Lesson 2: PATTERNS AND SEQUENCES
Key concepts:
• Pattern is defined as a sequence of repeating objects, shapes, or
numbers.
• A pattern has a rule that tells us which objects belong to the pattern and
which objects do not belong to the pattern.
• Increasing number patterns – patterns whose numbers are getting bigger.
• Decreasing number patterns - patterns whose numbers are getting
smaller.
Identifying and Extending Patterns:
• Find what is changing in the patterns.
• Check if that same pattern applies throughout the sequence to create the
“rule”.
• Use the rule to extend the pattern.
Example 1:
Find the next 3 numbers in this pattern.
7, 10, 13, 16, , ,
The rule for the pattern is: “Add 3 to the previous term to get the next number.” So,
the next three numbers are 19, 22, 25.
Example 2:
What are the next 3 numbers in this pattern? 1,
2, 4, 8, , ,
The rule for the pattern is: “Multiply 2 to the previous term to get the number.” So,
the next 3 numbers are 16, 32, 64.
Example 3:
What are the next 3 numbers in this pattern? 4
096, 2 048, 1 024, ,
Try dividing by 2: 4,096 ÷ 2 = 2,048
The rule of the pattern is: “Divide 2 to the previous term to get the next number.”
So, the next 3 numbers are 512, 256, 128.
Example 4:
Study the table.
What is the total cost of printing 6 t-shirts?
The rule for the pattern is: “Multiply 50 to get to the next number.”
Answer: It will cost ₱300 to print on 6 t-shirts.
Try!
Draw the next term in the pattern.
Lesson 3: NUMBER SENTENCES
Key concepts:
• Number sentences are a combination of numbers
and mathematical operations.
Example 1:
Find the missing value in the number sentence:
20 + = 28
Solution.
To get the missing addend: 28 - 20 =
Answer: 28 - 20 = 8*
Example 2:
Find the value of N in the number sentence:
18 - N = 5
Solution.
To get the missing subtrahend: 18 - 5 = N
Answer: 18 - 5 = 13, therefore N = 13.
Example 3:
Nena wants to buy a pencil case worth ₱80. She saves ₱10
a day. After how many days can she save enough money to
buy the pencil case?
Introduce Number Properties and Facts:
Commutative Property:
The order of numbers does not affect the sum or product.
Example: 4 + 5 = 5 + 4; 3 × 6 = 6 × 3
Associative Property: The grouping of numbers does not
affect the sum or product.
Example: (2 + 3) + 4 = 2 + (3 + 4)
Distributive Property:
Multiplying a number is the same as multiplying its parts and
then adding.
Example: 3 × (4 + 2) = (3 × 4) + (3 × 2)
TEST YOURSELF:
Find the next three numbers in the pattern. Describe the rule for the pattern.
1.) 7, 11, 15, 19, , ,
The rule for the pattern is:
The next three numbers are: .
2.) 1, 3, 9, 27, , ,
The rule for the pattern is:
The next three numbers are: .
3.) 5, 10, 20, 40, , ,
The rule for the pattern is:
The next three numbers are: .
4.) 11, 12, 14, 17, , ,
The rule for the pattern is:
The next three numbers are: .
5.) 1, 2, 8, 72, , ,
The rule for the pattern is:
The next three numbers are: .
Complete the number sentences.
1.) 10 = 5 + 4.) (__ + 4) + 3 = 12
2.) 3 × ( + 2) = 15 5.) 5 × (2 +__ ) = 25
3.) 5 + = 8
MATH PROBLEMS: Show your solution.
1) Natalia found 3 worms. She started digging and found 5 worms every minute. How
many worms will she have after 7 minutes?
2)Michael helps rescues 5 stray cats for every 3 days. How many total stray cats will he
help after 7 weeks?
3) Zack saves Php 20 each week. How much will he save after 5 weeks?
4) There were 11 flowers n Dave’s garden. 4 more flowers grew, then Dave picked 8
flowers to put in a vase. How many flowers were left in the garden? Write the number
sentence with the answer.
5) Sarah had 21 fishes in her aquarium. Over the summer vacation 6 fishes were given to her
friend, and when summer ended, the remaining fishes in the aquarium doubled in number.
How many fishes are now inside the aquarium? Write the number sentence with the answer.
