Here's a concise and complete Reproductive System Cheat Sheet — perfect for quick
revision, exam prep, or basic understanding.
🧬 Reproductive System Cheat Sheet
📌 Main Functions
● Produce gametes (sperm & eggs)
● Facilitate fertilization
● Support fetal development (in females)
● Regulate sex hormones and secondary sexual traits
🧑⚕️ Male Reproductive System
🧪 Main Organs & Functions
Structure Function
Testes Produce sperm & testosterone
Scrotum Regulates temperature for sperm
production
Epididymis Stores and matures sperm
Vas deferens Transports sperm from epididymis
Seminal vesicles Produce fructose-rich fluid (energy for
sperm)
Prostate gland Adds enzymes and alkalinity to semen
Bulbourethral glands Lubricate and neutralize urethra
Urethra Passageway for semen and urine
Penis Delivers sperm to female reproductive tract
🧬 Spermatogenesis
● Occurs in seminiferous tubules
● Begins at puberty
● Produces millions of sperm/day
● Controlled by FSH & testosterone
👩⚕️ Female Reproductive System
🧪 Main Organs & Functions
Structure Function
Ovaries Produce eggs (ova) & hormones (estrogen,
progesterone)
Fallopian tubes Transport egg; site of fertilization
Uterus Houses developing fetus
Endometrium Lining that thickens & sheds during cycle
Cervix Connects uterus to vagina; dilates during
labor
Vagina Birth canal; receives penis during
intercourse
Mammary glands Produce milk for newborn (lactation)
🧬 Oogenesis
● Begins before birth, resumes at puberty
● Produces 1 mature egg/month
● Controlled by FSH & LH
⏳ Menstrual Cycle Overview (28 Days Avg)
Phase Days Key Events Hormones
Menstrual 1–5 Shedding of ↓ Estrogen &
endometrial lining Progesterone
Follicular 1–13 Follicle matures in ↑ FSH, ↑ Estrogen
ovary
Ovulation 14 Release of egg from LH surge
ovary
Luteal 15–28 Corpus luteum ↑ Progesterone
produces
progesterone
⚙️ Key Reproductive Hormones
Hormone Produced By Function
FSH Pituitary Stimulates egg/sperm
production
LH Pituitary Triggers ovulation,
testosterone production
Estrogen Ovaries Thickens endometrium,
female traits
Progesterone Corpus luteum Maintains uterine lining
Testosterone Testes Sperm production, male
traits
Oxytocin Hypothalamus (posterior Uterine contractions, milk
pituitary) ejection
👶 Fertilization & Development
Stage Event
Fertilization Sperm meets egg in fallopian tube
Zygote Fertilized egg (single cell)
Blastocyst Implants into uterus (5–7 days later)
Embryo 2–8 weeks
Fetus 9 weeks–birth
🧠 Helpful Mnemonics
● Menstrual Cycle Hormones:
“Follicles Love Estrogen, Luteum Prefers Progesterone”
(FSH – Follicular, Estrogen rises → LH – Ovulation → Progesterone – Luteal)
● Sperm Pathway:
“SEVEn UP”
Seminiferous tubules → Epididymis → Vas deferens → Ejaculatory duct → Urethra
→ Penis
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