Yang 2020
Yang 2020
fully edited. Content may change prior to final publication. Citation information: DOI 10.1109/TAP.2020.2975534, IEEE
Transactions on Antennas and Propagation
1
Abstract—This paper presents a novel dual-polarized millimeter- filter and the chip is required, which will also cause high
wave (mm-Wave) patch antenna with bandpass filtering response. insertion loss in the mm-Wave band. In order to solve this
The proposed antenna consists of a differential-fed cross-shaped problem, an effective solution is to integrate filtering response
driven patch and four stacked parasitic patches. The combination into the antenna to realize the so-called filtering antenna, and
of the stacked patches and the driven patch can be equivalent to a
thus to simplify the design of filters in the mm-Wave RF
bandstop filtering circuit for generating a radiation null at the
upper band-edge. Besides, four additional shorted patches are frontends to a certain extent.
added beside the cross-shaped driven patch to introduce another A typical method of designing a filtering antenna is to
radiation null at the lower band-edge. Moreover, by embedding a incorporate filtering circuits into feeding networks [7]−[14].
cross-shaped strip between these four stacked patches, the third This method is straightforward. But, still, the insertion loss of
radiation null is generated to further suppress the upper stopband. the additional filtering circuits is unavoidable. As an alternative,
As a result, a quasi-elliptic bandpass response is realized without specific parasitic elements, such as parasitic patch [15]−[17],
requiring extra filtering circuit. For demonstration, a prototype
was fabricated with standard PCB process and measured. The slot [18]−[20], shorting pins [21], microstrip stub [22], and
prototype operates in the 5G band (24.25−29.5 GHz) and it has an metallic loop [23] were used in antennas, to generate radiation
impedance bandwidth of 20%. The out-of-band gain drops over nulls beside the operating passband so as to realize the filtering
15 dB at 23 GHz and 32.5 GHz respectively, which exhibits function. In this way, no extra filtering circuit is required,
high-selectivity. These merits make the proposed antenna a good leading to lower insertion loss and more compact size.
element candidate for the 5G mm-Wave massive MIMO A number of filtering antennas have been developed in the
applications to reduce the requirements of the filters in the
mm-Wave RF frontends. last decade by the above two methods [7]−[24]. However, thus
far, most of them operate at microwave frequency band. In
Index Terms—Filtering antenna, millimeter-wave antenna, addition, due to the limitation of mm-Wave processing
dual-polarized antenna. technology, not all of them are suitable to be designed at
mm-Wave frequency (e.g. the dipole antenna in [23] is difficult
I. INTRODUCTION to be assembled at the high frequency). Recently, a few
mm-Wave filtering antennas were realized based on substrate
W ITH the advantages such as wide bandwidth, high data
rate, and low latency, the millimeter-wave (mm-Wave)
communication has attracted extensive attention in 5G
integrated waveguide (SIW) filters [11]−[14]. These antennas
exhibit high-Q filtering response and good frequency
applications [1]. In 5G mm-Wave front-ends, filters are usually selectivity. But, unfortunately, they generally suffer from
needed to suppress the unwanted image frequency spectrum, narrow bandwidth (less than 5%), which is not sufficient for
LO leakage and harmonics. However, compact on-chip filters specific wideband applications. Besides, due to the integration
[2]−[4] feature the low-quality (Q)-factor, resulting in a high of SIW filter, some of them feature bulky size. For example, the
insertion loss which is generally over 2.5 dB. Besides, the Ka-band single-polarized SIW filtering antenna in [12]
high-Q filters [5]−[6] are not easy to be integrated in 5G occupies a large size of 0.92 × 1 λc2 (λc denotes the wavelength
mm-Wave system due to the large size. Moreover, if the high-Q at the central frequency of the passband), and the
filter is packaged separately, the interconnection between the dual-polarized design in [14] takes up a larger size of 1.73 ×
1.73 λc2. Therefore, they are not suitable to be used as an
antenna element in the 5G mm-Wave massive MIMO arrays, in
which the element spacing is usually less than 0.5 λc for
Manuscript received November 7, 2019. wide-angle scanning.
