12th Grade

SOCIETY AND THE

HUMAN PERSON
-Lesson 3-
Quarter 4
Lesson 3: SOCIETY AND THE HUMAN PERSON

THE INDIVIDUAL AND

SOCIETY
Generally, society is defined as a
lasting social group whose members
have developed organized patterns
of relationships through interaction
with one another. Society came to
exist due to humans' natural
capacity to associate with others.
 THE INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIETY

Their being social animals had enabled them to

form groups that started with a small community
(family) to a highly developed, systematized, and
structured community (society).
This is the time where an individual learns to
develop a specific culture comprised of folkways
and beliefs recognized by all members of the
community.
 THE INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIETY

An individual's concept of freedom is also

shaped by his/her own society. Adhering to
the norms and laws imposed by society,
he/she views freedom as something limited
rather than absolute. His/her free will is
exercised with due recognition and respect to
the free will of others.
 THE INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIETY

With society, a person learns how to submit to

authorities and surrender some of his/her
freedom to attain a peaceful and harmonious
environment. Society and its members share a
bond that makes them inseparable.
 The Individual and the Social
Contract Theory
● A very popular theory on the origin
of society is the social contract
theory which states that society
came to exist out of people's
desire to have harmony in their
community.
THE INDIVIDUAL AND THE SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY

According to this, society was established

because of the agreement entered into by the
individuals in the community to form a set of
laws and rules to which they must conform
and abide.
Social contract implies that the individuals in
the community must surrender some of their
liberties in exchange for social order.
Man and Social Systems
● A social system is the interaction
of two or more individuals in a
bordered situation. These
individuals are well-oriented with
each other and have a strong
sense of familiarity with each
other. A certain social system
operates on the basis of norms
and standards shared by its
members.
 Man and Social Systems

Social systems exist within a family, a

team, a political party, or any social
structure where individuals could
share common interests and
sentiments. The stability and longevity
of a social system depend primarily on
the established norms and values of
the individuals or the members of an
institution.
 Man and Social Systems

They are also viewed as an open

system which means that individual
members of a certain system also have
regular and constant interactions with
members of the other social systems.
This goes without saying that an
individual could be a part of two or
more social systems.
ELEMENTS OF A SOCIAL SYSTEM
 ELEMENTS OF A SOCIAL SYSTEM

Beliefs
This element brings unity and
uniformity to the collective behavior of
a group. Beliefs are brought by the
prevalence of customs and cultures of
society. The set of beliefs of a certain
social system propels it to move
forward as it provides its members
with a clear-cut direction in life.
 ELEMENTS OF A SOCIAL SYSTEM

Sentiments
Sentiments mirror what the members
feel about the world and society. This is
basically one of the reasons why social
systems are established. People who
share common sentiments toward
something feel a strong sense of
belongingness that enables them to
establish close association with each
other.
 ELEMENTS OF A SOCIAL SYSTEM

Goals and objectives

Every social system has its goals and
objectives to achieve. This is the very
reason why social systems are formed
to meet certain goals and realize their
ultimate objectives. Goals and
objectives determine the very nature
of a social system.
 ELEMENTS OF A SOCIAL SYSTEM

Norms
Norms keep a social system intact.
With the presence of these norms,
members of a certain social system are
oftentimes hesitant to deviate from the
rules. Instead, they act in accordance
to various norms and standards
imposed upon them by society. Norms
are key ingredients to the stability of a
social system.
 ELEMENTS OF A SOCIAL SYSTEM

Statuses and roles

Every individual member in a social
system plays a certain role.
Status is the position which an
individual holds in the society.
ELEMENTS OF A SOCIAL SYSTEM

Statuses and roles

While roles are social patterns usually
determined by a person's status in
society. Such statuses may come by
virtue of birth or by assignment. Every
member is expected to obey the rules
in accordance with one's respective
status in the society.
 ELEMENTS OF A SOCIAL SYSTEM

Authority
One of the salient features of a social
system is power or authority. Every
social system must have the authority
over its members. Otherwise, conflict
may arise within the system should
there be an absence of authority.
 ELEMENTS OF A SOCIAL SYSTEM

Sanction
Sanction is a mechanism for social
control meted to the members of a
social system to ensure conformity to
its norms and laws. Sanction is needed
for a social system to thrive and
survive.
Forms of Societies
Human relations often vary depending
upon the form of society where a person
belongs. Humans, over the course of time,
have developed various societies that
paved the way for the development of
civilization. Each stage of social creation
and development is characterized by their
ability to improve themselves and develop
their full potentials.
 FORMS OF SOCIETIES

