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Network Security Classical Encryption

The document outlines network security models focusing on classical encryption and block cipher techniques. It details various symmetric encryption methods, including substitution ciphers like the Caesar and Vigenère ciphers, as well as block ciphers such as the Data Encryption Standard (DES). The strengths and weaknesses of these techniques are discussed, emphasizing the importance of key size and the number of rounds in enhancing security.

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39 views2 pages

Network Security Classical Encryption

The document outlines network security models focusing on classical encryption and block cipher techniques. It details various symmetric encryption methods, including substitution ciphers like the Caesar and Vigenère ciphers, as well as block ciphers such as the Data Encryption Standard (DES). The strengths and weaknesses of these techniques are discussed, emphasizing the importance of key size and the number of rounds in enhancing security.

Uploaded by

AtiK Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Network Security: Classical Encryption & Block Cipher Techniques

1. Model for Network Security:

- Sender and Receiver communicate securely using an encryption algorithm and key.

- Key Services: Confidentiality, Integrity, Authentication, Non-repudiation.

2. Classical Encryption Techniques:

Symmetric Cipher Model:

- Same key used for both encryption and decryption.

Substitution Ciphers:

- Caesar Cipher: Shift letters by fixed value (e.g., +3). C = (P + K) mod 26.

- Monoalphabetic Cipher: Replace letters using a random permutation.

- Playfair Cipher: 5x5 grid digraph substitution (key-based).

- Hill Cipher: Uses matrix multiplication; needs inverse for decryption.

- Polyalphabetic Cipher: Vigenère cipher using a repeating keyword.

- One-Time Pad: Random key as long as plaintext, unbreakable if used once.

- Steganography: Hides existence of message in images or text.

3. Block Ciphers and DES:

Traditional Block Cipher Structure:

- Encrypts data in fixed-size blocks (e.g., 64 bits) using Feistel rounds.

- Principles: Confusion, Diffusion, Substitution, Permutation.

DES (Data Encryption Standard):


- Block size: 64 bits; Key: 56 bits; 16 rounds.

- Involves initial/final permutation, expansion, S-boxes, and XOR.

DES Strength:

- Initially strong, now vulnerable due to short key size.

- Susceptible to brute-force and cryptanalysis.

Block Cipher Design Principles:

- Number of Rounds: More rounds increase security.

- Key Size: Larger keys are more secure.

- S-boxes/P-boxes: Provide confusion and diffusion.

- Avalanche Effect: Small input change leads to large output change.

Summary Table:

| Technique | Type | Key Length | Strength | Example |

|------------------|--------------------|---------------|----------------|-------------|

| Caesar Cipher | Substitution | 1 int | Very Weak | +3 Shift |

| Monoalphabetic | Substitution | Random Map | Weak | A -> Q |

| Playfair Cipher | Digraph Substitution | 5x5 Grid | Medium | "HI" -> "BM" |

| Hill Cipher | Matrix-based | Matrix Key | Strong | Linear Alg. |

| Vigenère Cipher | Polyalphabetic | Keyword | Medium | LEMON |

| One-Time Pad | Perfect Cipher | Long Key | Unbreakable | Use Once |

| DES | Block Cipher | 56-bit | Weak (Today) | 16 Rounds |

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