This work was supported in part by National Key Research and Development
Program of China under Grant 2018YFB1801601 and in part by National In this paper, an mm-Wave wideband dual-polarized
Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants 61725102 and in part by filtering microstrip antenna is proposed. It mainly consists of a
Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou Development District, China, differential-fed cross-shaped driven patch and four stacked
under Grant 2018GH10. (Corresponding author: Xiu Yin Zhang)
S.-J. Yang, Y.-M. Pan and X.-Y. Zhang are with the School of Electronic and parasitic patches. In addition, four shorted patches are added at
Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, the corners of the cross-shaped driven patch to generate a
510641, China (e-mail: [email protected]). radiation null at the lower stopband, whereas a cross-shaped
L.-Y. Shi is with the School of Electronic Information and Electrical
Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. strip is introduced between the four stacked parasitic patches to
realize an extra radiation null at the higher stopband. As a result,
a bandpass filtering response with sharp roll-off rate is achieved.
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2
z y Layer 1 z
Sub 1
Cross strip Sub 2
Sub 3 Layer 2 x
x
Parasitic patch
Sub 4
y
Layer 3
Sub 5
Layer 4
(a)
Shorted patch
Substrate
Driven patch y
Ws1 x
Parasitic
z
Port 2
patch Wcross
Via holes Cross strip
Lcross
Differential feeding
network Port 1
Ground
Fig. 1. Geometry stack-up of the proposed dual-polarized filtering antenna.
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TABLE I
PARAMETERS OF THE PROPOSED FILTERING ANTENNA z
Length L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 Radiation resistor y
Value
x
1.87 2.07 1.2 0.65 2.27 0.71 1.28
(mm) Parasitic patches
Length L8 L9 L10 Lp1 Lp2 Lcross W1 Zp , θp 2Cs 2Cs Zp , θp
Value Ce
0.87 0.6 1.55 3.5 1.02 1.75 1.8
(mm) Ce E Cp Cp Ce Zp , θp
Length W2 W3 Wp1 Wp2 Wf1 Wf2 Wf3
Value
0.38 0.75 1.6 1.06 0.13 0.45 0.32 Electric Cc
(mm) Driven patch
wall Zn1
Length Wf4 Ws1 Ws2 Ws3 Wcross Wg R1
Port + Port
Value
0.2 0.3 0.1 0.18 0.15 7 0.2
(mm)
Length R2 R3 Fig. 5. The equivalent circuit model for reference Design I.
Value
0.4 0.6
(mm)
Layer 1
y
x
z Port 1+
Layer 2
Port 1
(a) (b) (c) Fig. 6. Simulated realized gains of reference Design I for different Ws1.
Fig. 3. Top views of different reference antennas. (a) Design I. (b) Design II. (c)
Design III. further suppress the upper stopband (see the blue dash line in
Fig. 4). Consequently, a quasi-elliptic bandpass response is
realized with the aid of these three radiation nulls. The
generative mechanisms of Null 1 − Null 3 are analyzed below
in detail.
1) Analysis of radiation Null 1
Firstly, to illustrate the mechanism of radiation null 1 at
around 32 GHz, a simple transmission-line equivalent circuit is
depicted in Fig. 5. The driven patch section is represented as an
open-circuited transmission line. The parasitic patches are
represented as two transmission line (one pair parasitic patches
are represented one transmission line) with a gap between them.