Nomadic Societies
(Hunter-gatherer
societies)
This society is characterized
by animal-hunting, fishing,
and plant or fruit-gathering.
 FORMS OF SOCIETIES | Nomadic Societies

The survival of the members of this society

depended solely on the immediate environment.
The people in this society were called nomadic as
they transferred from one place to another
depending on the availability of resources.
FORMS OF SOCIETIES | Nomadic Societies

Bajau Lauts are known for

dwelling in boats, making them
one of the few remaining ethnic
groups in the world that are still
nomadic, Bajaus reside or roam
usually in the areas of Sulu,
Basilan, Sabah, and some parts
of Indonesia. Oftentimes, this
type of society was also known
as tribal society.
 FORMS OF SOCIETIES

Pastoral Societies
Survival in this society was
based on the domestication
of animals. The practice of
domesticating animals
allowed for a more
manageable food supply
compared to that of the
nomadic society.
 FORMS OF SOCIETIES | Pastoral Societies

In pastoral societies, they were able to have a

surplus of food which paved the way for the sorting
of food for future use. Because of the idea of
storage, members of this society began to settle
permanently in a certain area or territory.
 FORMS OF SOCIETIES

Horticultural
Societies
Horticultural societies relied
on the cultivation of plants,
fruits, and vegetables.
They emerged as almost
the same time as pastoral
societies.
 FORMS OF SOCIETIES | Horticultural Societies

This society was also called mobile society as

people tend to leave their territory the moment the
supply of plants, vegetables, water, and land
resources become scarce.
 FORMS OF SOCIETIES

Agricultural
Societies
In this type of society,
advancement in technology
was already utilized
especially in the cultivation
of crops and raising farm
animals.
 FORMS OF SOCIETIES | Agricultural Societies

• Some scholars called this period as the

agricultural revolution which was characterized
by an increase in food supplies. This eventually
led to larger and bigger populations. Trade
industry became rampant.
• However, a noticeable degree of social
stratification occurred in this period as women
took on lesser roles in providing food for the
family because of the improvement in food
storage.
 FORMS OF SOCIETIES | Agricultural Societies

• Women during this time became more and more

subordinate.
• As communities grew bigger, conflicts with the
neighboring communities began to arise. This led
farmers to provide warriors with food, in
exchange for their safety and protection.
 FORMS OF SOCIETIES

Industrial Societies
With the invention of steam
engines, industrial societies
emerged. Bigger communities
began inventing mechanized
factories for food production.
 FORMS OF SOCIETIES | Industrial Societies

• This period of history was known as the

Industrial Revolution which started in England
and eventually spread throughout the world.
With the increase in productivity, communities
began improving their mode of transportation to
facilitate better services in terms of commerce
and trade.
 FORMS OF SOCIETIES | Industrial Societies

• Industrialization paved the way for the

emergence of large cities. This period was also
characterized by the increase in cultural
diversity and social mobility.
 FORMS OF SOCIETIES

Post-industrial
Societies
The industrial revolution paved
the way for the emergence of
a technology-hungry world
and a tech-based society.
 FORMS OF SOCIETIES | Post-Industrial Societies

• There was no stopping the world to invent

anything that would lessen human effort and
would make life easier for everybody.
• In present-day society, all information is just a
click away and the means of communication
seem to be the most amazing miracle given to
humans by technology.
 FORMS OF SOCIETIES | Post-Industrial Societies

• This period is also characterized by the increase

in the standards of education, commerce, trade,
and business.
• This era of technological advancement also
paved the way for the rapid development in
science and research. Because of this,
information now transcends beyond the
boundaries of the earth and even the universe.
 FORMS OF SOCIETIES

Virtual Society
With the advent of the Internet
and other technological
advancements, humans were
able to establish a society far
beyond what they imagined
centuries ago.
 FORMS OF SOCIETIES | Virtual Societies

• They were able to build a virtual society of

people who share common interests, ideas,
sentiments, and beliefs via the Internet, and
called it the social network.
• This virtual world of humans is known as
cyberspace.
 FORMS OF SOCIETIES | Virtual Societies

• It is a virtual reality where the members are not

constrained by territorial boundaries and
geographical difficulties.
• This society was made possible by an enhanced
telecommunication system and well-advanced
computer technology.
• It is very interactive that it could shape the
opinion of people without difficulty.
END OF LESSON 3
Any questions?

Get ready
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Exercise No. 1: “Where do you
belong?”
Instructions. Identify the social system
where you belong and fill out the needed
information in the boxes below.
Your social system could be your school,
your community, or your family.
Exercise No. 1: “Where do you belong?”
______________________
NAME OF THE SOCIAL SYSTEM
Beliefs Sentiments

Goals and objectives Norms

Statuses and roles Authority

Sanctions