Complete AI/ML + Fullstack Engineering + Career-Ready Roadmap (20242028)
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1. Python Programming (Complete for AI)
Basics:
- Variables and Data Types
- Input/Output
- Operators (Arithmetic, Logical, Bitwise)
- Conditional Statements (if, elif, else)
- Loops (for, while, break, continue)
- Functions (Built-in and User-Defined)
- String Manipulation
- List, Tuple, Set, Dictionary
- Comprehensions (List/Dict)
Advanced:
- Object-Oriented Programming (Class, Object, Inheritance, Polymorphism)
- Exception Handling (try, except, finally)
- File Handling (open(), read/write modes)
- Modules and Packages (import, from)
- Lambda, Map, Filter, Reduce
- Decorators, Generators
- Virtual Environments (venv, pip)
- Working with JSON & CSV files
- Useful Libraries: os, random, datetime, etc.
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2. Mathematics for Machine Learning & AI
Linear Algebra:
- Scalars, Vectors, Matrices
- Dot Product, Cross Product
- Matrix Operations: Transpose, Inverse, Determinant
- Eigenvalues & Eigenvectors
Probability & Statistics:
- Bayes' Theorem, Conditional Probability
- Distributions: Normal, Binomial, Uniform
- Mean, Median, Mode, Variance, Std Dev
- Correlation, Covariance
- Hypothesis Testing, Z-score, p-value, t-test
Calculus (Basics):
- Derivatives, Gradients, Chain Rule
- Cost Function Minimization (Gradient Descent)
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3. Data Handling and Visualization
- NumPy: arrays, matrix ops, indexing, broadcasting
- Pandas: DataFrames, filtering, groupby, missing data
- Matplotlib: line, bar, scatter, histograms
- Seaborn: heatmaps, pairplots, visual analytics
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4. Machine Learning (Core)
Supervised Learning:
- Regression: Linear, Polynomial, Ridge, Lasso
- Classification: Logistic Regression, KNN, SVM, Decision Tree, Random Forest, Naive Bayes,
Gradient Boosting (XGBoost, LightGBM)
Unsupervised Learning:
- Clustering: K-Means, Hierarchical, DBSCAN
- Dimensionality Reduction: PCA, t-SNE, LDA
Model Evaluation:
- Confusion Matrix, Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1
- ROC-AUC, Cross-Validation, Bias-Variance Tradeoff
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5. Feature Engineering
- Handling Missing Data, Outlier Detection
- Feature Scaling: MinMax, StandardScaler
- Encoding: One-Hot, Label Encoding
- Feature Extraction and Selection
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6. Scikit-learn & Model Building
- Creating Pipelines
- Hyperparameter Tuning (GridSearchCV, RandomizedSearchCV)
- Saving Models (Pickle, Joblib)
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7. Deep Learning
- Neural Networks, Activation Functions, Backpropagation
- TensorFlow/Keras: Sequential & Functional API
- Optimizers: SGD, Adam, RMSprop
- CNN: filters, pooling, MNIST/CIFAR
- RNN, LSTM: sequences, time series, text gen
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8. Natural Language Processing (NLP)
- Text Preprocessing: Tokenization, Stopwords, Lemmatization
- Embeddings: BoW, TF-IDF, Word2Vec, GloVe
- NER, Sentiment Analysis, Text Classification
- Transformers: BERT, GPT, HuggingFace
- Prompt Engineering
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9. MLOps & Deployment
- Model Deployment: Flask, Streamlit, Gradio
- Containerization: Docker
- Hosting: Render, HuggingFace Spaces, GitHub
- CI/CD Basics
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10. Real-World Projects
- Image Classifier
- Chatbot
- Resume Ranker
- Voice Assistant
- Stock Predictor
- Face Recognition System
- Text-to-Image Generator
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11. Critical Career Components (Job-Readiness Layer)
GitHub Portfolio
Resume & LinkedIn Strategy
Job Application Strategy
Interview Preparation
Blogging & Branding
Soft Skills
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12. Web Development Fundamentals
- HTML5, CSS3
- JavaScript (ES6+)
- DOM Manipulation, Events
- Responsive Design (Media Queries, Flexbox, Grid)
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13. Advanced Frontend Development
- React.js (Components, Props, Hooks)
- React Router, Forms, State Management (Redux/Context)
- Next.js (optional for server-side rendering)
- Tailwind CSS / Bootstrap (for styling)
- Figma (UI/UX design)
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14. Mobile App Development
Option A: React Native (JavaScript)
- Navigation, Components, State
- Expo CLI, Native APIs
Option B: Flutter (Dart)
- Widgets, Layouts, Routing
- Animations, Firebase Integration
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15. Backend Development
- Node.js + Express.js
- REST APIs (CRUD operations)
- Middleware, Authentication (JWT, OAuth)
- API Security (rate limiting, headers)
- Optional: Python (Flask / FastAPI for logic/AI integration)
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16. Database & Cloud Storage
- Firebase (Firestore, Auth, Storage)
- MongoDB (Mongoose with Node.js)
- SQL (PostgreSQL / MySQL)
- Cloudinary (image/video upload)
- Real-time updates using Firebase or WebSockets
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17. Authentication & Security
- Email/Password Auth (Firebase / Node.js)
- Google, GitHub, Phone login (OAuth)
- JWT tokens (for secure APIs)
- Password hashing (bcrypt)
- Protecting routes (frontend + backend)
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18. API Integration & AI Features
- OpenAI / Gemini APIs (chat, image generation)
- Public APIs (Weather, News, YouTube)
- Stripe/Razorpay for Payments
- Cloud Messaging (for push notifications)
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19. Hosting & Deployment
- Netlify / Vercel (Frontend)
- Firebase Hosting (App + DB)
- Render / Railway / Heroku (Backend)
- GitHub (Version Control)
- Custom domain linking (DNS)
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20. Fullstack Project Building
- YouTube Clone
- WhatsApp Clone (with chat & media)
- Duolingo Clone (with quiz & progress tracking)
- Instagram Clone (image upload, comments, likes)
- E-commerce Clone (cart, payment gateway)
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21. Bonus Future Skills
- TypeScript (superset of JavaScript)
- Web3 / DApps / Smart Contracts (Solidity)
- DevOps basics (Docker, CI/CD)
- GraphQL (alternative to REST APIs)
- Serverless Functions (Firebase, AWS Lambda)
