Problem List 6

Multivariate Calculus
Unit 4 - Integration in multiple variables
Lecturer: Prof. Sonja Hohloch, Exercises: Joaquim Brugués

1. Draw the following sets, and determine which ones are compact:
(a) A = {(x1 , ..., xn ) ∈ Rn | x21 + · · · + x2n ≤ 1}.
(b) B = {(x1 , ..., xn ) ∈ Rn | x21 + · · · + x2n < 1}.
(c) C = {(x, y, z) ∈ R3 | x2 + y 2 = 4, z ∈ [−1, 1]}.
(d) D = {(x, y) ∈ R2 | x ≥ 1, 0 ≤ y ≤ x1 }.
(e) E = {(x, y) ∈ R2 | x2 + y = 5}.
(f) F = {(x, y) ∈ R2 | x2 + |y| = 5}.
(g) G = {(x, y, z) ∈ R3 | x ∈ [−2, 1], y ∈ [0, 1], z = 5}.
(h) H = {(0, 0, 0), (−1, 0, 1), (1, 0, 0)}.
(i) I = {(r cos θ, r sin θ) ∈ R2 | 1 ≤ r ≤ 2}.

(j) J = (x, y) ∈ R2 | x2 + y 2 ≤ 4, (x − 1)2 + y 2 > 1 .

2. Argue which of the following functions are uniformly continuous in the given domains:
1
(a) f (x) = x in D = [1, +∞[.
(b) g(x, y) = x2 y − xy 2 in E = [0, 2] × [0, 2].
(c) h(x, y) = x2 + y 2 in F = R2 .
(d) i(x) = cos(x) in H = R.
(e) j(x) = cos(x2 ) in I = R.
(f) k(x) = ln(x) in J =]1, 2[.
3. Let F : A ⊂ Rm → Rn a uniformly continuous function.

(a) Prove that, if (xk )k and (yk )k are sequences contained in A such that lim (xk − yk ) = 0,
k→∞
then lim (F (xk ) − F (yk )) = 0.
k→∞
(b) Prove that if (xk )k ⊂ A is a Cauchy sequence, then (F (xk ))k is also a Cauchy sequence.
4. Compute the integrals of the following functions in the given rectangles:
(a) f (x, y) = y 2 ; in |x| ≤ 1, |y| ≤ 2.
(b) f (x, y) = x|y|; in 0 ≤ x ≤ 2, −1 ≤ y ≤ 3.
(c) f (x, y, z) = x2 + y 2 + z 2 ; in −1 ≤ x, y, z ≤ 1.
(d) f (x, y, z) = xyz; in 0 ≤ x, y, z ≤ 1.

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5. Compute the integrals of the following functions in the given sets. It might be helpful to draw
the set in each case.
(a) f (x, y) = x − y; in A = {(x, y) ∈ R2 | x + y ≤ 1, x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0}.
(b) f (x, y) = x2 y 2 ; in B = {(x, y) ∈ R2 | x ≥ 0, |x| + |y| ≤ 1}.
(c) f (x, y) = xy 2 ; in C = {(x, y) ∈ R2 | x2 + y 2 ≤ 1, x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0}.
(d) f (x, y) = xy; where D is the region of the plane limited by the lines {x = 2}, {x = 4},
{y = x − 1} and {y = 2x}.
(e) f (x, y) = x2 − y; where E is the region of the plane limited by the parabolas {y = x2 }
and {y = −x2 } and the lines {x = −1} and {x = 1}.
(f) f (x, y) = y; in F = {(x, y) ∈ R2 | y ≥ 0, x2 + y 2 ≤ 4, y 2 ≤ 3x}.
(g) f (x, y, z) = z; in G = {(x, y, z) ∈ R3 | |x| ≤ 1, |y| ≤ 1, 0 ≤ z ≤ 2 − x2 − y 2 }.
1
(h) f (x, y, z) = (1+x+y+z)3 ; in H = {(x, y, z) ∈ R3 | x, y, z ≥ 0, x + y + z ≤ 1}.

6. Let f : R2 → R a continuous function. For each of the following integrals, draw the domain of
integration and compute the expression of the integral changing the order of the variables.
(a)
Z 1 Z 1−y
√ f (x, y)dxdy.
0 − 1−y 2

(b)
Z 4 Z 12x
f (x, y)dydx.
0 3x2

7. Let ϕ : U ⊂ Rn → V ⊂ Rn a change of coordinates, this means, a diffeomorphism. Let

f : K ⊂ V ⊂ Rn → R a continuous function, and let us denote g = f ◦ ϕ and K 0 = ϕ−1 (K).
For each of the following changes of coordinates, find the expression of the integral
Z
I= f (x1 , ..., xn )dx1 · · · dxn
K

after changing the coordinates.

