Chapter - 2

Data Handling

Exercise
In questions 1 to 35 there are four options given, out of which one is
correct. Choose the correct answer.

1. The height of a rectangle in a histogram shows the

(a) Width of the class
(b) Upper limit of the class
(c) Lower limit of the class
(d) Frequency of the class

Solution:
(d) Frequency of the class
The height of a rectangle in a histogram shows the frequency of the class.

2. A geometric representation showing the relationship between a whole

and its parts is a
(a) Pie chart
(b) Histogram
(c) Bar graph
(d) Pictograph

Solution:
(a) Pie chart
A geometric representation showing the relationship between a whole and its parts is pie
chart.

3. In a pie chart, the total angle at the centre of the circle is

(a) 180°
(b) 360°
(c) 270°
(d) 90°

Solution:
(b) 360o
The total angle at the centre of the circle is 360°.

4. The range of the data 30, 61, 55, 56, 60, 20, 26, 46, 28, 56 is
(a) 26
(b) 30
(c) 41
(d) 61

Solution:
(c) 41

The difference between the lowest and the highest observation in a given data is called its
Range.
So,
Range = Highest observation – Lowest observation
= 61 – 20
= 41

5. Which of the following is not a random experiment?

(a) Tossing a coin
(b) Rolling a dice
(c) Choosing a card from a deck of 52 cards
(d) Throwing a stone from a roof of a building

Solution:
(d) Throwing a stone from a roof of a building.
As in this case there is only one output that is the stone will fall down therefore it is not a
random experiment.

6. What is the probability of choosing a vowel from the alphabets?

21
(a)
26
5
(b)
26
1
(c)
26
3
(d)
26

Solution:
5
(b)
26
Number of vowels
Probability =
Total number of alphabets
5
=
26
7. In a school only, 3 out of 5 students can participate in a competition.
What is the probability of the students who do not make it to the
competition?
(a) 0.65
(b) 0.4
(c) 0.45
(d) 0.6

Solution:
(b) 0.4
Number of students who do not make it to the competition
Probability =
Total number of students.
2
=
5
= 0.4

Students of a class voted for their favouritecolour and a pie chart was
prepared based onthe data collected.
Observe the pie chart given below and answerquestions 8 –10 based on it.

1
8. Which colour received of the votes?
5
(a) Red
(b) Blue
(c) Green
(d) Yellow

Solution:
(c) Green

According to question,
1
× 100 = 0.2 × 100
5
= 20%
9. If 400 students voted in all, then how many did vote ‘Others’ colour as
their favourite?
(a) 6
(b) 20
(c) 24
(d) 40

Solution:
(c) 24
From the pie chart, 6% out of 400 students voted for others,
So,
6%
× 400 = 0.06 × 400
100%
= 24

10. Which of the following is a reasonable conclusion for the given data?
1
(a) th student voted for blue colour
20
(b) Green is the least popular colour
(c) The number of students who voted for red colour is two times the
number of students who voted for yellow colour
(d) Number of students liking together yellow and green colour is
approximately the same as those for red colour.

Solution:
(d) Number of students liking together yellow and green colour is approximately the same as
those for red colour.

11. Listed below are the temperature in °C for 10 days.

–6, –8, 0, 3, 2, 0, 1, 5, 4, 4
What is the range of the data?
(a) 8
(b) 13°C
(c) 10°C
(d) 12°C

Solution:
(b) 13oC
The difference between the lowest and the highest observation in a given data is called its
Range.
So,
Range = Highest observation – Lowest observation
= 5 – (-8)
 =5+8
= 13oC

12. Ram put some buttons on the table. There were 4 blue, 7 red, 3black
and 6 white buttons in all. All of a sudden, a cat jumped onthe table and
knocked out one button on the floor. What is theprobability that the button
on the floor is blue?
7
(a)
20
3
(b)
5
1
(c)
5
1
(d)
4

Solution:
1
(c)
5
Number of blue buttons on the table
Probability =
Total number of buttons on the table
4
=
20
1
=
5

13. Rahul, Varun and Yash are playing a game of spinning a coloured
wheel. Rahul wins if spinner lands on red. Varun wins if spinner lands on
blue and Yash wins if it lands on green. Which of the following spinner
should be used to make the game fair?

Solution:
(d) (iv) this figure contains equal share for three colours.
14. In a frequency distribution with classes 0 –10, 10 –20 etc., the size of the
class intervals is 10. The lower limit of fourth class is
(a) 40
(b) 50
(c) 20
(d) 30

Solution:
(d) 30

We have,
The lower value of the class interval is called its Lower Class Limit.
First class = 0 -10
Second class = 10 – 20
Third class = 20 – 30
Fourth class = 30 – 40
Fifth class = 40 – 50
and
Tenth class = 90 – 100

15. A coin is tossed 200 times and head appeared 120 times. The probability
of getting a head in this experiment is
2
(a)
5
3
(b)
5
1
(c)
5
4
(d)
5

Solution:
3
(b)
5
Number of times head appeared
Probability =
Total number of times coin is tossed
120
=
200
3
=
5
16. Data collected in a survey shows that 40% of the buyers are interested
in buying a particular brand of toothpaste. The central angle of the sector
of the pie chart representing this information is
(a) 120°
(b) 150°
(c) 144°
(d) 40°

Solution:

40
(c) 144o = × 360o
100
= 0.4 × 360o
= 144o

17. Monthly salary of a person is Rs. 15000. The central angle of the sector
representing his expenses on food and house rent on a piechart is 60°. The
amount he spends on food and house rent is
(a) Rs. 5000
(b) Rs. 2500
(c) Rs. 6000
(d) Rs. 9000

Solution:
(b) Rs. 2500

We have,
60o
The part of monthly salary spent on food and house rent =
360o
60o
The amount he spends on food and house rent is = ( ) × 15000
360o
= Rs. 2500

18. The following pie chart gives the distribution of constituents in the
human body. The central angle of the sector showing the distribution of
protein and other constituents is
(a) 108°
(b) 54°
(c) 30°
(d) 216°

Solution:
(a) 108o
The distribution of protein and other constituents is = 16% + 14%
= 30%
So,
(30%) × 360o = 108o

19. Rohan and Shalu are playing with 5 cards as shown in the figure. What
is the probability of Rohan picking a card without seeing, that has the
number 2 on it?

2
(a)
5
1
(b)
5
3
(c)
5
4
(d)
5

Solution:
2
(a)
5

Number of cards having 2

Probability =
Total number of cards
2
=
5

20. The following pie chart represents the distribution of proteins in parts
of a human body. What is the ratio of distribution of proteins in the
muscles to that of proteins in the bones?
(a) 3 : 1
(b) 1 : 2
(c) 1 : 3
(d) 2 : 1

Solution:

(d) 2 : 1

We have,
1
Distribution of protein in the muscles =
3
1
Distribution of protein in the bones =
6
So,
Ratio of distribution of proteins in the muscles to that of proteins in the bones,
1 1
= :
3 6
1
= ( ) × (6)
3
=2:1

21. What is the central angle of the sector (in the above pie chart)
representing skin and bones together?
(a) 36°
(b) 60°
(c) 90°
(d) 96°

Solution:
(d) 96o
1
Distribution of protein in the skin =
10
1
Distribution of protein in the bones =
6
Central angle of the sector representing skin and bones,
  1 1
=  +   360o
 10 6 
= 96o

22. What is the central angle of the sector (in the above pie chart)
representing hormones enzymes and other proteins.
(a) 120°
(b) 144°
(c) 156°
(d) 176°

Solution:
(b) 144o
1
Distribution of protein in the skin =
10
1
Distribution of protein in the bones =
6
1
Distribution of protein in the Muscles =
3
Central angle of the sector representing skin, muscles and bones,
1 1 1
= + +
10 6 3
18
= × 360o
30
= 216o
So,
Central angle of the sector representing hormones enzymes and other proteins,
= 360o – 216o
= 144o

23. A coin is tossed 12 times and the outcomes are observed as shown
below:

The chance of occurrence of Head is

1
(a)
2
5
(b)
12
 7
(c)
12
5
(d)
7

Solution:
5
(b)
12

24. Total number of outcomes, when a ball is drawn from a bag which
contains 3 red, 5 black and 4 blue balls is
(a) 8
(b) 7
(c) 9
(d) 12

Solution:
(d) 12

25. A graph showing two sets of data simultaneously is known as

(a) Pictograph
(b) Histogram
(c) Pie chart
(d) Double bar graph

Solution:
(d) Double bar graph

26. Size of the class 150 –175 is

(a) 150
(b) 175
(c) 25
(d) –25

Solution:
(c) 25
The difference between the upper class limit and lower class limit of a class is called the Size
of the class.
So,
Upper limit – lower limit = 175 – 150
= 25

27. In a throw of a dice, the probability of getting the number 7 is

 1
(a)
2
1
(b)
6
(c) 1
(d) 0

Solution:
(d) 0
Only 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 are in the dice.
So, no chance of getting number 7.

28. Data represented using circles is known as

(a)Bar graph
(b) Histogram
(c) Pictograph
(d) Pie chart

Solution:
(d) Pie chart.

29. Tally marks are used to find

(a) Class intervals
(b) Range
(c) Frequency
(d) Upper limit

Solution:
(c) Frequency

30. Upper limit of class interval 75 –85 is

(a) 10
(b) –10
(c) 75
(d) 85

Solution:
(d) 85

31. Numbers 1 to 5 are written on separate slips, i.e one number on one slip
and put in a box. Wahida pick a slip from the box without lookingat it.
What is the probability that the slip bears an odd number?
 1
(a)
5
2
(b)
5
3
(c)
5
4
(d)
5

Solution:
3
(c)
5
Number 1 to 5 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Odd number 1 to 5 = 1, 3, 5
Total number of odd number slips
Probability =
Total number of slips
3
=
5

32. A glass jar contains 6 red, 5 green, 4 blue and 5 yellowmarbles of same
size. Hari takes out a marble fromthe jar at random. What is the
probability that thechosen marble is of red colour?

7
(a)
10
3
(b)
10
4
(c)
5
2
(d)
5

Solution:
3
(b)
10
 Total number of red marbles
Probability =
Total number of marbels
6
=
20
3
=
10

33. A coin is tossed two times. The number of possible outcomes is

(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 4

Solution:
(d) 4
Head Head, Tail Tail, Tail Head, Head Tail.