The gap is modelled by a π-network circuit, where Cs and Cp are
the equivalent series gap capacitance and shunt gap capacitance
of the radiating gap. Two fringing capacitances Ce are
Fig. 4. Simulated realized gains of different reference antennas. connected between the ends of the driven patch and the
parasitic patches. In this model, all the radiation resistances of
simulated realized gains of these antennas are depicted in Fig. 4. each section have been sum up to one resistor. Due to the
In reference Design I, a cross-shaped driven patch along with differential fed method, an equivalent electric wall at the
four stacked parasitic patches can introduce a radiation null at central line divides this model into two identical sections.
around 32 GHz (Null 1), enhancing the roll-off rate at the edge Accordingly, a shunt series resonant circuit can be extracted
of the higher stopband (see the black solid line in Fig. 4). By from the parasitic patches which is marked with red-dashed
adding four extra shorted patches around the cross-shaped rectangle circle. The impedance Zn1 of the circuit can be given
driven patch, reference Design II is obtained, and another by (1)
radiation null (Null 2) is generated at the lower band-edge (see 1
+jZ p tan θ
the red dash line in Fig. 4). In reference Design III, a jωCc p 1
Z n1 Z p + (1)
cross-shaped strip is embedded between the four stacked tan θ p jCe
Z p+
patches, which generates a third radiation null (Null 3) to ωCc
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y
x
z
z Radiation resistor y
Jsurf
[A/m]
60 x
54
48 Linear strip
42
36
30
24
Cle
18
Cle Zlc , θlc/2 Zlc , θlc/2 Cle
Zlc , θlc/2
12
6
0
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Top Bottom
view view
7 mm
Fig. 11. (a) Simulated realized gains of the proposed antenna. (b) Simulated
patterns of the proposed antenna at 20 GHz.
y
x
z
Jsurf
[A/m]
60 RX horn
56
52 Rotating arm
48 Z
44
AUT sample holder
40
36
32
28
24 O Y
20 X RF probe
(a) (b)
Fig. 12. The current distribution on the driven patch of the proposed antenna at
the weak resonant frequency 20 GHz. (a) Without the central via. (b) With the
central via.
Fig. 14. The antenna measurement setup.
where ω is the angular frequency, Zlc is the characteristic current distributions on the driven patch are shown in Fig. 12. It
impedance of the linear strip, θlc = βLcross denotes the electric can be seen that without the central via, the current distribution
length of the linear strip. Also, if the fringing capacitance Cle is is asymmetry because the phase difference of the differential
negligible or ωCle << 1, the condition Zn3 = 0 can be simplified feeding network is no longer 180 degrees but only about 100
as degrees. When adding the central via, a relatively symmetrical
Lcross current distribution is obtained, as shown in Fig. 12(b). In this
θlc =2 eff (6) case, more current is confined to the four slots between the
Null3 cross-shaped patch and the shorted patches. Consequently, a
Then the resonance frequency can be given by better suppression is achieved at 20 GHz.
c
f Null 3 (7)
2 Lcross eff III. ANTENNA IMPLEMENTATION
At the resonant frequency, the cross strip is equivalent to a A. Design Guideline
bandstop circuit thus suppressing the radiation of the driven Base on the above discussions, a design guideline for the
patch. According to (7), radiation Null 3 can be controlled by dual-polarized filtering patch antenna is summarized as
the length of the linear strip Lcross. As observed in Fig. 10, Null follows.
3 shifts clearly from 38 to 34 GHz while Lcross is increased from 1) Firstly, use four square planar parasitic patches and a
1.5 to 2.3 mm. cross-shaped driven patch to design a differential-fed
dual-polarized stacked patch antenna. Set the initial
C. The effect of the central shorting via
dimension of the driven patch as 0.5 × 0.5 λ02 (λ0 denotes the
Finally, the differential networks are added to reference guided wavelength in the substrate at the central frequency
Design III, and the proposed antenna is obtained. However, it is of the passband). In addition, set the initial side-length of
found that the rejection level of the lower stopband deteriorates each parasitic patch as 0.25λ0.
at around 20 GHz because of a weak resonance, as shown in Fig. 2) Secondly, tune the width (Ws1) of the slot between the four
11 (see the black solid line). To solve this problem, a shorting parasitic patches to adjust the first desired upper-stopband
via is loaded at the central point of the driven patch. With radiation null.
reference to the red dash line in Fig. 11(a), the weak resonance 3) Thirdly, add four shorted patches into the inner corners of
is suppressed and the rejection level at 20 GHz is improved. the cross-shaped driven patch. Set the initial side-length of
Also, the radiation pattern shrinks overall at 20 GHz with the each shorted patch as 0.25λNull2 (λNull2 denotes the guided
central via loaded. In order to illustrate this phenomenon, the wavelength in the substrate at the frequency of the desired
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(a)
(a)
(b)
Fig. 16. Simulated and measured patterns of the prototype. (a) Port 1. (b) Port 2.
