UNIT 1 : GRAMMAR

Trong QUÁ KHỨ:

diễn tả hành động
WHEN + S + V (quá khứ đơn), S + V (quá khứ đơn)
xảy ra nối tiếp
Eg: When he saw me, he smiled, at me.
nhau

Trong QUÁ KHỨ:

diễn tả một hành
WHEN + S + V (quá khứ đơn), S + V (quá khứ tiếp diễn)
động đang xảy ra
WHEN Eg: When I came to see her, she was cooking dinner.
thì có hành động
khác xen vào

diễn tả một hành Trong QUÁ KHỨ:

động xảy ra xong WHEN + S + V (quá khứ đơn), S + V (quá khứ hoàn thành)
trước một hành Eg: When I arrived at the airport, the plane had taken off
động khác
BY THE Trong QUÁ KHỨ:
TIME BY THE TIME + S + V (quá khứ đơn), S + V (quá khứ hoàn
(vào lúc) diễn tả nghĩa “vào thành)
cho tới lúc” Eg: By the time she got home, everyone had gone to bed.
lúc, cho
tới khi
diễn tả hành động Trong QUÁ KHỨ:
xảy ra xong rồi AFTER + S + V (quá khứ hoàn thành), S + V (quá khứ đơn)
AFTER
mới tới hành động Eg: After she had done her homework, she went out for a walk.
khác
diễn tả hành động Trong QUÁ KHỨ:
xảy ra xong trước BEFORE + S + V (quá khứ đơn), S + V (quá khứ hoàn thành)
BEFORE
khi có hành động Eg: Before she went to bed, she had locked all the doors.
khác tới

PRACTICE EXERCISES
1. The manager ________________ the store before I arrived.
A. closed B. had closed C. has closed D. was closed

2. He ___________ (live) in New York for 4 years before he ___________ (move) to New
York.

3. The Chinese ______________ (make) spaghetti dishes for a long time before Marco Polo
______________ (bring) it back to Italy.
4. He _______________ his Chinese course before he went to China to continue his
business.
A. will finish B. has finished C. had finished D. will have finished

5. I had prepared dinner before I __________________ to work.

A. went B. was going C. had gone D. is going

6. Question 1: The manager ________________ the store before I arrived.

A. closed B. had closed C. has closed D. was closed

7. Question 9: He _______________ his Chinese course before he went to China to

continue his business.
A. will finish B. has finished C. had finished D. will have finished

8. Question 14: I had prepared dinner before I __________________ to work.

A. went B. was going C. had gone D. is going

9. Question 37: There ____________ something vaguely familiar about her face but I
couldn’t remember where I ___________ her before.
A. is/have met B. was/had met C. will see/meet D. was/met

10. After he _____________ his English course, he went to England to continue his study.
A. has finish B. had finished C. was finished D. would finish

11. After I _______________ lunch, I looked for my bag.

A. had B. had had C. will have had D. have had

12. Question 4: After he _____________ his English course, he went to England to continue
his study.
A. has finish B. had finished C. was finished D. would finish

13. Question 27: After I _______________ lunch, I looked for my bag.

A. had B. had had C. will have had D. have had
5.Put the verbs in brackets into the correct forms of the Past Perfect.
1. We _____ (buy) the tickets before we went to the dolphin show.

2. _____ (you/win) a medal before the 2020 Winter Olympics?

3. Steve _____ (not/book) a safari tour yet when I spoke to him.

4. _____ (you/meet) a famous person before the event yesterday?

5. My aunt let me use her camera on holiday only after she _____ (show) me how to use it.

6. Make complete sentences using the prompts and the Past Perfect or the Past Simple.
Add commas where necessary.

1. We / start / our / safari / tour / after / tour guide / show / us / map.

2. Ed / visit / over thirty countries / by the time / he / turn / thirty-five.

3. Before / Anna / go / the Maldives / last month / she / never / swim / dolphins.

4. When / we / come back / to / campsite / Emma / finish cooking / our meal.

5. you / meet / famous person / by the time / you / finish / holiday / Los Angeles / last month?

7.Combine the sentences using the Past Perfect and the words in brackets.

1. Mary came to the stadium at 11:00. Susan left the stadium at 10:30. (WHEN)

2. Susan and Sam put on suncream. Then they start trekking in the mountains. (BEFORE)

3. William competed and came first in lots of marathon races. A year later, he was offered
to join the national team. (AFTER)

4. Jim explained all the rules. Then we started putting up tents in the camp. (AFTER)
5. Jim reached the finish line. We arrived at the marathon event. (BY THE TIME)

Ex1
1. Put the verbs in brackets into the Past Simple or the Past Continuous.
1. A: _____ (you/travel) abroad often when you were young?

B: Yes, we _____ (visit) my grandparents in Spain every year.

2. A: What _____ (Ann/do) while John _____ (watch) the Olympics on TV?

B: I think she _____ (read) a book.

3. A: How _____ (be) the weather at the stadium yesterday?

B: Perfect! The sun _____ (shine) and there was a gentle breeze _____ (blow).

4. A: What _____ (Lucas/do) as soon as he won the race?

B: He _____ (hug) his family and then they all _____ (have) a photo together.