34. A coin is tossed three times. The number of possible outcomes is

(a) 3
(b) 4
(c) 6
(d) 8

Solution:
(d) 8
HHH, TTT, THH, HTH, HHT, HTT, THT, TTH

35. A dice is tossed two times. The number of possible outcomes is

(a) 12
(b) 24
(c) 36
(d) 30

Solution:
(c) 36
(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6) = 6
(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6) = 6
(3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6) = 6
(4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6) = 6
(5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6) = 6
(6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6) = 6
= 36
In questions 36 to 58, fill in the blanks to make the statements true.

36. Data available in an unorganized form is called __________ data.

Solution:
Data available in an unorganized form is called raw data.

37. In the class interval 20 – 30, the lower class limit is __________.

Solution:
In the class interval 20 – 30, the lower class limit is 20.

38. In the class interval 26 – 33, 33 is known as __________.

Solution:
In the class interval 26 – 33, 33 is known as upper class limit.

39. The range of the data 6, 8, 16, 22, 8, 20, 7, 25 is __________.

Solution:
The difference between the lowest and the highest observation in a given data is called its
Range.
So,
Range = Highest observation – Lowest observation
= 25 – 6
= 19
The range of the data 6, 8, 16, 22, 8, 20, 7, 25 is 19.

40. A pie chart is used to compare __________ to a whole.

Solution:
A pie chart is used to compare parts to a whole.

41. In the experiment of tossing a coin one time, the outcome is either
__________ or __________.

Solution:
In the experiment of tossing a coin one time, the outcome is either Head or Tail.

42. When a dice is rolled, the six possible outcomes are __________.

Solution:-
When a dice is rolled, the six possible outcomes are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.
43. Each outcome or a collection of outcomes in an experiment makes an
__________.

Solution:
Each outcome or a collection of outcomes in an experiment makes an Event.

44. An experiment whose outcomes cannot be predicted exactly in advance

is called a __________ experiment.

Solution:
An experiment whose outcomes cannot be predicted exactly in advance is called a random
experiment.

45. The difference between the upper and lower limit of a class interval is
called the __________ of the class interval.

Solution:
The difference between the upper and lower limit of a class interval is called the size/width of
the class interval.

46. The sixth class interval for a grouped data whose first two class
intervals are 10 – 15 and 15 – 20 is __________.

Solution:
The sixth class interval for a grouped data whose first two class intervals are 10 – 15 and 15 –
20 is 35 – 40.

Histogram given the number of people owning the different number of

books. Answer 47 to 50 based on it.
47. The total number of people surveyed is __________.

Solution:
Form Histogram,
The total number of people surveyed is 35.

48. The number of people owning books more than 60 is __________.

Solution:
The number of people owning books more than 60 is 8.

49. The number of people owning books less than 40 is __________.

Solution:
The number of people owning books less than 40 is 22.

50. The number of people having books more than 20 and less than 40 is
__________.

Solution:

The number of people having books more than 20 and less than 40 is 14.

51. The number of times a particular observation occurs in a given datais

called its __________.

Solution:
The number of times a particular observation occurs in a given data is called its Frequency.
52. When the number of observations is large, the observations are usually
organized in groups of equal width called __________.

Solution:
When the number of observations is large, the observations are usually organised in groups of
equal width called class intervals.

53. The total number of outcomes when a coin is tossed is __________.

Solution:
The total number of outcomes when a coin is tossed is 2.

54. The class size of the interval 80 – 85 is __________.

Solution:
Class size = 85 – 80
=5
The class size of the interval 80 – 85 is 5.

55. In a histogram __________ are drawn with width equal to a class

interval without leaving any gap in between.

Solution:
In a histogram bars are drawn with width equal to a class interval without leaving any gap in
between.

56. When a dice is thrown, outcomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 are equally __________.

Solution:
When a dice is thrown, outcomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 are equally likely.

57. In a histogram, class intervals and frequencies are taken along

__________ axis and __________ axis.

Solution:

In a histogram, class intervals and frequencies are taken along X axis and Y axis.

58. In the class intervals 10 –20, 20 –30, etc., respectively, 20 lies in the class
__________.

Solution:
In the class intervals 10 –20, 20 –30, etc., respectively, 20 lies in the class 20 – 30.
In questions 59 to 81, state whether the statements are true (T) or false (F).

59. In a pie chart a whole circle is divided into sectors.

Solution:
True.
Pie chart shows the relationship between a whole and its parts.

60. The central angle of a sector in a pie chart cannot be more than 180°.

Solution:
False.
The central angle of a sector in a pie chart is more than 180o.
But, cannot be more than 360o.

61. Sum of all the central angles in a pie chart is 360°.

Solution:
True.

62. In a pie chart two central angles can be of 180°.

Solution:
True.
We have sum of all the central angles in a pie chart is 360o. So, if two angles have 180o each
then the sum of two angles is 360o.

63. In a pie chart two or more central angles can be equal.

Solution:
True.
Yes, in a pie chart two or more central angles can be equal.

64. Getting a prime number on throwing a die is an event.

Using the following frequency table, answer question 65-68

Marks 4 5 7 8 9 10
(obtained
out of 10)
Frequency 5 10 8 6 12 9
Solution:
True.
Each outcome or a collection of outcomes in an experiment makes an Event.

65. 9 students got full marks.

Solution:
True.
From the table, given that 9 students got 10 out of 10 marks.

