GROUP 10 : "TEACHING LANGUAGE COMPONENTS"
1. Teaching Pronounciation and Vocabulary
A. Pronounciation
Pronunciation is an integrated and integral part of language learning. It consists of elements much wider
than sounds of consonants and vowels. It includes the elements of rhythm and intonation, which
support the communicative process. That is to say, anyone who wants to gain communicative
competence has to study pronunciation. So here is the importance of teaching pronunciation.
As listeners expect spoken English to follow certain patterns of rhythm and intonation, speakers need to
employ these patterns to communicate effectively. If the rhythm and intonation are different, listeners
simply can’t get the meaning. Similarly, listeners need to know how speech is organized and what
patterns of intonation mean in order to interpret speech accurately. Thus, learning about pronunciation
develops learners’ abilities to comprehend spoken English. Furthermore, a lack of knowledge of
pronunciation could even affect students’ reading and spelling.
B.Vocabulary
Vocabulary skill is often considered as a critical aspect of foreign language learners as limited vocabulary
in a second language, impedes successful communication. Considering the importance of vocabulary
acquisition, that lexical knowledge is central to communicative competence and to the acquisition of a
second language. The correlation between vocabulary knowledge and language practice as
complementary: The skill of vocabulary enables language use and conversely. Language use leads to an
increase in vocabulary knowledge.
The importance of teaching vocabulary is demonstrated daily in and out of campuses. In classroom, the
achieving students possess the most sufficient vocabulary. The acquisition of vocabulary is essential for
successful foreign language use and plays an important role in the formation of complete spoken and
written texts. Learning vocabulary items plays a vital role in all language skills (eg. listening, speaking,
reading, and writing). furthermore, the acquisition of an adequate vocabulary is essential for successful
foreign language use because without an extensive vocabulary, a language learner will be unable to use
the structures and functions we may have learned for comprehensible communication. Some research
has shown that second language readers rely heavily on vocabulary knowledge and the lack of that
knowledge is the main and the largest obstacle for readers to overcome.
2. How To Teach Vocabulary and Pronounciation Effectively
•How To Teach Vocabulary Effectively :
The main aim of teaching vocabulary is to make students find out word meaning them in different
context. So, vocabulary items should be taught in a way that must help learner to use itin properand
suitable context.As vocabulary items in language play an important role in framing up ideas in a
continues flow.The teacher should be aware of the fact that a simple carelessness leads the learner
failing in learning vocabulary items. So the techniques for vocabulary teaching should be
perfect. Regarding the techniques of tearing vocabulary, different writers have give different views. But
we follow the following techniques while teaching vocabulary. They are given below:
1. Picture: Pictures are very useful means of teaching vocabulary.There is one saying, "A picture is worth
ten thousand words". We can generalize the importance of pictures by this sentence.Moreover,
blackboard drawing cut most, wall posters; etc can be used for teaching vocabulary in classroom as a
picture.
2. Mime, Action and Gesture: Explaining the meaning of words
through the use of pictures, sometimes, become impossible. For example, words like running, jumping
smoking can be taught easily through the use of mime action and gesture but difficult to teach by the
help of picture, comparatively.
3. Contrast: we also can teach meaning of words by contrasting them with another word such as big can
be contrasted with 'small'.
4.Translation: we can also teach meaning of word translating items meaning into learners mother -
tongue. It is an easy and quick way.It is useful in teaching "abstract" words rather than others concrete
words.
5.Demonstration: It is not always possible to teach vocabulary through picture only. Simple action can
be performed to carry out the meaning of several words. The word may refer to different kind of
movements, e.g. working, running, laughing, etc. Teaching vocabulary through demonstration will help
learners to understand easily
6.Game: vocabulary can be best taught by creating vocabulary game where as. As it creates interest
upon the learners, these techniques also lay emphasis on "learning by doing" resulting in long lasing
retention in the students so, there are lots of games such as word puzzles, jumble words, etc.
7.Song and Rhymes: It is also useful technique to teach vocabulary especially in young people because
they love songs. It also helps to motivate students and also creates interest upon students and helps to
break monotony and mental fatigue. When we inside our new teaching items in song and rhymes they
repeat it interestingly again and again and improve pronunciation and learn meaning easily and
unconsciously.
8.Realia: Realia refers to the original objects which insert can be used and seen in classroom at the time
of teaching and learning. When teachers brings real objects to teach vocabulary like 'stone','ball' 'flower'
etc, students can find them in real context and start to do real activities with it. It also breaks monotony,
mental fatigue. It also in crease interest towards learning, it also brings associated meanings, instead of
only one meaning. For example when we bring 'stone' to teach its meaning student can easily
understand it is'hard' and 'heavy' too with this single object.
• How to teach Pronounciation Effectively:
Its some tips for teaching pronunciation to help your students build confidence in speaking English and
succeed in other areas of their lives.
1. Use phonics activities to teach pronunciation
One of the most common and easiest ways to teach pronunciation is through phonics. Phonics activities
teach ESL students how to read and write by learning the individual sound of a letter or group of letters,
vowels, and consonants when introducing them to reading.
In addition, teaching phonetics is a fun and creative way to teach pronunciation. It helps ESL students
visualize and understand relationships between letters and sounds, sounds and words, and words and
syllables.
2.Use mouth positions and tongue twisters to teach pronunciation.
When teaching pronunciation, ensure you make pronunciation a physical class activity instead of a
mental activity and make sure your students practice and pronounce the words correctly.
Here are a few ideas:
- Show your students how to use their mouths to make the correct sound.
- Create and give exercises that focus on helping your students build muscle memory.
- Pay attention to how your students practice, and provide feedback throughout the process.
- Teach your students to properly place the tongue and lips to create a specific sound with your mouth.
- Ask your students to use a mirror to see their mouth, lips, and tongue while they imitate you.
3. Teaching Minimal Pairs
Minimal pairs are words or phrases that differ in only one sound and have distinct meanings. For
example, lot and rot, lack and rack, law and raw, or led and red are minimal pairs. Teaching minimal
pairs helps distinguish between the sounds of two similar words that have different spellings.
In addition to improving your students’ pronunciation, minimal pairs also help your students expand
their vocabulary.
4.Encourage your students to practice in front of a mirror.
Practicing pronunciation in front of a mirror will help your students see their physical movements. You
can also encourage your students to use Google pronunciation tools or look at your mouth and face as
you pronounce certain sounds. When your students understand the physical movements used in
pronouncing words, their pronunciation will improve.
5.Use fun pronunciation games
When teaching pronunciation, be creative and fun, using engaging materials and activities such as
syllables snap and word games.
Additionally, encourage your students to use fun pronunciation games to reinforce pronunciation
outside and in class. Using pronunciation games is an excellent way to keep your students engaged with
a bit of competition in the classroom.
Teaching pronunciation is all about building your students’ confidence and encouraging them to practice
their English skills.