(a) (Polar coordinates):

ϕ: [0, +∞[×]0, 2π[⊂ R2 −→ R2

.
(r, θ) 7−→ (r cos θ, r sin θ)

(b) (Cylindrical coordinates):

ϕ: [0, +∞[×]0, 2π[×R ⊂ R3 −→ R3

.
(r, θ, z) 7−→ (r cos θ, r sin θ, z)

(c) (Spherical coordinates):

ϕ: [0, +∞[×]0, 2π[×]0, π[⊂ R3 −→ R3

.
(r, θ, φ) 7−→ (r cos θ sin φ, r sin θ sin φ, r cos φ)

8. Compute the area of the following subsets of R2 :

(a) A = {(x, y) | x2 ≤ y ≤ x}.
(b) B = {(x, y) | x + y ≥ 1, x2 + y 2 ≤ 1}.

2
 (c) C = {(x, y) | (x + y)2 + (2x − y + 1)2 ≤ 1}.
n o
x2 y2
(d) D the ellipse with radii a and b, this means, D = (x, y) | a2 + b2 ≤1 .

9. Compute the volume of the following subsets of R3 :

n o
x2 y2 z2
(a) A the ellipsoid with radii a, b and c, this means, A = (x, y, z) | a2 + b2 + c2 ≤1 .
(b) B = {(x, y, z) | x2 + y 2 ≤ 1, x + 2z ≥ 0, y + 2z ≤ 2}.
10. If a, b, c ∈ [0, 1] are picked at random, what is the probability that the polynomial p(x) =
ax2 + bx + c has real roots?
11. Compute ZZ
(x2 + y 2 )dxdy,
D

where D = {(x, y) ∈ R2 | 2x ≤ x2 + y 2 ≤ 4}.

12. Compute ZZ
xdxdy,
D

where D = {(x, y) ∈ R2 | x2 + y 2 ≤ 2x, y 2 ≥ x}.

13. Compute ZZ p
1 + x2 dxdy,
D

where D is the region of the plane delimited by the curves y 2 − x2 = 1, x = 0 and x = 1.

14. Compute
√
ZZ
xydxdy,
D

where D is the region of R2 delimited by the curves xy = 1, xy = 2, y 2 = x and y 2 = 2x.

y2
(Hint: Try to use the new coordinates u = xy, v = x )

15. Use an appropriate change of coordinates to compute

ZZ
ex−y dxdy,
T

where T is the triangle with vertices (0, 0), (1, 3) and (2, 2).
16. Use polar coordinates to compute the integral
ZZ
x
2 + y2
dxdy,
D x

where D is the region delimited by y ≤ x2 , x2 + y 2 ≤ 2 and y ≥ 0.

17. Let π
Z 2
Z 2 cos θ
I= rdrdθ.
0 0
Write I in Cartesian coordinates and compute it.
18. Compute the area enclosed by a simple rose petal, described in polar coordinates by the equation
r = a sin θ, where a > 0.

3
19. Let Z 6 Z x
2
I= e(3x−2y) dydx.
3
0 2 x−3

(a) Write the integral after changing the order of integration.

(b) Find a suitable change of coordinates and compute the integral.
20. Let 0 < a < b and 0 < c < d and D = {(x, y) ∈ R2 | ax2 ≤ y ≤ bx2 , cx ≤ y ≤ dx}. Compute
ZZ
1
dxdy
D x

using a suitable change of coordinates.

21. Compute ZZZ p
x2 + y 2 dxdydz,
A

where A = {(x, y, z) ∈ R3 | x2 + y 2 + z 2 ≤ 1, x2 + y 2 ≤ z 2 , z ≥ 0}.

22. Compute the volume of A, the region limited by the surfaces {(x, y, z) ∈ R3 | z = 4 − y 2 } and
{(x, y, z) ∈ R3 | z = x2 + 3y 2 }.
23. Let V = {(x, y, z) | x, y, z ≥ 0, z ≤ x + y, x + y ≤ 1}. Compute the integral
ZZZ
xdxdydz.
V

24. Let V be the region of R3 comprised between the spheres S1 : x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1 and S2 :

x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 4. Compute the integral
ZZZ p
x2 + y 2 + z 2 dxdydz.
V

25. Compute the length of the following curves using line integrals:

(a) A circumference of radius R.

(b) γ(t) = (a cos t, a sin t, bt), 0 < t < 4π, a, b > 0 (a helix).
2 2 2
(c) The astroid, which satisfies the equation x 3 + y 3 = a 3 .
26. Compute the following line integrals:
Z p
(a) a2 − y 2 dl, where C is the curve given by x2 + y 2 = a2 , y > 0.
C
I
(b) (x2 + y 2 )dl, where C is the circumference of center (0, 0) and radius R.
ZC
(c) (xy + z 2 )dl, where C is the helix arc parametrized as x = cos t, y = sin t, z = t and
C
comprised between the points (1, 0, 0) and (−1, 0, π).
27. Compute the line integrals of the following vector fields:
Z
2
(a) F · dl, where F (x, y) = (x + y, y − x) and C is a part of the ellipse x2 + y4 = 1 oriented
C
from the point (1, 0) to (0, 2).