66. The frequency of less than 8 marks is 29.

Solution:
False.
The frequency of less than 8 marks is 8 + 10 + 5 = 23 students.

67. The frequency of more than 8 marks is 21.

Solution:
True.
The frequency of more than 8 marks is 12 + 9 = 21 students.

68. 10 marks the highest frequency.

Solution:
False.
9 marks has highest frequency, i.e. 12. But, 10 has 9 frequency.

69. If the fifth class interval is 60 – 65, fourth class interval is 55 – 60, then
the first class interval is 45 –50.

Solution:
False.

The first class interval is 40 – 45, second class interval is 45 – 50, third class interval is
50 – 55, fourth class interval 55 – 60, fifth class interval is 60 – 65.

70. From the histogram given below, we can say that 1500 males above the
age of 20 are literate.
Solution:
False.
From histogram, we can say that (600 + 800 + 500) = 1900 males above the age of 20 are
literate.

71. The class size of the class interval 60 – 68 is 8.

Solution:
True.
The difference between the upper and lower limit of a class interval is called the size of the
class interval so,
68 – 60 = 8

72. If a pair of coins is tossed, then the number of outcomes are 2.

Solution:
False.
If a pair of coins is tossed, then the number of outcomes are 4.
HH, TT, TH and HT.

73. On throwing a dice once, the probability of occurrence of an even

1
number is .
2

Solution:
True.
The even numbers in a dice are 2, 4 and 6.

Total number of even numbers

Probability =
Total numbers
3
=
6
 1
=
2

74. On throwing a dice once, the probability of occurrence of a composite

1
number is .
2

Solution:
False.
The composite numbers in a dice are 4 and 6.
Total number of composite numbers
Probability =
Total numbers
2
=
6
1
=
3

75. From the given pie chart, we can infer that production of Manganese is
least in state B.

Solution:
False.
It is not possible to declare, from the given pie chart that the production of Manganese is least
in state B. Because, we do not know the central angle of the sectors.

76. One or more outcomes of an experiment make an event.

Solution:
True.
Each outcome or a collection of outcomes in an experiment makes an Event.

1
77. The probability of getting number 6 in a throw of a dice is . Similarly
6
1
the probability of getting a number 5 is .
5
Solution:
False.
1
The probability of getting a number 5 is .
6

78. The probability of getting a prime number is the same as that of

composite number in a throw of a dice.

Solution:
False.
The composite numbers in a dice are 4 and 6.
Total number of composite numbers
Probability =
Total numbers
2
=
6
1
=
3
The prime numbers in a dice are 2, 3 and 5.
Total number of prime numbers
Probability =
Total numbers
3
=
6
1
=
2

79. In a throw of a dice, the probability of getting an even number is the

same as that of getting an odd number.

Solution:
True.
The even numbers in a dice are 2, 4 and 6.
Total number of even numbers
Probability =
Total numbers
3
=
6
1
=
2
The odd numbers in a dice are 1, 3 and 5.
Total number of odd numbers
Probability =
Total numbers
3
=
6
 1
=
2

80. To verify Pythagoras theorem is a random experiment.

Solution:
False.
We know the result i.e. only one result before going to verify the Pythagoras theorem. So, it
is not a random experiment.

81. The following pictorial representation of data is a histogram.

Solution:
True.
Histogram is a type of bar diagram, where the class intervals are shown on the horizontal axis
and the heights of the bars (rectangles) show the frequency of the class interval, but there is
no gap between the bars as there is no gap between the class intervals.

82. Given below is a frequency distribution table. Read it and answer the
questions that follow:
Class interval Frequency
10-20 5
20-30 10
30-40 4
40-50 15
50-60 12
(a) What is the lower limit of the second class interval?
(b) What is the upper limit of the last class interval?
(c) What is the frequency of the third class?
(d) Which interval has a frequency of 10?
(e) Which interval has the lowest frequency?
(f) What is the class size?
Solution:

(a) The lower limit of second class interval (20-30) is 20.

(b) The .upper limit of the last class interval (50-60) is 60.

(c) The frequency of the third class (30-40) is 4.

(d) The interval (20-30) has a frequency of 10.

(e) The interval (30-40) has the lowest frequency = 4.

(f) We have,
Class size = Upper class limit – Lower class limit
Taking first class, 10-20, So,
Class size = 20-10
= 10

83. The top speeds of thirty different land animals have been organized into
a frequency table. Draw a histogram for the given data.
Maximum speed (km/h) Frequency
10-20 5
20-30 5
30-40 10
40-50 8
50-60 0
60-70 2

Solution:
Histogram is a type of bar diagram, where the class intervals are shown on the horizontal axis
and the heights of the bars (rectangles) show the frequency of the class interval, but there is
no gap between the bars as there is no gap between the class intervals.
84. Given below is a pie chart showing the time spend by a group of 350
children in different games. Observe it and answer the questions that
follow.

(a) How many children spend at least one hour in playing games?

Solution:-
We have,
Percentage of children who at least spend one hour in playing = 16 + 30 + 34 + 10 + 4
= 94 %
94
Number of children out of 350 who at least spend one hour in playing = ( ) × 350
100
= 0.94 × 350
= 329 children

(b) How many children spend more than 2 hours in playing games?

