social Workers Incorporated” in 1948 back their economics
• Relief/Rehabilitation – main concerns of social
workers in the late 40s until the middle 50s Prof. Alejandro W. Apit
• 1950 - Philippine School of Social Work was Department of Social Work, CSWCD Executive Director
established. KAMALAYAN DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION
• 1952 – 2 schools offered Social Work and Social ➢ child labor in Metro Manila
Welfare in the University of the Philippines and ➢ BONDED CHILD LABOR IN THE FACTORIES –
Central Escolar University. worst child labor
• Late 50s to 60s – Community Development and ➢ Kamalayan connects with different
Rural Reconstruction. institutions.
➢ Coalition Against Child Labor and Commercial
First National Conference of Social Work with the Agriculture
theme “The Role of Social Work in Community
Development” Prof. Rainier V. Alzaman
Department of Social Work, CSWCD Technical
Sr. Edita C. Eslopor (Project Director) Consultant
MAKAPAWA PAKISAMA MUTUAL BENEFIT ASSOCIATION (PMBA)
➢ Facilitate training of community health ➢ community organizing, group management
workers and social administration
➢ implement or extend social protection to the 4. Community Organizing
poor, extend insurance to the poor Roxanne De los Santos
➢ Pakisama Mutual, is the insurance service arm ➢ Empowering client with their
of the Pambansang Kilusan ng mga Samahang community problems
Magsasaka (PAKISAMA) and other people’s ➢ Conduct projects in the community
organization and poor communities. 5. Corporate Setting
Regin Penaflor-Anacay
Rina Anastacio ➢ Corporate Social Worker
Former Executive Director ➢ Implement Projects and Services for
CHILDREN’S REHABILITATION CENTER the needy individuals, families and
➢ victims of militarism or human rights violation communities.
➢ individual therapy or group therapy 6. Court Setting
➢ Case investigation
Prof. Mary Lou A. Alcid ➢ Family Related Cases
Department of Social Work and Former Executive ➢ Court Room and Judges
Director 7. Gov’t Social Worker
KANLUNGAN CENTRE FOUNDATION INC. ➢ helps improve the lives of people and
➢ Direct services communities through public welfare
➢ Victims of Illegal Recruitments programs.
➢ Migrants
The Concepts of Clients and their Difficult Social
Luz L. Rodriguez Circumstances
National Coordinator
UNIFEM – CEDAW (Convention on the Elimination of Who is a Client?
All Forms of Discrimination Against Women) • One who seeks professional help, one who
Southeast Asia Program employs the help of another, or one who is
➢ Affirmed and Empower Women served by a social agency or institution.
• the ONE who ask HELP is the Client
Dr. Romeo C. Quieta
Dean, CSWCD In Social Work, a client
University of the Philippines • individual, family, small group and a
➢ acquire certain specialized skills community that are found to need help
➢ social work education
Types of Clients
SOCIAL WORK IN DIFFERENT SETTINGS 1. Who ask for help for themselves
Hazel C. Lambert 2. Ask for help for another person or system
Social Work Educator 3. Those who do not seek help but are in someway
blocking and threatening the social functioning of
1. NGO – Non-Government Organization another person
Karleen May Reodique 4. Who seek or use help as means to reach their
➢ Former NGO Social Worker own goals or ends (a client the court has ordered
➢ Rural Areas. Communities. Know the to receive service in order to avoid more severe
needs. sanctions.
2. Academic Setting 5. Those who seek help, but for inappropriate
Gleanne Marie Sina-on goals
➢ Social Work Educator, School
➢ Help students to be equipped in the SECTOR- BASED
real-world settings Clients Population
➢ CSWCD College of Social Work and
Community Development Marginalized – basic, disadvantage, or vulnerable
3. Medical Setting persons or groups who are mostly living in poverty
Imy Nebreja and have a little or no access to land and other
➢ Medical Social Worker resources, basic social and economic services such as
➢ Classify patients healthcare, education, water and sanitation,
➢ Psychosocial Assessments and employment and livelihood opportunities, housing,
Counseling social security, physical infrastructure, and the
justice system.
