Chapter 10 More On SCRATCH
Learning Objectives
After studying this chapter, you will be able to:
Know about Scratch
Learn how to start Scratch
Know about the components of Scratch
Create a simple Scratch project
Save a Scratch project
Open a saved project
Perform simple programs in Scratch
Let’s Connect
Write the name of these tools of Scratch 2.
1. __________________________
2. __________________________
3. __________________________
4. __________________________
Scratch-A Fun-filled Language
Scratch is one of the easiest computer languages. It allows you to create interactive stories, animations, and
games. It provides a graphical environment which makes it easy and interesting to use. In Scratch, we simply
connect different blocks of code to build the entire program.
Scratch is a visual programming language that is intended for learning programming at beginners level. It is an
easy to learn software that involves elements of fun with the learning process. It encourages the children to
think creatively, logically and reason systematically. It uses a block-based approach in which different blocks
are connected to build programs.
Features of Scratch
• It is a free and open source programming language.
• It is easy to learn and use.
• It can run on multiple platforms or operating systems such as Windows, Mac OS and Linux.
• It provides a graphical environment where the user can connect blocks of codes to create
programs.
KNOW MORE
Scratch was developed by the Lifelong Kindergarten Group at the MIT
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology) Media Lab, led by Mitchel
Resnick in 2003.
STARTING SCRATCH
Two methods to start Scratch are given as:
Method I: Using Start menu
Step 1: Click on the Start( ) button. The Start menu appears.
Step 2
Step 1
Fig.10.1: To start Scratch
Step 2: Click on the Scratch 2 option. The Scratch interface appears.
Method II: Using shortcut icon
Double-click on the Scratch icon if available on the desktop.
The Scratch interface appears.
Fig.10.2: Scratch 2 icon
Interface of Scratch
Scratch has the following interface.
Menu bar Green flag Stop sign
Title bar
Blocks
palette
Stage
Script
area
Sprite
Fig.10.3: Scratch interface
COMPONENTS OF SCRATCH INTERFACE
The components of Scratch programming interface are given below:
Sl. No Component’s Description
Name
1. Title Bar It displays the name of the program, here Scratch 2 Offline Editor. It is the topmost part
of the Scratch interface.
2. Menu Bar It displays the various menus that are part of the Scratch program. The menus
part of the Scratch 2 version are File, Edit, Tips and About.
3. Stage The background for the sprite is called stage or backdrop. Scratch creation shows up
here.
4. Sprite Each object in Scratch is called a sprite. ‘Cat’ is a default sprite.
5. Script Area It is located on the right-side of the stage. It in grey in color. It is used to create and
view the scripts pertaining to the current sprite.
6. Green Flag It is used to start the execution of main program.
7. Stop Sign It is used to end the execution of program.
8. Blocks palette This area shows all of the blocks available to you for use in your programming.
ACTIVITY
Start Scratch 2 software in your computer system. View all the components of its interface.
Categories of Blocks with their Colors
The different categories of blocks with their corresponding colors are given as:
Sl.No Category of Block Its Color
1. Motion block Medium blue
2. Events block Brown
3. Looks block Purple
4. Control block Light yellow
5. Sound block Pink(Magenta)
6. Sensing block Sky blue
7. Pen block Dark green
8. Operators block Light green
9. Data block Variables- Orange
Lists- Dark red
10. More blocks Pink
USE OF Motion, Looks, Control and Events BLOCKS
The different types of blocks in Scratch programming are given below:
Motion
It moves the sprites and changes the angle of movement of sprite according to x-axis and y-axis.
• Looks
It changes the appearance of the sprite and background of the stage. The user can attach speech, change the
visuals of sprite, grow and shrink the size of sprite.
Motion block Looks block
IT Fact
Scratch 3.0 is the latest version of
Scratch. It was released on 2nd
January 2019.
Control block Events block
Fig.10.4: Different blocks of Scratch 2
• Control
It contains programming statements like Conditional if-else statement, "forever", "repeat", and "stop” to move
the sprite according to the specified condition.
Events
This category of block is used to trigger an event.
Activity
Start the Scratch 2 application. View the color in which the different blocks
appear.Also, click on the blocks to view their different options.
Saving a Scratch Project
Once you have created the scratch project, you can save it for future reference.
To save a project, follow the given steps:
Step 1: Click on File Save as option. The Save Project dialog box appears.
KNOW MORE?
The Scratch 2 project is
Click here saved with .sb2 extension.
Fig.10.5: To save a Scratch project
Step 2: Choose your location from its left pane and type the name of File in File Name box.
Step 3: Click on Save button to save the project file.
Opening a Saved Project
To open the saved project, follow
the given steps.
Step 1: Click the File Open option. The Open Project dialog box appears.
Click here
Fig.10.6: To open a Scratch project
Step 2: Choose the desired file and click on the Open button.
Let’s Revise
Fill in the blanks.
1. The ________________ block is dark green in color.
2. _______________ sign is clicked to end the program.
3. The ________________ block is used to trigger an event.
4. Each object in Scratch is called a ______________________.
5. The background for the sprite is called ________________.
Program 1: A sprite moves 10 steps ahead
Step 1: Open Scratch program.
Step 2: Click on the block. A number of options appears.
Step 3: Click and drag block to the script area.
Step 4: Click on the block.
Step 5: Click and drag block and drop it below the .
The final script is:
Step 6: Click on the button to execute the script. The cat sprite moves accordingly.
Fig.10.7: Sprite moving 10 steps ahead
Program 2: When the cat sprite reaches the edge, it
bounces
Step 1: Open Scratch program.
Step 2: Click on the block. A number of options appears.
Step 3: Click and drag block to the script area.