Solution:-
From the given pie chart,
Percentage of children who spend 2 hours in playing = 34 + 10 + 4
= 48 %
48
Number of children out of 350 who at least spend one hour in playing = ( ) × 350
100
= 0.48 × 350
= 168 children

(c) How many children spend 3 or lesser hours in playing games?

Solution:-
From the given pie chart,
Percentage of children who at least spend one hour in playing = 6 + 16 + 30 + 34
= 86 %
86
Number of children out of 350 who at least spend one hour in playing = ( ) × 350
100
= 0.86 × 350
= 301 children

(d) Which is greater — number of children who spend 2 hours or more per
day or number of children who play for less than one hour?

Solution:-
Number of children who spend 2 hours or more per day = 30 + 34 + 10 + 4
= 78%
78
=( ) × 350
100
= 0.78 × 350
= 273 children

Number of children who play for less than one hour = 6%

6
=( ) × 350
100
= 0.06 × 350
= 21 children

Therefore, by comparing both it is clear that number of children who spend 2 hours or more
per day is greater.

85. The pie chart below shows the result of a survey carried out to find the
modes of travel used by the children to go to school. Study the pie chart
and answer the questions that follow.
(a) What is the most common mode of transport?

Solution:-
By observing the given pie chart the most common mode of transport is Bus. Its central angle
is 120o.

(b) What fraction of children travel by car?

Solution:-
We have from the given pie chart, central angle of the children travel by car is 90o.
So,
The fraction of children travel by car,
90o
=( )
360o
9
=
36
1
=
4

(c) If 18 children travel by car, how many children took part in the survey?

Solution:-
Let us assume total number of children took part in the survey be y
1
Number of children travel by car = ( ) of total number of children
4
1
18 = × y
4
Y = 18 × 4
Y = 72
So, 72 children took part in the survey.

(d) How many children use taxi to travel to school?

Solution:-
Central angle of children use taxi to travel to school = (360o – (120o + 60o + 90o + 60o)
= (360o – 330o)
= 30o
So,
30o
Out of 72 children number of children use taxi to travel to school = ( ) × 72
360o
=6

(e) By which two modes of transport are equal number of children

travelling?

Solution:-
From the given pie chart, cycle and walk are the two modes of transport are equal number of
children travelling. Because, central angle of the two modes are same = 60o.

86. A dice is rolled once. What is the probability that the number on top
will be
(a) Odd
(b) Greater than 5
(c) A multiple of 3
(d) Less than 1
(e) A factor of 36
(f) A factor of 6

Solution:
A dice is rolled once, the possible outcomes are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.
Then,
The probability that the number on top will be

(a) Odd
Odd numbers in the dice are 1, 3, 5
So,
Total number of odd numbers
Probability =
Total number of outcomes
3
=
6
1
=
2

(b) Greater than 5

Greater than 5 is 6
So,
Total number greater than 5
Probability =
Total number of outcomes
1
=
6
(c) A multiple of 3
Multiple of 3 = 3 and 6

So,
Total number of multiple of 3
Probability =
Total number of outcomes

2
=
6
1
=
3

(d) Less than 1

There is no number is less than 1.
So, probability of less than 1 = 0

(e) A factor of 36
Factors of 36 are 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6
Total number of factor of 36
Probability =
Total number of outcomes
5
=
6

(f) A factor of 6
Factors of 6 are 1, 2, 3 and 6
Total number of factor of 6
Probability =
Total number of outcomes
4
=
6
2
=
3

87. Classify the following statements under appropriate headings.

(a) Getting the sum of angles of a triangle as 180°.
(b) India winning a cricket match against Pakistan.
(c) Sun setting in the evening.
(d) Getting 7 when a die is thrown.
(e) Sun rising from the west.
(f) Winning a racing competition by you.
Certain to happen Impossible to happen May or may not
happen
Solution:

(a) It is certain to happen. As, the sum of angles of a triangle as 180o.

(b) It may or may not happen. As, the result of match is unpredictable.

(c) It is certain to happen. As, the sun always sets in the evening.

(d) It is impossible to happen. As, 7 is not an outcome when a dice is thrown.

(e) It is impossible to happen. As, Sun always rises from the east.

(f) It may or may not happen. As, the result is unpredictable.

88. Study the pie chart given below depicting the marks scored by a student
in an examination out of 540. Find the marks obtained by him in each
subject.

Solution:

We have,
Marks obtained by student in an examination = 540
Now, according to question,
16.67
Hindi =  540
100
= 90
25
English =  540
100
= 135
5.55
Socialstudies =  540
100
= 30
33.33
Maths =  540
100
= 180
19.44
Science =  540
100
= 105
89. Ritwik draws a ball from a bag that contains white and yellow balls.
2
The probability of choosing a white ball is . If the total number ofballs in
9
the bag is 36, find the number of yellow balls.

Solution:

From the question is given that,

2
Probability of choosing a white ball is =
9
The total number of balls in the bag is = 36
2
Number of white ball chosen = ( ) × 36
9
= 8 white balls

Then, the number of yellow balls = Total balls in bag – number of white balls
= 36 – 8
= 28 yellow balls

90. Look at the histogram below and answer the questions that follow.

(a) How many students have height more than or equal to 135 cm but less
than 150 cm?

Solution:-
By observing the given histogram,
Students have height more than or equal to 135 cm but less than 150 = 14 + 18 + 10
= 42

(b) Which class interval has the least number of students?

