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Summary 1 (Cbse) - 065924

The document covers the basics of real numbers, including their definition and the concepts of prime factorization, least common multiple (LCM), and highest common factor (HCF). It explains the uniqueness of prime factorization, methods for finding LCM and HCF, and their applications in real-world problems. Additionally, it discusses irrational numbers and their properties, including examples and relationships with rational numbers.

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7 views1 page

Summary 1 (Cbse) - 065924

The document covers the basics of real numbers, including their definition and the concepts of prime factorization, least common multiple (LCM), and highest common factor (HCF). It explains the uniqueness of prime factorization, methods for finding LCM and HCF, and their applications in real-world problems. Additionally, it discusses irrational numbers and their properties, including examples and relationships with rational numbers.

Uploaded by

shamaldarsh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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TOPPERS ACEDEMY OF SCIENCE

Chapter 1: Real Numbers


Introduction to Real Numbers
● Real numbers constitute the union of all rational and irrational numbers.
● Any real number can be plotted on the number line.

Prime Factorisation
● Prime Factorisation is the method of expressing a natural number as a product of prime numbers.
Example: 36=2×2×3×3 is the prime factorisation of 36.
Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic
● The Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic states that the prime factorisation for a given number is
unique if the arrangement of the prime factors is ignored.
● Example: 36=2×2×3×3 OR, 36=2×3×2×3Therefore, 36 is represented as a product of prime factors
(Two 2s and two 3s) ignoring the arrangement of the factors.

Method of Finding LCM


● Example: To find the Least Common Multiple (L.C.M) of 36 and 56, 1. 36=2×2×3×3 56=2×2×2×7
● 2.The common prime factors are 2×2
● 3. The uncommon prime factors are 3×3 for 36 and 2×7 for 56.
● 4.LCM of 36 and 56 = 2×2×3×3×2×7 which is 504
Method of Finding HCF
● H.C.F can be found using two methods - Prime factorisation and Euclid’s division algorithm.
● HCF is always a factor of LCM.

Prime Factorisation:
● Given two numbers, we express both of them as products of their respective prime factors. Then, we
select the prime factors that are common to both the numbers Example - To find the H.C.F of 20 and 24
20=2×2×5 24=2×2×2×3The factor common to 20 and 24 is 2×2, which is 4, which in turn is the H.C.F of
20 and 24.
● Product of Two Numbers = HCF X LCM of the Two Numbers
● For any two positive integers a and b, a×b = H.C.F×L.C.M.
● Example - For 36 and 56, the H.C.F is 4 and the L.C.M is 504 36×56=2016 4×504=2016. Thus,
36×56=4×504. The above relationship, however, doesn’t hold true for 3 or more numbers
Applications of HCF & LCM in Real-World Problems
● L.C.M can be used to find the points of common occurrence. This could be the common ringing of bells
that ring with different frequencies, the time at which two persons running at different speeds meet, and so
on.
Irrational Numbers
𝑝
● Any number that cannot be expressed in the form of (where p and q are integers and q ≠ 0.) is an
𝑞
irrational number. Examples - √2,π, e and so on.
● Example: 3 divides 36, which implies that 3 divides 6.
● √p is irrational when ‘p’ is a prime. For example, 7 is a prime number and √7 is irrational. The above
statement can be proved by the method of “Proof by contradiction”.
● The sum or difference of a rational number and an irrational number is an irrational number.
● The product or division of a rational number with an irrational number is an irrational number.

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