Examples: Farmers, Rural Workers, Fisherfolks, Agencies
Urban Poor, Workers • Department of Labor and Employment
(DOLE)
1. Farmers • Overseas Workers Welfare Administration
• Rural poor (OWWA)
• Primary livelihood is the cultivation of land • Philippine Overseas Employment
or the production of agricultural crops, Administration (POEA)
either by himself or primarily with the • Department of Social Services and
assistance of his immediate farm household Development (DSWD)
• Whether the land is owned by him or • Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA)
another person under a leasehold or share
tenancy 4. Urban Poor
• a FARM WORKER is a natural person who • Informal Settlers
render service for value as an employee or • Economically disadvantaged families who
laborer in an agricultural enterprise or farm, find themselves living in the slum areas of
regardless of whether his compensation is metropolis
paid on daily, weekly, monthly or “pakyaw” • Often migrants from the rural areas who
basis. have ventured to look for the jobs in the
Policies Enacted for Farmers city
• RA 9700 – Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Policies Enacted for Urban Poor
Law Extension Reforms • RA 11201 – Department of Human
• RA 7607 – Magna Carta for Small Farmers Settlements and Urban Development Act
• RA 10601 – Agricultural and Fisheries • RA 9653 – Rent Control Act
Modernization Law • RA 7279 – Urban Development and
Agencies Housing Act
• DAR – Department of Agriculture 1898 Agencies
• Department of Human Settlements and
2. Fisherfolks – whose primary source of livelihood is Urban Development Act
the sea or in a large body of water such as lake and • DSWD
rivers.
Policies Enacted for Fisherfolks 5. Indigenous People – group of people or
• RA 8850 – Fisheries Act of 1998 homogenous societies by self-ascription and
• RA 10654 – Amended Fisheries Act ascription by others, one group who share same
• RA 10601 – Agricultural and Fisheries language and same practices.
Modernization Law Policies Enacted for Indigenous People
Agencies • RA 8371 – The Indigenous People’s Right
• BFAR – Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Act of 1997
Resources Agencies
• NCIP – National Commission on
3. Migrant Workers Indigenous People
• Activity/work in a state in which they are not • DSWD – Department of Social Welfare
legal services and Development
• Persons who are about to engage, is engaged
or has been engaged in any remunerative, a 6. Women – included as among marginalized
social work attaché sectors in the Philippines
• Social Work Attaché – a representative of Policies Enacted for Women
DSWD who works in countries with large • RA 11313 – Safe Space Act “Bawal Bastos
numbers of Overseas Filipino Workers Law”
(OFWs) • RA 10354 – The Responsible Parenthood
Policies Enacted for Migrant Workers and Reproductive Health
• RA 8042 – Migrant Workers and Overseas • RA 9262 – Anti Violence (VAWC) –
Filipino’s Act of 1995 Violence Against Women and Children
• RA 10022 – Amended Migrant Workers and • RA 9710 – Magna Carta of Women
Overseas Filipino Act • RA 9208 – Anti-Trafficking in Person’s Act
Agencies The Funding of Services
• Department of Social Welfare and ➢ Government Services
Development (DSWD) ➢ Grants
• Philippine National Police (PNP)
• Philippine Commission on Women
7. Out of School Youth
• 7-14 years old – not enrolled
• 15 – 15 – not enrolled
Polices Enacted for Out of School Youth
• RA 11510 – “Alternative Learning System
Act”
An Act Institutionalizing the Alternative
Learning System in Basic Education for
Out-of-School-Youth Children in Special
Cases and Adults and Appropriating Funds
• RA 8044 – Youth in Nation Building Act of
1995
Agencies
Social Services and Resources
Family Services – provide support services for
families (e.g. counseling, family therapy and family
life education.)
Child Protection Services – services address to
child abuse and neglect (ex. child abuse
investigation, interventions)
• Health Care
• Occupational SW – job stress, family crisis
• Gerontological Social Work – elderly,
adults
• School Social Work
• Criminal Justice
• Information and Referral
• Community Organizing
• Mental Health
• Other Specialties/Field of Practice
➢ Adoption
➢ Substance Abuse
➢ Administration and Planning
➢ Foster Care Specialist
Types of Organizations
➢ Government Organization
➢ Non-Government Organization
▪ Private sponsorship
▪ Private, non-profit, voluntary
organization (NEDA)
Types of Non-Government Organization (NGO)
➢ Primary NGOs
➢ Secondary/Intermediate NGOs
➢ Tertiary NGOs
