KIMZA
CHAPTER 1 |
DEFINING CRISIS
INTRODUCTION
The Tourism Industry
is considered as one of
the fastest growing
industries in the world.
CRISIS AND DISASTER
Crisis comes from the Greek word 'krisis',
which means to judge or decide.
A crisis is a sudden event that disrupts the
tourism industry and creates adverse conditions
(Laws, 2007), while a disaster is a major
disruption to community life that causes harm or
damage beyond the normal capacity of
authorities, requiring special resources and
response.
PACIFIC ASIA TRAVEL ASSOCIATION
define crisis as 'any situation that has the
potential to affect long-term confidence in an
organization or a product, or which may interfere
with its ability to continue operating normally.'
CRISIS IN TOURISM
The United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) identified
five (5) types of crises affecting the tourism industry namely:
Environmental Crisis
Societal and Political Events
Health-related Crises
Technological Incidents or Failures
Economic Events
ENVIRONMENTAL CRISIS
Also called a “crisis of consciousness,” this
means people know the environment is in
trouble but don’t fully understand how
bad it is. Climate change affects our basic
needs—clean air, safe water, food, and
shelter.
SOCIETAL AND POLITICAL EVENTS
events encompass a wide range
of occurrences that impact a
community's social structure
and political landscape.
HEALTH-RELATED CRISES
a situation where a public health
issue significantly impacts a
community, leading to widespread
illness, death, and potential economic
disruption.
TECHNOLOGICAL INCIDENTS OR
FAILURES
a range of disruptions caused by
technological malfunctions, human error,
or external threats.
ECONOMIC EVENTS
significantly impact crowd and crisis
management, as economic downturns can
lead to reduced resources for safety and
security measures, while economic booms
may create larger, more complex crowds to
manage.
CRISIS defined as "strategies,
MANAGEMENT processes and measures
which are planned and
put into force to
prevent and cope with
crisis" (UNWTO, 2011).
STAGES OF CRISIS MANAGEMENT
PRE-CRISIS CRISIS RESPONSE POST-CRISIS
- Identify potential risks - Activate crisis - Evaluate the response and
and threats management plan identify lessons learned
- Develop a crisis - Ensure safety and - Support recovery efforts
management plan and return to normal
communicate clearly
- Train staff and conduct operations
- Contain the crisis and
- Update crisis plans based
simulations manage the situation on experience
- Establish - Coordinate with - Provide emotional and
communication emergency services if psychological support if
protocols needed needed
to understanding the components of a crisis the
National Crisis Management Framework has developed
a comprehensive approach which are the 5P’s
Predict Perform
Prevent Post-Action and
Prepare Assessment
PREDICT
Predictions are attempts to
remove uncertainty from the
future.
PREVENT
Prevention is a deliberate
action aimed at avoiding
future harm by addressing its
causes.
PREPARE It covers six (6) essential activities:
Figure 3.
Preparedness
Cycle
PERFORM
This is the actual
implementation of
contingency plans.
POST-ACTION
AND ASSESSMENT
Post-action addresses the aftermath of the crisis,
including recovery and continuity of operations,
and Assessment is to evaluate the effectiveness
of the response and use findings to improve
future planning.
ACTIVITY 1: CRISIS IN
THE MODERN TIME
INSTRUCTIONS:
Each group will research the assigned crisis and answer
the following:
What is the crisis about?
What are its causes?
Who are the most affected?
What agencies or governments responded?
What was done (or is being done) to solve it?
What could have been prevented or done better?
INSTRUCTIONS:
Output Format:
PowerPoint presentation (7–10 slides)
Presentation:
Each group will present their findings to
the class.
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
Criteria Points
Clarity and accuracy of content -----------------------50 pts
Creativity and presentation style ---------------------10 pts
Team collaboration and participation ----------------15 pts
Critical thinking and insights --------------------------25 pts
Total 100 pts