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TABLE II
COMPARISON WITH THE PREVIOUS MILLIMETER-WAVE FILTERING ANTENNAS
Ave. Extra Controllable Overall size (λc3)/
Antenna Imp. BW Process
Ref. Polarization gain filtering radiation Radiator size of
type (|S11|< −10dB) technology
(dBi) circuit null each element (λc2)
Single 1.56% 0.92×1×0.092/
[12] SIW Single 6.7 Yes 2 Standard PCB
element (31.25−31.75GHz) 0.56×0.61
1×4 1.2% 2.1×1.67×0.085/
[13] SIW Single 8.1 Yes 0 Standard PCB
subarray (28.9−29.6GHz) 0.44×0.92
1×4 5% 3.1×2.5×0.12/
[11] Patch Single 11.1 Yes 0 Standard PCB
subarray (27.15−28.55GHz) 0.26×0.2
2×2 2.94% 1.46×1.46×1.5/
[24] Aperture Single 12.5 Yes 0 3-D printing
subarray (33.5−34.5GHz) 0.57×0.4
2×2 1.6% 1.73×1.73×0.24/
[14] SIW Dual 10.8 Yes 0 LTCC
subarray (36.7−37.3GHz) 0.58×0.58
Single 20% 0.63×0.63×0.09/
This work Dual 5.2 No 3 Standard PCB
element (24.25−29.5GHz) 0.4×0.4
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[21] T.-L. Wu, Y.-M. Pan, P.-F. Hu and S.-Y. Zheng, “Design of a low profile February 2010 with the City University of Hong Kong. He is currently a full
and compact omnidirectional filtering patch antenna,” IEEE Access., professor and vice dean with the School of Electronic and Information
vol.5, pp. 1083-1089, March. 2017. Engineering, South China University of Technology. He also serves as the vice
[22] Y.-M. Pan, P.-F. Hu, K. W. Leung, and X. Y. Zhang, “Compact director of Guangdong key laboratory of millimeter-wave and terahertz and the
single-/dual-polarized filtering dielectric resonator antennas,” IEEE vice director of the Engineering Research Center for Short-Distance Wireless
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[23] C.-F. Ding, X. Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y.-M. Pan and Q. Xue, “Compact coauthored more than 140 internationally referred journal papers (including
broadband dual-polarized filtering dipole antenna with high selectivity more than 80 IEEE Transactions) and around 80 conference papers. His
for base station applications,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 66, no. research interests include antennas and arrays, MMIC, microwave/terahertz
11, pp. 5747-5756, Nov. 2018. circuits and sub-systems, and wireless communications.
[24] X. He, Y. Zhang, M. Du and J. Xu, “Lightweight and compact high-gain Dr. Zhang is a Fellow of the Institution of Engineering and Technology. He
filtering aperture antenna fabricated by three-dimensional printing has served as General chair/Technical Program Committee (TPC) chair/
technology,” IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 17, no.7, pp. member and Session Organizer/Chair for a number of conferences. He was a
1141–1144, July. 2018 recipient of the National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars
of China, the Leading Talent of Technological Innovation of Ten-Thousands
Talents Program, the Young Scholar of the Changjiang Scholars Program of
Chinese Ministry of Education. He was a recipient of the Scientific and
Technological Award (First Honor) of Guangdong Province. He was the
supervisor of several conference best paper award winners.
Sheng Jie Yang was born in Hunan, China. He is now
pursuing the PhD degree at School of Electronic and
Information Engineering, South China University of
Technology, Guangzhou, China.
His current research interests focus on filtering
antennas, millimeter-wave antennas, and base station
antennas.
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