Step 4: Click on the block.
Step 5: Click and drag block and drop it below the .
Step 6: Click and drag the block. The final script is .
Step 7: Click on the button to execute the script. The cat sprite moves accordingly.
Fig.10.7: Sprite bounces on touching the edge of the stage
KNOW MORE
Program 3: To move the Cat sprite along with say Hello! You can edit the number in a text box by simply clicking on it
and changing it to some other number. Let us change it to -
Step 1: Perform the steps 1 to 5 as given in Program 1. 50. Click it and see what happens. The cat sprite moves to
the left by 50 steps.
Step 2: Click on the block.
Step 3: Click and drag the block and drop below the block.
Step 4: Click on the time 2 secs and change it to 5. The final script is .
Step 5: Click on the button to execute the script. The cat sprite moves saying Hello! accordingly.
Fig.10.8: Sprite moving with saying “Hello”
Program 4: To make a Duplicate Copy of Sprite
In Scratch, a sprite has a pen to draw figures on the stage. The Pen block allows
you to change the behavior of the sprite's pen. The Pen blocks are given in
green
colour.
To create duplicate copy of the Sprite, the ( ) block is used.
Step 1: Drag out the block from the Motion blocks palette.
Step 2: Drag out the Snap the block from the Pen blocks palette.
Step 3: Drag the block from the Events blocks palette.
The final script is:
Step 4: Clicking on the green flag the output appears.
Fig.10.9: Sprite duplicated while moving forward
SUMMARY
A computer understands only a few special languages of its own. These are
known as programming languages.
Scratch allows you to create interactive stories, animations, and games with
great ease.
Scratch window has many components such as title bar, menu bar, stage,
sprite, Sprites area, Blocks menu, Script Area and Blocks palette.
Sprite is a small graphic character that performs actions on the stage.
Script Area is the place where you drop the blocks dragged from the Blocks
palette.
The Motion block includes instructions (blocks) that control the movement
of sprite on the stage.
The Looks block changes the appearance of the sprite and background of the stage.
The Control block contains programming statements like Conditional if-else statement, "forever", "repeat",
and "stop” to move the sprite according to the specified condition.
The Events block is used to trigger an event.
Test Yourself
A. Multiple choice questions.
1. In which year was the Scratch programming language developed?
a. 2003 b. 2004 c. 2005
2. Which of the following button allows you to create a duplicate copy of the sprite?
a. Copy b. Duplicate c. Grow
3. On which area do you drop the blocks dragged from the Blocks pallette?
a. Stage b. Sprite area c. Script Area
4. Scratch is a _________________programming platform.
a. Visual
b. Virtual
c. Both a. and b.
5. The Looks block is ________________ in color.
a. Green
b. Yellow
c. Purple
B. Fill in the blanks.
Hints: Stage Title bar Connect Scratch .sb2
1. .......................... is one of the easiest computer languages.
2. In Scratch, we simply .......................... different blocks of code to build the entire program.
3. A Scratch 2 project is saved with .......................... extension.
4. .......................... is the main working area where you can see whatever you create in action.
5. The .......................... is present at the top of the Scratch window. It
displays the name of the program.
C. State True or False.
1. The default sprite of Scratch is a 'dog'.
2. Children can use scratch to create their own games, animates
Movies,etc.
3. Scratch is a paid software,it means cannot be downloaded freely from the Internet.
4.The Motion blocks are given in blue colour.
5. In Scratch 2, the Pen block is green in color.
D. Match the following columns.
Column A Column B
1. a. Red stop sign
2. b. Sprite
3. c. Menu bar
4. d. Green flag
5. e. Icon of Scratch 2
E. Answer the following questions.
1. Write the steps to start Scratch 2 program.
2. When was Scratch released?
3. What is the purpose of Scratch?
4. What is a sprite?
5. What is a stage?
F. Life Skills.
1. Rahul wants to develop a program in Scratch. Tell him the steps to launch the Scratch program.
2. Binny wants to create a Scratch project in which she want to move the cat sprite 20 steps ahead.
Tell her the steps to do so.
ACTIVITY SESSION
Fun in Searching
Find and encircle 7 meaningful terms extracted from this chapter. See across, downward and
upward. Also, fill in the blanks for the same.
T S M
P P O
I S C R A T C H
R T I I
C A T T L O O K S
S G E N
E
1. The default cat of Scratch. ____________________
2. A fun-filled programming language. ____________________
3. A white background. ____________________
4. A block used to control the movement of sprite. ____________________
5. A block used to change the appearance of the sprite. ____________________
6. An object to perform programming on it. ____________________
7. It is used to move the sprite. It is created in the scripts area.
____________________
B. Unscramble the jumbled letters to get the components of Scratch 2 software.
1. STGEA ___________________________
2. SRPIET __________________________
3. TILET ARB __________________________
4. GEENR FAGL ___________________________
5. SRITEP LSTI ___________________________
OPT(alag alag box main
dijiyega har letter ko)
Fun in Exploring
Explore the interface of Scratch 3.0. Make a note on the difference between the
interface of both the versions of Scratch(Scratch 2.0 and Scratch 3.0).
Fun in the Lab
A. Do the following activities on Scratch:
Start the Scratch2 software.
Move the sprite 30 steps ahead.
When it touches the edge, a ‘Hello’ message is displayed.
Save the Scratch project.
B. Perform the four projects given as part of this chapter, in the lab session. Show
it to your teacher one-by-one.
Art Integrated Project Taken from Book 5
Icon pg no 106
Teacher’s Notes
Scratch is a new concept for the students. So, you go slow with it.
Ensure that every student understands the use of Scratch.
Encourage the students to perform simple programs in Scratch on their own.
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