Solution:-
150 – 155 has the least number of students i.e. 4.
(c) What is the class size?

Solution:-
The difference between the upper and lower limit of a class interval is called the size of the
class interval.

Size = Upper limit – Lower limit

= 130 – 125
=5

(d) How many students have height less than 140 cm?

Solution:-
By observing the given histogram,
Students have height less than 140 cm = 6 + 8 + 14
= 28

91. Following are the number of members in 25 families of a village:

6, 8, 7, 7, 6, 5, 3, 2, 5, 6, 8, 7, 7, 4, 3, 6, 6, 6, 7, 5, 4, 3, 3, 2, 5.
Prepare a frequency distribution table for the data using class intervals 0 –
2, 2 –4, etc.

Solution:
First, we have to arrange the number of members in 25 families of a village ascending order.
2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 8, 8.

We will draw the frequency table of the given data.

92. Draw a histogram to represent the frequency distribution in question

91.
Solution:

93. The marks obtained (out of 20) by 30 students of a class in a test are as
follows:
14, 16, 15, 11, 15, 14, 13, 16, 8, 10, 7, 11, 18, 15, 14, 19, 20, 7, 10,
13, 12, 14, 15, 13, 16, 17, 14, 11, 10, 20.
Prepare a frequency distribution table for the above data using class
intervals of equal width in which one class interval is 4 –8 (excluding8 and
including 4).

Solution:

94. Prepare a histogram from the frequency distribution table obtained in

question 93.

Solution:
95. The weights (in kg) of 30 students of a class are:
39, 38, 36, 38, 40, 42, 43, 44, 33, 33, 31, 45, 46, 38, 37, 31, 30, 39,
41, 41, 46, 36, 35, 34, 39, 43, 32, 37, 29, 26.
Prepare a frequency distribution table using one class interval as (30 – 35),
35 not included.
(i) Which class has the least frequency?
(ii) Which class has the maximum frequency?

Solution:
At first, we have to arrange the weights (in kg) of 30 students of a class in an ascending
order.

26, 29, 30, 31, 31, 32, 33, 33, 34, 35, 36, 36, 37, 37, 38, 38, 38, 39, 39, 39, 40, 41, 41, 42, 43,
43, 44, 45, 46, 46

Now, we will draw the frequency table of the given data.

(i) Class first has the least frequency.
(ii) Class third has the maximum frequency.

96. Shoes of the following brands are sold in Nov. 2007 at a shoe store.
Construct a pie chart for the data.
Brand Number of pair of shoes sold
A 130
B 120
C 90
D 40
E 20

Solution:

We have,
Total number of pairs of shoes sold = 130 + 120 + 90 + 40 +20
= 400

Central angle of pie chart for each brands,

130
A=( ) × 360o
400
= 117o
 120
B=( ) × 360o
400
= 108o

90
C=( ) × 360o
400
= 81o

40
D=( ) × 360o
400
= 36o

20
E=( ) × 360o
400
= 18o

97. The following pie chart depicts the expenditure of a state government
under different heads.

(i) If the total spending is 10 crores, how much money was spent on roads?

Solution:-

Total amount spent by state government under different heads = 10 crores

We have,
Percentage of money spent on Roads = 10 %
10
Total money spent on Roads = ( ) × 100000000
100
= 1, 00, 00,000

(ii) How many times is the amount of money spent on education compared
to the amount spent on roads?

Solution:-

Total amount spent by state government under different heads = 10 crores

We have,
Percentage of money spent on Roads = 10 %
10
Total money spent on Roads = ( ) × 100000000
100
= ₹ 1, 00, 00,000

Percentage of money spent on Education = 25 %

25
Total money spent on Education = ( ) × 100000000
100
= ₹ 2, 50, 00,000
So,
Total money spent on Education 2,50,00,000
=
Total money spent on Roads 1,00,00,000
25
=
100
Money spent on education is 2.5 times of money spent on roads.

(iii) What fraction of the total expenditure is spent on both roads and
public welfare together?

Solution:-

Given, total amount spent by state government under different heads = 10 crores
From the given pie chart,
Percentage of money spent on Roads = 10 %
Percentage of money spent on Public Welfare = 20 %
So,
Fraction of the total expenditure is spent on both roads and public welfare together,
= 10% + 20%
10 20
=( )+( )
100 100
3
=
10

98. The following data represents the different number of animals in a zoo.
Prepare a pie chart for the given data.
Animals Number of animals
Deer 42
Elephant 15
Giraffe 26
Reptiles 24
Tiger 13
Solution:
From the table,
Total number of animals in a zoo = 42 + 15 + 26 + 24 +13
= 120

Central angle of pie chart for each animals,

42
Deer = ( ) × 360o
120
= 126o
15
Elephant = ( ) × 360o
120
= 45o
26
Giraffe = ( ) × 360o
120
= 78o
24
Reptiles = ( ) × 360o
120
= 72o
13
Tiger = ( ) × 360o
120
= 39o

99. Playing cards

(a) From a pack of cards the following cards are kept face down:
Suhail wins if he picks up a face card. Find the probability of Suhail
winning?
Solution:-
From the above figure,
Number of face cards = 1
Total number of cards = 7
Number of outcomes = 7
Number of face cards
Probability =
Total number of cards
1
=
7

(b) Now the following cards are added to the above cards:

What is the probability of Suhail winning now? Reshma wins if she picks
up a 4. What is the probability of Reshma winning?
[Queen, King and Jack cards are called face cards.]