Ex 2:
2. Make complete sentences using the given words and the Past Simple or the Past
Continuous.
1. 4 o'clock / yesterday. / Dan / trek / mountains / while / his father / put up / tent

2. It / rain / heavily / and / sky / get / darker / campsite

3. Claire / train / gym / when / she / inure / her / leg

4. This / time / last / week, / I / take pictures / safari

5. Rob sing / public / first / time / 2019

3. Choose the options (A, B, C or D) to indicate the underlined parts that needs
correction in the given sentence.
1. Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs is (A) one of my (B) favourite fairy tales (C) when I
was (D) a child.
2. Ann was dancing (A) with her (B) friends while (C) the band sang (D) on stage.
3. Peter was sleeping (A) under the stars when (B) he was hearing (C) a strange noise near
his (D) tent.
4. The sun shone (A) and the birds were singing (B) as (C) I was trekking (D) in the
mountains.
5. First, Mindy book (A) her (B) tickets and then (C) she went (D) on a city tour.

4. Choose the option (A, B, C or D) to indicate the underlined part that needs
correction.
1. Before (A) he went (B) to Africa, James has never been (C) on (D) a safari.
2. When (A) Wendy had arrived (B) at the gym, her teammates hadn't started (C) training
yet (D).
3. Did you meet (A) a famous person by the time (B) you finished (C) your holiday in L.A.
last (D) month?
4. After (A) Joe has won (B) the marathon, he got (C) his medal and put (D) it around his
neck.
5. By the time (A) David put up his tent (B), the clouds covered (C) the stars already (D).
 PRACTICE

Circle the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the options that best complete the
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20 A your B our C their D its

21 A who B where C whose D that
22 A viewpoint B knowledge C value D emotion

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Enrol today and see (25) ______ you can work smarter, not harder.

23 A with B at C in D about
24 A passion B productivity C relationship D service
25 A what B who C which D how

Circle the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct arrangement of the sentences to

make a meaningful paragraph in each of the following questions.

26
a Please find a copy of my CV attached to this email.
b I am writing to express my keen interest in the position of construction manager
advertised on your website.
c I would be happy to answer any questions you may have about my CV.
d Therefore, I would be grateful if you would consider me for the position.
e I believe my skills and five-year work experience meet the job requirements.
A b-d-a-c-e B b-d-e-c-a C b-e-d-a-c D d-a-b-e-c

27
a Moreover, they are required to guide their customers through the necessary paperwork.
b They are primarily responsible for processing customer transactions such as deposits
and withdrawals.
c Most importantly, bank clerks have to follow the bank’s rules to keep things safe and
organised.
d Bank clerks play a crucial role in ensuring the smooth operation of financial transactions.
e Besides, bank clerks have to provide helpful and clear information to customers.
f If you believe you can handle those responsibilities effectively, consider a career as a
bank clerk.
A d-c-f-a-e-b B b-d-a-e-f-c C d-b-c-e-f-a D d-b-e-a-c-f

Circle the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the best option for each of the blanks.

Every day, we might have to deal with unexpected problems, big or small. Problem-solving
skills (28) ______. These skills include identifying the problem, looking for solutions, and
making smart decisions.

(29) ______. It means we don’t just take action from the first idea. We patiently consider a
variety of options and then make the final decision with (30) ______. Allowing us to look at
things from different viewpoints, problem-solving (31) ______. Trying to find answers helps
us look at things in new ways. Strong problem-solving skills help us deal with tough times.
Instead of giving up, we must (32) ______, and learn from our mistakes to improve over
time.

To improve our problem-solving, we need to practise brainstorming all kinds of solutions,

even crazy ones. Then, we should try out the solutions one by one and (33) ______.

In short, problem-solving skills are necessary enough to help us become more creative
and ready for challenges. Therefore, students should enhance their problem-solving skills
to be able to work more effectively in their future workplaces.

28
A figure out our suitable helpful solutions
B are suitable and helpful for our figures
C help us figure out suitable solutions
D figure out solutions and help us suitably

29
A Our solutions decided to deal with problems
B Decisions needed to solve a problem
C When decision-making solves our problems
D Problem-solving makes us better at deciding things

