Match the informal vocabulary

in the list below with the more

appropriate formal options
from the box.
Go over - Review, revise
Show - Demonstrate, indicate, illustrate

Begin - Commence, initiate, undertake

Good - Satisfactorily,positive, favorable

Look at - Consider, monitor, analyze

A lot of - A great deal of, many
A bit - Somewhat, fairly
Fix - Solve, repair, amend
Make sure - Confirm, determine
Quite good - Reasonable
Classify the signal words
given based on how they
are used.
Since because however
Such as although so that
powerful due to finally
for instance
important
later
• Text structures (WDPI, 2012) refer to
the way authors organize information in
text.
• Recognizing the underlying structure of
texts can help students focus attention
on key concepts and relationships.
• Narrates an event/story with
characters, setting, conflict, point of
view, and plot.
• Descriptive language (adjectives,
adverbs, similes, and metaphors)
In a magical forest lived a gentle deer named Luna,
known for her kindness and healing touch. The
forest was peaceful—until one morning, a terrifying
beast arrived, shaking the earth with every step.
Fear spread among the animals, and the forest fell
into chaos.
• Who is the narrative about?
• Where is it set?
• What is the conflict?
• Who is telling the narrative?
• What is happening?
• Present ideas or events in
the order in which they
happen.
 “First, Pulse flour, sugar, and salt in a food
processor to combine. Next, add the butter
and process until the largest pieces are pea-
sized. Lastly, transfer to a large bowl.” BA’s
Best Apple Pie (bonappetit.com)
• What items, events, or steps are
listed?
• What sequence of events is being
described?
• What are the major incidents that
occur?
• Provide explanations or
reasons for phenomena.
 “Many people think that they can get
sick by going into cold weather
improperly dressed; however, illnesses
are not caused by temperature- they
are caused by germs.
• What happened?

• Why did it happen?

• What caused it to happen?

• Identify problems and pose
solutions
Transportation is the second leading source of greenhouse gas
emissions in the U.S. (burning a single gallon of gasoline
produces 20 pounds of CO2). But it doesn't have to be that
way. One way to dramatically curtail transportation fuel needs
is to move closer to work, use mass transit, or switch to
walking, cycling or some other mode of transport that does
not require anything other than human energy. There is also
the option of working from home and telecommuting several
days a week.” — 10 Solutions for Climate Change
(scientificamerican.com)
• What is the problem?
• Why is this a problem?
• Is anything being done to try to
solve the problem?
• What can be done to solve the
problem?
• Discuss two ideas, events, or
phenomena, showing how
they are different and how
they are similar.
 Beethoven has a much more fiery
personality. Whereas Mozart’s music is clean
and precise, Beethoven employs many
surprises in his music. Many times he will
build up the music as if it’s leading to
something only to suddenly get soft – his
trademark use of subito piano.”
• What items are being compared?

• In what ways are they similar?

Different?
• What conclusion does the author
reach about these items?
• Describes a topic by listing
characteristics, features,
attributes, and examples.
Two distinct desert ecosystems, the Mojave and the
Colorado, come together in Joshua Tree National
Park. A fascinating variety of plants and animals
make their homes in a land sculpted by strong winds
and occasional torrents of rain. Dark night skies, a
rich cultural history, and surreal geologic features
add to the wonder of this vast wilderness in
southern California”
• What are the most important
characteristics?
• How is it being described?
• What is important to remember
about it?
 There are two popular sports played at Milton,
basketball, and volleyball. Both take place inside
of the gym at Milton. Also, each sport has two
teams of people. In basketball, however, the ball
can be played off of the floor, and in volleyball,
the ball cannot touch the floor, or it is out of
play. Basketball and volleyball are popular sports
at Milton. What text structure is this?
 Lots of students fail classes. Some students fail
because the work is too hard for them. Other
times they may fail because they are lazy, and
don’t do any work. Another reason why students
may fail is if they don’t go to school. If you’re
not in class, you may miss a lot. Many students
fail classes every quarter. What text structure is
this?
 Dr. Knapp doesn’t want people to sit back and let the
toad vanish. He believes that everyone is responsible
for restoring the toad species. Dr. Knapp thinks we
could help restore the toad population if we stop
mowing parts of our lawns and let the grass grow wild
to reserve space for the toad. He also believes we need
to stop using pesticides and fertilizers. The chemicals
kill the insects that toads eat. If we preserve some
spaces in our lawns and stop using fertilizers, Dr. Knapp
believes we can save the toads. What text structure is
this?
 Devers experienced the highlight of any sprinter’s
career, as she stood on the huge platform in the giant
stadium and received an Olympic gold medal.
Eighteen months earlier she wasn’t thinking about
running. She was hoping that she would be able to
walk again. Just four years earlier, in the summer of
1988, as Devers was training for the Olympic Games,
to be held in Seoul, South Korea, she began to feel
very tired all the time and failed to make the Olympic
finals. What text structure is this?
 The Eiffel Tower is divided into three
sections. I. The lowest section of the tower
contains the entrance, a gift shop, and a
restaurant. II. The middle section of the
tower consists of stairs and elevators that
lead to the top. III. The top section of the
tower includes an observation deck with a
spectacular view of Paris.
 Write an essay about your
experience during the COVID -19
pandemic using a specific text
structure of your choice.