UNIT 2- FUNCTIONS OF SEVERAL VARIABLES- TWO MARKS
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2.
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So, u(x, y) is homogeneous of degree 0.
So, by Euler's theorem
3.
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⸫ f(x, y) is a homogeneous of degree 1/2.
By Euler's theorem.
4.
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Ans: Given z = f(x, y) and x and y are functions of u and v. So z is a composite
function of u and v.
x = u - v, y = uv
5.
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6. If u If u = f(x, y) and x = r + s, y = r - s
prove that
Ans: u is a composite function of r and s.
Given x = r + s and y = r - s
7.
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We know that
8.
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⸫ u(x, y, z) is homogeneous of degree 0.
9. Find
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10.
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Given the implicit equation xy + yx = a
11.
Given xy = yx ⇒ xy - yx = 0 which is an implicit equation
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12.
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13.
Ans: Given x = r cos θ, y = r sin θ
⸫ r2 = x2 + y2
Differentiating partially w.r.to x
14.
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15.
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Given z = f(x + ay) + g(x − ay)
16.
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17.
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⸫ u = x + uv ⇒ x = u - uv
Given u = x + y, y = uv
18.
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Given x = u(1 + v) y = v(1 + u)
= (1 + u)(1 + v) - uv
= 1 + u + v + uv - uv
=1+u+v
19. Ans:
20.
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Given u and v are functions of x, y and x and y are functions of r, θ. So, u, v are
composite functions of r, θ.
= 4x2 + 4y2
= 4(x2 + y2) = 4r2
Since x = r cos θ, y = r sin θ
21.
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22. If x2y + 3y – 2 is expanded as Maclaurin's series, find the value at the point (1,
0).
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Let f(x, y) = x2y + 3y – 2. Since f(x, y) is a polynomial in x and y, when it is expanded
as a Maclaurin's series, we will get the same polynomial.
⸫ f(1, 0) = −2.
23. Find the Taylor's series expansion of xy near the point (1, 1) upto first degree
terms.
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Given f(x, y) = xy
Taylor's expansion about (1, 1) is
24. Evaluate [(1.03)1/3 + (0.98)1/4 −1] approximately using linear appropriation of
Taylor's series.
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Let ƒ(x, y) = x1/3 + y1⁄4 − 1.
Required value at the point (1.03, 0.98) which is close to (1, 1).
So we shall expand about (1, 1)
is the linear
approximation.
ƒ(1, 1) = 1 + 1 − 1 = 1
= 1 + 0.01– 0.005 = 1.005
25. Find the stationary points of f(x, y) = x2 − xy + y2 − 2x + y
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Given f(x, y) = x2 − xy + y2 − 2x + y
Its stationary points are given by fx = 0, ƒy = 0
fx = 2x - y −2, fy = −x + 2y + 1
Solving 2x - y − 1 = 0 and -x + 2y + 1 = 0, we get
x = 1, y = 0
⸫ the stationary point is (1, 0)
26. Find the stationary points of f(x, y) = x3 + 3xy2 - 15x2 – 15y2 + 72x
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Given f(x, y) = x3 + 3xy2 - 15x2 – 15y2 + 72x
The stationary points are given by ƒx = 0, ƒy = 0
Now ƒx = 3xy2 + 3y2 - 30x + 72
fy = 6xy - 30y
⸫ the points are (5, 1), (5, −1).
So, the stationary points are (6, 0), (4, 0), (5, 1) and (5, −1).
27. Find the maximum value of 3x2 - y2 + x3.
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Let f(x, y) = 3x2 - y2 + x3
28. State the necessary and sufficient condition for f(x, y) to have a relative
maximum at (a, b).
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The conditions are fx = 0, fy = 0 and rt - s2 > 0 and r < 0 at (a, b)
29. State the condition for the stationary point (a, b) of f(x, y) be a minimum.
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At the point (a, b), rt - s2 > 0 and r < 0, where r = fxx, s = ƒxy, t = fyy
30. If (1, 1) is a stationary point of a function f(x, y) and if fxx = 6xy3, fxy = 9x2y, fyy
= 6x3y, then find the nature of (1, 1).
Ans: At the point (1, 1), r = fxx = 6, s = fxy = 9, t = fyy = 6
⸫ rt - s2 = 6.6 - 92 < 0
⸫ (1, 1) is a saddle point.
31. Find the nature of the stationary point (0, −1) of the function f(x, y) if fxx = 4 -
12x2, fxy = 0, fyy = −4 + 12y2.
Ans: At the point (0, -1), r = fxx = 4
s = fxy = 0, t = fyy = −4 + 12 = +8
⸫ rt - s2 = 32 > 0, r > 0
⸫ (0, -1) is a minimum point.
33. Using the definition of total derivative, find the value of du/dt, given u = y2 -
4ax, x = at2, y = 2at
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Given u = y2 - 4ax; x = at2, y = 2at
So, u is a composite function of t.
34.
Ans: Given u = x3y2 + x2y3 where x = at2, y = 2at
So, u is a composite function of t.
36.
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So, f(x, y) is a homogeneous of degree 0.
Hence, by Euler's theorem
37.
Ans: Given x = r cos θ, y = r sin θ
⸫ x2 + y2 = r2
Differentiating partially w.r.to ‘x'
38. Find the minimum value of F = x2 + y2 subject to the constraint x = 1.
Ans: Given F = x2 + y2 and x = 1
⸫ F = 1 + y2
Differentiating w.r.to y,
⸫ F is minimum at (1, 0) and minimum value of F = 1.
39.
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40.
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41.
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42. Find the stationary points of f(x, y) = x3 + y3 - 3x - 12y + 20
Ans: Given f(x, y) = x3 + y3 - 3x - 12y + 20
⸫ fx = 3x2 - 3
fy = 3y2 - 12
⸫ 3x2 – 3 = 0 ⇒ x2 = 1 ⇒ x = ±1
For a stationary point fx = 0 and fy =0
and 3 y2 – 12 = 0 ⇒ y2 = 4 ⇒ y = ±1
⸫ the stationary points are
(1, 2), (−1, 2), (1, −2), (−1, −2)
43.
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44.
Ans: Given u = x2 + y2, x = at2, y = 2at u is a function of x, y and x, y are functions of
t.
= 4a(tx + y) = 4[t.at2 + 2at] = 4a2t[t2 + 2]
