Module 1.
2
Elements and Compounds
Ms. Mary Ann A. Tolentino
Learning Targets
In this learning module, you are expected to accomplish the
following targets:
Recognize that substances are classified into elements and
compounds.
Discuss the importance of elements and compounds in or daily lives.
Complete the Elements and Compounds Chart by giving the
symbols/chemical formula and uses of 3 kinds of elements and
2 kinds of compounds.
Essential Question
How can you make a chart, poster,
or multimedia presentation of
common elements showing their
names, symbols, and uses?
“
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Module 1.2
Elements and Compounds
Elements
There are currently 118 known elements that have been identified
though 92 of them occur naturally on Earth, and the rest are
synthetically prepared in laboratories
In 1869, Russian chemist Dmitri
Mendeleev created the
framework that became the
modern periodic table, leaving
gaps for elements that were yet
to be discovered.
Periodic Table of Elements
Elements
There are currently 118 known elements that have been identified
though 92 of them occur naturally on Earth, and the rest are
synthetically prepared in laboratories
In 1869, Russian chemist Dmitri
Mendeleev created the
framework that became the
modern periodic table, leaving
gaps for elements that were yet
to be discovered.
Elements
It is the simplified form of matter which cannot be
decomposed by ordinary chemical means.
It contains only one kind of atom.
It is subdivided into metals, nonmetals, and
metalloids.
Examples: oxygen, aluminum, copper and
carbon
Elements
Elements are pure substance.
Made of only one kind of material, has definite properties,
and is the same all throughout.
Elements are the simplest pure substance.
They cannot be broken down into simpler substance
without losing their identity.
Elements and Atoms
The smallest particle of an element that has the
properties of that element is called an atom.
• Proton – positively charge particle of an atom.
• Electron – negatively charge particle of an atom.
• Neutron – neutral charge or no charge particle of an
atom.
Atoms: the building blocks of matter
Atoms of the same element are alike; atoms of different
elements are different.
Elements
Elements are pure substance.
Made of only one kind of material, has definite properties,
and is the same all throughout.
Elements are the simplest pure substance.
They cannot be broken down into simpler substance
without losing their identity.
Chemical Symbols
Shorthand way of representing elements.
Usually taken from the name of the element.
Carbon – C Calcium – Ca Hydrogen – H
Oxygen – O Chlorine – Cl Silicon - Si
Some symbols come from Latin name:
• Gold – Au – Aurum Silver – Ag – Argentum
• Iron – Fe – Ferum Mercury – Hg – Hydrogyrum
Elements in the Universe
In our universe, hydrogen makes up 75% of
all matter.
Helium makes up about 20% of oxygen being
3rd most abundant element.
All of the other elements are relatively rare
in the universe.
Elements in the Earth
In the Earth’s Crust In the Earth’s Water In the Earth’s Atmosphere
Oxygen 46% Oxygen 85% Nitrogen 78%
Oxygen, argon, neon
Silicon 28% Hydrogen 11% and other gases 21%
Aluminum 8% Chlorine 2% Gases 1%
Iron 5% Sodium 1% 100%
Calcium 3% Others 1%
Sodium 3% 100%
Potassium 2%
Magnesium 2%
Others 3%
100%
Compound
Pure substance made up of more than one
element.
2 or more elements chemically combined.
Example: H2O, NaCl, C6H12O6 and CO2
Unlike elements, compounds can be broken
down to simpler substances. This can
happen through chemical reaction.
Compound
Pure substance made up of more than one
element.
2 or more elements chemically combined.
Example: H2O, NaCl, C6H12O6 and CO2
Unlike elements, compounds can be broken
down to simpler substances. This can
happen through chemical reaction.
Compound
The properties of the elements that make up
a compound are often quite different from
the properties of the compound itself.
• Sodium – Na – highly reactive metal
• Chlorine – Cl – poisonous gas
• Sodium Chloride – NaCl – table salt
Definite Composition of Compound
A molecule of a compound has a definite number
of atoms.
• Consider the elements of carbon and oxygen. If one atom of
carbon combines with one atom of oxygen, the resulting
compound is carbon monoxide (a poisonous gas)
carbon + oxygen carbon monoxide
(1 part) (1 part) CO
O + C C O
O + C CO
Definite Composition of Compound
A molecule of a compound has a definite number
of atoms.
• If one atom of carbon and two atoms of oxygen combine, the
resulting compound is carbon dioxide (gas used by plants for
making food)
carbon + oxygen carbon dioxide
(1 part) (2 parts) CO2
O O + C C O
O
O2 + C CO2
Chemical Formula
Shorthand way of representing compounds.
If chemical symbols are the “letters,” these are
“words”
Example: NH3 - ammonia
C3H7OH – rubbing alcohol
Sometimes, the formula represents a molecule
of a single element.
• These are called diatomic molecules. This is how that element is
naturally found.
O2 - Oxygen H2 - Hydrogen Cl2 - Chlorine
Chemical Formula
Subscripts are small numbers used in chemical
formulas.
They are placed to the lower RIGHT of the chemical symbols.
Represents # of atoms of an element in a compound
• CO2 - 1 atom of carbon and 2 atoms of oxygen
• H2SO4 – 2 atoms of hydrogen, 1 atom of sulfur and
4 atoms of oxygen
IMPORTANCE
What elements are present in
Human body?
Scientists believe that about 25 of the known
elements are essential to life.
Just four of these – carbon (C), oxygen
(O), hydrogen (H) and nitrogen (N) – make up
about 96% of the human body
What elements are present in Human body?
The human body functions as a result
of a large number of chemical
reactions involving compounds of all
of these elements.
Importance of Organic Compounds
Organic compounds are important because all
living organisms contain carbon. They are the
basic components of many of the cycles that
drive the earth. For example, the carbon cycle
that includes the exchange of carbon between
plants and animals in photosynthesis and
cellular respiration.
Thank You !
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