30
A an appropriate option
B a more appropriate option
C a less appropriate option D the most appropriate option
31 A makes more creations for us B makes us more creative
C makes more from our creations D makes more creators from us
32 A try and keep different solutions B try to solve the differences
C keep trying different solutions D keep trying to solve differences
33 A see where they work B see which works with them
C see who works with them D see whether they work or not
Circle the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the best option for each of the blanks.
An influencer is a person with a large following on (34) ______ who can influence their
followers’ decisions due to their relationship with their audience and expertise in a specific
area. Influencers have the power to persuade people to (35) ______, and they are
generally hired by companies for their high marketing efficiency. Since some influencers
can earn up to £300 for one social media post, more and more people want to become
influencers.
Influencers create engaging content related to a particular niche, such as beauty, fashion,
fitness, travel or food. They use different platforms to promote products or services and
stay updated with the latest (36) ______. In addition to creating content and promoting
products, influencers must build their personal brand and maintain good (37) ______ to
convey their message to their followers and collaborate with brands correctly. In
conclusion, successful influencers must be hard-working and (38) ______ to produce new
content.
34 A books B magazines C social media D newspapers
35 A do presentations B meet deadlines C earn money D buy products
36 A trends B items C generations D websites
37 A computer skills B communication skills C leadership skills D multitasking skills
38 A punctual B respectful C creative D fluent
Read the text and circle the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the best answer to each of the
questions.
The transition from university to the workplace presents a number of challenges for young
graduates. This essay will examine some common problems encountered by young
graduates.
First, the shift from the academic environment to the ambiguous professional world could
be shocking. University life is defined by clear assignments and deadlines; in contrast, the
workplace demands greater problem-solving to deal with unexpected things. Consequently,
the unfamiliar work environment can be disorientating for young workers.
Second, young graduates have to shoulder more severe responsibilities in the workplace
than at college. Academic errors could cost students points while workplace mistakes can
lead to severe consequences. This pressure can lead to long-term anxiety and
discouragement.
Third, building professional relationships could be seriously challenging. Young graduates
might work with difficult experienced co-workers who only respect others because of their
competence rather than their friendly attitude in the workplace. From their viewpoint,
respect must be earned. Consequently, young workers might have a hard time dealing
with those senior colleagues.
Finally, unreal expectations play a role in young workers’ early struggles. With a desire for
a dream job, young workers are likely to be shocked by the harsh reality of entry-level
positions. The practical job responsibilities, benefits and career progression could make
them bitterly disappointed.
In conclusion, the transition from university to the workforce is a complex challenging
process. Understanding the root of these challenges is essential for young graduates to be
well-prepared for their future jobs.
39 Which of the following could be the best title for the text?
A The Young Workers’ Common Problems
B The Young Workers’ Professional Demand
C The Young Workers’ Relationships
D The Young Workers’ Responsibilities
40 The word disorientating in paragraph 2 is opposite in meaning to ______.
A common B simple C acceptable D strange
41 The phrase have a hard time in paragraph 3 mostly means ______.
A work overtime more than usual
B suffer from serious stress
C have lots of problems
D spend lots of time building relationships

42 The word them in paragraph 5 refers to ______.

A benefits B responsibilities C positions D workers
43 Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text?
A Young workers could have problems with relationship-building.
B Young workers have to earn other people's respect to climb up the career ladder.
C Problem-solving skills are one of the main differences between the workplace and the
college.
D Entry-level jobs could present shocking reality to young workers.

Read the text and circle the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the best answer to each of
the questions.

A CV is a document that provides an overview of a person's work experience, educational

background and competence. Therefore, you must have a clear understanding of what
employers are expecting before writing a CV.

First, to write a traditional CV, you should start with your contact details including your
name, phone number and email address. It is important to highlight your personal qualities,
such as being motivated, flexible and cooperative. These qualities can indicate candidates’
ability to adapt to changing situations. Punctuality and respectfulness are also essential
qualities to highlight, as they show that a candidate is reliable and professional.

Second, list your work experience, beginning with the most recent positions. Highlight your
primary duties and work experience in each job, and select the features of your prior work
that are most relevant to the current position to prove that you are suitable for the job.
Then, describe your educational background, starting with the most recent and relevant
details. To illustrate, you should mention your latest educational achievements and
qualifications related to the position for which you are applying. If you don't have much
work experience, highlight your education in the CV. Then, list any additional experience
or interests you have that are relevant to the position.

Try to have someone who can help you verify your work experience and competence. At
the end of the CV, you should include their professional contacts in References available
on request.

Finally, your CV must be free from errors, and the layout must be appropriate. Use a word-
processing programme with spell-checking to ensure no spelling errors. A traditional CV
should have the name, phone number and email address at the top, followed by the job
objective and the 'Summary of Skills and Awards' section.
In conclusion, a well-written CV is essential when applying for a job. By highlighting your
personal qualities, work experience and educational background, you can make a strong
impression on potential employers and then have better chances of being hired.

44 Which of the following is the best title for the text?

A The Tips to Write a Good CV
B The Benefits of a Good CV
C The Outline of a CV
D The Importance of a Good CV

45 Which of the following should be at the top of a traditional CV?

A your job objective
B your contact details
C your employment history
D your awards and recognitions

46 The word they in paragraph 2 refers to ______.

A qualities B candidates C situations D contributions

47 Why is it important to list your work experience in your CV, according to paragraph 3?
A to show that you've had many jobs
B to show that you are overqualified for the job
C to show that you have what it takes to be employed
D to show your professional achievements

48 The word current in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______.

A future B wanted C past D present

49 The phrase References available on request in paragraph 4 mostly means ______.

A Some teachers who can help check the CV
B Some employees who want a new job
C Some people who can be reached when necessary
D Some experts in the right field of business

50 Which of the following could be inferred from the text?

A You must always include your work experience in your CVs.
B A word-processing programme can check CVs and suggest excellent ideas.
C Your work experience can prove whether you're professional or not.
D If your CV makes a good impression on the employers, you are more likely to get
employed.