Solution:

Number of face cards = 4

Total number of cards = 15
Number of outcomes = 15
Number of face cards
Probability =
Total number of cards
4
=
15

100. Construct a frequency distribution table for the following weights (in
grams) of 35 mangoes, using the equal class intervals, one of them is40 – 45
(45 not included).
30, 40, 45, 32, 43, 50, 55, 62, 70, 70, 61, 62, 53, 52, 50, 42, 35, 37, 53,
55, 65, 70, 73, 74, 45, 46, 58, 59, 60, 62, 74, 34, 35, 70, 68.
(a) How many classes are there in the frequency distribution table?
(b) Which weight group has the highest frequency?

Solution:
First, we have to arrange weights (in grams) of 35 mangoes in an ascending order.
30, 32, 34, 35, 35, 37, 40, 42, 43, 45, 45, 46, 50, 50, 52, 53, 53, 55, 55, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 62,
62, 65, 68, 70, 70, 70, 70, 73, 74, 74.

Now, we will draw the frequency table of the given data.

(a) There are nine classes in the frequency distribution table.

(b) 70 – 75 weight has the highest frequency.

101. Complete the following table:

Find the total number of persons whose weights are given in the above
table.

Solution:
102. Draw a histogram for the following data.
Class 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40
interval
Frequency 30 98 80 58 29 50

Solution:

Scale:
On X – axis, 1 big division = 4 marks
On Y – axis, 1 big division = 2 students

103. In a hypothetical sample of 20 people, the amount of money

(inthousands of rupees) with each was found to be as follows:
114, 108, 100, 98, 101, 109, 117, 119, 126, 131, 136, 143, 156,
169, 182, 195, 207, 219, 235, 118.
Draw a histogram of the frequency distribution, taking one of theclass
intervals as 50–100.

Solution:

At first, we will prepare the frequency distribution table,

Now,

104. The below histogram shows the number of literate females in the age
group of 10 to 40 years in a town.
(a) Write the classes assuming all the classes are of equal width.
(b) What is the classeswidth?
(c) In which age group are literate females the least?
(d) In which age group is the number of literate females the highest?
Solution:

(a) We have, the age group of 10 yr to 40 yr is to be divided into classes of equal width,
starting with 10. Then, the classes of equal width can be written as,
10-15,15-20,20-25,25-30, 30-35,35-40

(b) The width of the classes is 5, as the difference between upper class limit and lower
class limit is 5.

(c) In the age group of 10-15, the number of literate females is the least.

(d) In the age group of 15-20, the number of literate females is the highest.

105. The following histogram shows the frequency distribution of teaching

experiences of 30 teachers in various schools:
(a) What is the class width?
(b) How many teachers are having the maximum teaching experience and
how many have the least teaching experience?
(c) How many teachers have teaching experience of 10 to 20 years?

Solution:
(a) In the histogram, we see that the class width is 5.

(b) By the histogram, it is clear that two teachers have the maximum teaching experience,
15-20 years, and five teachers have the least teaching experience, 0-5 years.

(c) The number of teachers having experience from 10 to 20 years, is 7 + 2 = 9.

106. In a district, the number of branches of different banks is given below:

Bank State Bank Bank of Punjab Canara Bank
of India Baroda National
Bank
 Number 30 17 15 10
of
branches
Draw a pie chart for this data.

Solution:

Total number of branches = 30 + 17 + 15 + 10

= 72
According to question,

Now, the piechart,

107. For the development of basic infrastructure in a district, a project of

Rs 108 crore approved by Development Bank is as follows:
Item Road Electricity Drinking Sewage
Head water
Amount 43.2 16.2 27.00 21.6
in crore
 (Rs.)
Draw a pie chart for this data.

Solution:

We have,

Total number approved = 108 crore

Central angle of pie chart for each infrastructure,

43.2
Road = ( ) × 360o
108
=144o
16.2
Electricity = ( ) × 360o
108
= 54o

27
Drinking water = ( ) × 360o
108
= 90o

21.6
Sewerage = ( ) × 360o
108
= 72o

108. In the time table of a school, periods allotted per week to different
teaching subjects are given below:
Subject Hindi English Maths Science Social Computer Sanskrit
Science
Periods 7 8 8 8 7 4 3
Alloted
Draw a pie chart for this data.
Solution:

From the question,

Total number periods allotted = 7 + 8 + 8 + 8 + 7 + 4 + 3
= 45 periods

Central angle of pie chart for each subject,

7
Hindi = ( ) × 360o
45
= 56o

8
English = ( ) × 360o
45
= 64o
8
Maths = ( ) × 360o
45
= 64o
8
Science = ( ) × 360o
45
= 64o
7
Social Science = ( ) × 360o
45
= 56o
7
Computer = ( ) × 360o
45
= 32o
3
Sanskrit = ( ) × 360o
45
= 24o
109. A survey was carried out to find the favourite beverage preferred by a
certain group of young people. The following pie chart shows the findings
of this survey.
From this pie chart answer the following:

Solution:

(i) Which type of beverage is liked by the maximum number of people.

