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APWH Unit 2 Study Guide

Unit 2 of AP World History focuses on the networks of exchange from 1200 to 1450 CE, highlighting the expansion of trade routes like the Silk Roads, Indian Ocean, and Trans-Saharan routes which facilitated economic growth and cultural diffusion. Key themes include the spread of religions, technological innovations, and the demographic changes resulting from trade, such as population growth and the spread of diseases like the Black Death. The Mongols played a significant role in enhancing trade safety and communication, while notable travelers like Ibn Battuta and Marco Polo documented their experiences across these interconnected regions.

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31 views2 pages

APWH Unit 2 Study Guide

Unit 2 of AP World History focuses on the networks of exchange from 1200 to 1450 CE, highlighting the expansion of trade routes like the Silk Roads, Indian Ocean, and Trans-Saharan routes which facilitated economic growth and cultural diffusion. Key themes include the spread of religions, technological innovations, and the demographic changes resulting from trade, such as population growth and the spread of diseases like the Black Death. The Mongols played a significant role in enhancing trade safety and communication, while notable travelers like Ibn Battuta and Marco Polo documented their experiences across these interconnected regions.

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nylajacobs71209
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AP World History – Unit 2 Study Guide

🌐 Unit 2: Networks of Exchange (1200–1450 CE)


Big Idea: Increased connectivity through trade routes led to economic growth, cultural
diffusion, technological innovation, and environmental and demographic changes across
Afro-Eurasia.

I. Trade Routes Expanded & Connected States


Three main networks: Silk Roads, Indian Ocean, Trans-Saharan

A. Silk Roads
- Goods: Luxury goods like silk, porcelain, spices
- Key Cities: Samarkand, Kashgar
- Transportation: Caravanserai, camel saddles, stirrups
- Commercial: Paper money, credit systems, banking houses
- Cultural Diffusion: Spread of Buddhism (e.g., Chan → Zen)

B. Indian Ocean Trade


- Goods: Porcelain, cotton, spices, gold, ivory, enslaved people
- Cities/States: Swahili city-states, Sultanate of Melaka
- Technology: Lateen sails, compass, astrolabe, junks, dhows
- Diasporas: Arab/Persian in East Africa, Chinese in SE Asia
- Religion: Spread of Islam among traders
- Zheng He: Ming dynasty admiral, expanded tribute system

C. Trans-Saharan Trade
- Linked: North Africa, Mediterranean, Sub-Saharan Africa
- Goods: Salt, gold, enslaved people
- Technology: Camel caravans, camel saddles
- Mali Empire: Grew wealthy from trade
- Mansa Musa: Promoted Islam, enriched Mali
- Timbuktu: Center of Islamic learning

II. Cultural Consequences of Connectivity


- Religions Spread:
• Buddhism (India → China → Korea/Japan)
• Hinduism & Buddhism (to SE Asia)
• Islam (Africa, India, SE Asia)
- Language: Swahili (Bantu + Arabic)
- Tech & Crops: Champa rice (→ China), bananas (→ Africa)
III. Environmental & Demographic Effects
- Crops: Champa rice, bananas → population growth
- Disease: Black Death (plague) spread via trade routes → major population decline

IV. Role of the Mongols


- Largest land-based empire
- Controlled Silk Roads → trade safety and growth
- Facilitated communication, skilled labor movement, cultural diffusion
- Promoted science/tech: astronomy tools, observatories
- Spread Black Death across Eurasia

V. Key Travelers
- Ibn Battuta: Muslim traveler, wrote about Islamic world
- Marco Polo: Venetian trader, wrote about China
- Margery Kempe: English mystic, pilgrimage records (female voice)

💡 Essential Themes
- Trade + Innovation = Expansion
- Interconnectedness = Cultural + Tech diffusion
- Religions and Diasporas spread with trade
- Empires (esp. Mongols) = more trade, more contact, more disease

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