4
 Z  
1 1
(b) F · dl, where F (x, y, z) = x−y , y−x , z and L is the segment from (1, 0, 0) to (2, 1, 2).
L
Z
(c) F · dl, where F (x, y, z) = (2xy, 3z, 5yz) and C is the curve parametrized by γ(t) =
C
(t + 1, t3 − 1, t2 ) from (0, −2, 1) to (2, 0, 1).
Z
(d) F · dl, where F (x, y, z) = (x, y, xz − y) and L is the segment from (0, 0, 0) to (1, 2, 4).
L
Z  
(e) F · dl, where F (x, y) = xx+y y−x
2 +y 2 , x2 +y 2 and C is the circumference of center (0, 0) and
C
radius R > 0 (taken in anticlockwise direction).
Z
(f) F · dl, where F (x, y, z) = (3xy, −y 2 , ez ) and C is the curve defined by the equations
C
z = 0, y = 2x2 from the point (0, 0, 0) to the point (1, 2, 0).
28. Let C be a curve on the surface of a sphere {(x, y, z) ∈ R3 | x2 + y 2 + z 2 ≤ R2 } and in the first
octant, this means, such that x, y, z > 0. Prove that the line integral
Z  
1 1 1
, , · dl = 0
C yz xz xy

for any choice of C and R.

5
Solutions
1. (a) A is compact.
(b) B is not compact because it is not closed.
(c) C is compact.
(d) D is not compact because it is not bounded.
(e) E is not compact because it is not bounded.
(f) F is compact.
(g) G is compact.
(h) H is compact.
(i) I is compact.
(j) J is not compact because it is not closed.
2. (a) f is uniformly continuous in D.
(b) g is uniformly continuous in E.
(c) h is not uniformly continuous in F .
(d) i is uniformly continuous in H.
(e) j is not uniformly continuous in I.
(f) k is uniformly continuous in J.
3. Use the definition of uniform continuity, convergence of sequences and Cauchy sequence.
4. (a) 323 .
(b) 10.
(c) 8.
(d) 18 .
5. (a) 0.
1
(b) 90 .
1
(c) 15 .
(d) 3173 .
(e) 54 .
(f) 19
12 .
(g) 176
45 .
√
5
(h) ln 2 − 16 .

6. (a) The domain has the following form:

1 y

x
−1 1

√
Z 0 Z 1−x2 Z 1 Z 1−x
f (x, y)dydx + f (x, y)dydx.
−1 0 0 0

6
 y

48

0 4 x

(b) The domain has the following form:

Z 48 Z √ y3
f (x, y)dxdy.
y
0 12

7. (a) Z
I= g(r, θ)rdrdθ.
K0

(b) Z
I= g(r, θ, z)rdrdθdz.
K0

(c) Z
I= g(r, θ, φ)r2 sin φdrdθdφ.
K0

1
8. (a) 6.
π 1
(b) 4 − 2.
π
(c) 3.
(d) πab.
4
9. (a) 3 πabc.
(b) π.
5 1
10. 36 + 6 ln 2 ≈ 25.44%.
11. ZZ
13
(x2 + y 2 )dxdy = π.
D 2
12. ZZ
π 22
xdxdy = − ≈ 0.1041.
D 2 15
13. ZZ p
8
1 + x2 dxdy = .
D 3

7
14.
√ 2 ln 2  √
ZZ 
xydxdy = 2 2−1 .
D 9
15. The change of coordinates is u = x − y, v = y − 3x. The value of the integral is
ZZ
ex−y dxdy = e−2 .
T

16. The integral expressed in polar coordinates is

π
√
Z 4
Z 2
cos θdrdθ,
sin θ
0 cos2 θ

ln 2
and its value is 1 − 2 .

17. In Cartesian coordinates the integral has the form

Z Z √ 2 2 1−(x−1)
1dydx,
0 0
π
and its value is 2.

a2 π
18. 4 .

19. (a)
2
Z 6 Z 3 y+2 2
e(3x−2y) dxdy.
0 y

(b) The change of coordinates is u = 3x − 2y, v = x − y. After changing variables the integral
has the expression
Z 6 Z u2
2 e36 − 1
eu dvdu = .
0 0 4
y
20. A possible change of coordinates is u = x2 , v = xy . Then, the integral has the form
Z b Z d  
v 1 1 1
I= 2
dvdu = (d2 − c2 ) − .
a c u 2 a b

π2
21. 16 − π8 .
22. 4π.
1
23. 8.

24. 15π.
25. (a) 2πR.
√
(b) 4π a2 + b2 .
(c) 6a.
26. (a) 2a2 .
(b) 2πR3 .
√
2 3
(c) 3 π .

8
 3
27. (a) 2 − π.
(b) 2.
114
(c) 35 .
23
(d) 6 .
(e) −2π.
(f) − 76 .
28. If we take a parametrization of C, γ(t) = (x(t), y(t), z(t)). As this curve lies on the surface of
an sphere,

x2 (t) + y 2 (t) + z 2 (t) = R2 ⇒ 2x(t)x0 (t) + 2y(t)y 0 (t) + 2z(t)z 0 (t) = 0.

Then, Z   Z t1   
1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
, , · dl = , , , (x , y , z ) dt =
C yz xz xy t0 yz xz xy
Z t1  0 Z t1
y0 z0 xx0 + yy 0 + zz 0

x
= + + dt = dt = 0.
t0 yz xz xy t0 xyz