Solution:-

Cold drink is liked by the maximum number of people.

(ii) If 45 people like tea, how many people were surveyed?

Solution:-

We have,
45 people like tea
So,
Let total number of people surveyed be x,
15
45 = ( ) × (x)
100
45 = 0.15x
45
x=
0.15
x = 300
So, the total number of people surveyed is 300.

110. The following data represents the approximate percentage of water in

various oceans. Prepare a pie chart for the given data.
Pacific 40%
Atlantic 30%
Indian 20%
Others 10%

Solution:
The central angle of the given approximate percentage of water in various oceans,
40
Pacific = ( ) × 360o
100
= 144o

30
Atlantic = ( ) × 360o
100
= 108o
20
Indian = ( ) × 360o
100
= 72o
10
Others = ( ) × 360o
100
= 36o

111. At a Birthday Party, the children spin a wheel to get a gift.

Find the probability of

(a) getting a ball
(b) getting a toy car
(c) any toy except a chocolate
(a) getting a ball

Solution:-

Number of balls in wheel = 2

Total number of gifts = 8
Number of balls in wheels
Probability of getting a ball =
Total number of gifts
2
=
8
1
=
4

(b) getting a toy car

Solution:-

Number of cars in wheel = 3

Total number of gifts = 8
Number of cars in wheels
Probability of getting a ball =
Total number of gifts
3
=
8
(c) any toy except a chocolate

Solution:-

Number of toys except a chocolate = 7

Total number of gifts = 8
Number of toys except a chocolate
Probability of getting a ball =
Total number of gifts
7
=
8

112. Sonia picks up a card from the given cards.

Calculate the probability of getting

(a) an odd number

Solution:-

Total number of odd numbers in given cards = 5

Total number of cards = 10
Total number of odd numbers
Probability of getting an odd number =
total numberof cards
5
=
10
1
=
2
(b) a Y card

Solution:-

Total number of y cards = 3

Total number of cards = 10
Total number of Y cards
Probability of getting a Y card =
total numberof cards
3
=
10
(c) a G card

Total number of G cards = 2

Total number of cards = 10
Total number of G cards
Probability of getting a Gcard =
total numberof cards
2
=
10
1
=
5
(d) B card bearing number > 7

Total number B card bearing number > 7= 0

Total number of cards = 10

Total number of card bearing number > 7
Probability of getting a Y card =
total numberof cards
0
=
10
=0

113. Identify which symbol should appear in each sector in 113, 114.

Solution:

Total quantity obtained = 800 + 700 + 550 + 450

= 2500
Now,
28% of 2500 =700
22% of 2500 =550
18% of 2500 =450
32% of 2500 =800

Therefore,

114.
Solution:

We have,
Total number of ice-creams = 192 + 228 + 180 = 600

38
(i) ( ) × 600 = 228
100
Yellow colour icecream should appear in sector having 38%.

32
(ii) ( ) × 600 = 192
100
Red colour icecream should appear in sector having 32%.

30
(iii) ( ) × 600 = 180
100
Pink colour icecream should appear in sector having 30%.

115. A financial counselor gave a client this pie chart describing how to
budget his income. If the client brings home Rs. 50,000 each month, how
much should he spend in each category?

Solution:
We have,

Total money spent on 7 categories = Rs. 50,000

So,

30
(1) Money spent on Housing = ( ) × 50,000
100
= Rs. 15,000

20
(2) Money spent on Food (including eating out) = ( ) × 50,000
100
= Rs. 10,000

25
(3) Money spent on Car Loan and Maintenance = ( ) × 50,000
100
= Rs. 12,500

20
(4) Money spent on Utilities = ( ) × 50,000
100
= Rs. 10,000

5
(5) Money spent on Phone = ( ) × 50,000
100
= Rs. 2,500

5
(6) Money spent on Clothing = ( ) × 50,000
100
= Rs. 2,500

5
(7) Money spent on Entertainment = ( ) × 50,000
100
= Rs. 2,500

116. Following is a pie chart showing the amount spent in rupees (in
thousands) by a company on various modes of advertising for a product.
Now answer the following questions.
1. Which type of media advertising is the greatest amount of the total?

Solution:-

From figure,
The type of media advertising is the greatest amount of the total is Newspaper.

2. Which type of media advertising is the least amount of the total?

Solution:-
From figure,
The type of media advertising is the least amount of the total is Radio.

3. What per cent of the total advertising amount is spent on direct mail
campaigns?

Solution:-

We have,
Total amount spent by a company on various modes of advertising for a product,
= 40 + 42 + 23 + 7 + 11 + 39 + 14 + 15 + 9
= Rs. 200
Then,

Per cent of the total advertising amount is spent on direct mail campaigns
39
=( ) × 100
200
= 19.5%

4. What per cent of the advertising amount is spent on newspaper and

magazine advertisements?

Solution:-
We have,
Total amount spent by a company on various modes of advertising for a product,
= 40 + 42 + 23 + 7 + 11 + 39 + 14 + 15 + 9
= Rs. 200
So,

Per cent of the total advertising amount is spent on newspaper and magazine,

(42 + 23)
= × 100
200
65
= × 100
200
= 32.5%

5. What media types do you think are included in miscellaneous?

Why aren’t those media types given their own category?

Solution:-

Internet and web media are included in miscellaneous.