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Elements and Compound

The document discusses elements and compounds. It defines elements as pure substances that cannot be broken down further without losing their identity. Atoms are the building blocks of elements. Hydrogen, helium and oxygen are the most abundant elements in the universe, while oxygen, silicon, aluminum and iron make up most of the Earth's crust. Compounds are made of two or more elements chemically bonded together and have different properties than their constituent elements. Compounds are made up of molecules, which are the smallest units that retain the properties of the compound. Chemical formulas and symbols are used to represent elements and compounds.

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SHARDUL PALANDE
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18 views14 pages

Elements and Compound

The document discusses elements and compounds. It defines elements as pure substances that cannot be broken down further without losing their identity. Atoms are the building blocks of elements. Hydrogen, helium and oxygen are the most abundant elements in the universe, while oxygen, silicon, aluminum and iron make up most of the Earth's crust. Compounds are made of two or more elements chemically bonded together and have different properties than their constituent elements. Compounds are made up of molecules, which are the smallest units that retain the properties of the compound. Chemical formulas and symbols are used to represent elements and compounds.

Uploaded by

SHARDUL PALANDE
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Elements and

Compounds

A Mr. Mularella Presentation


CHP 2
The 4 Ancient Elements

Earth Air Fire Water


Elements
 There are currently 118 elements that
have been identified though only 88 of
them are naturally occurring.
Elements in the Universe
 In our universe, hydrogen makes up 75%
of all matter!

 Helium makes up about 20% with oxygen


being the 3rd most abundant element.

 All of the other elements are relatively rare


in the universe.
Elements in the Earth
 In the Earth’s crust, oxygen is the most
abundant element (46.6%).
 Silicon is the second most abundant
element (27.7%).
 Aluminum (8.1%), iron (5.0%), calcium
(3.6%), sodium (2.8%), potassium (2.6%).
and magnesium (2.1%) complete the list
of elements that account for approximately
98.5% of the total mass of the earth's
crust.
Elements
 Elements are a pure substance.
 Made of only one kind of material, has definite
properties, and is the same all throughout.

 Elements are the simplest pure substance.


 They cannot be broken down into simpler
substances without losing their identity.
Elements and Atoms
 The smallest particle of an element that
has the properties of that element is called
an atom.

 Atoms: the building blocks of matter.

 Atoms of the same element are alike;


atoms of different elements
are different.
Chemical Symbols
 Shorthand way of representing the
elements.

 Usually one or two letters.

 Usually taken from the name of the


element.
 Carbon-C,Calcium-Ca, Hydrogen-H, Iodine-I,
Oxygen-O, Chlorine-Cl
Chemical Symbols
 Some symbols come from their Latin
name:
 Gold-Au--aurum
 Silver-Ag--argentum
 Iron-Fe--Ferrum
 Mercury-Hg--hydrogyrum
Compounds
 Pure substances made up of more than
one element.
 2 or more elements chemically combined.
 Ex: H2O, NaCl, C6H12O6, CO2
 Unlike elements, compounds can be
broken down to simpler substances.
 This can happen through a chemical
reaction.
Compounds
 The properties of the elements that make
up a compound are often quite different
from the properties of the compound itself.

 Sodium-Na--highly reactive metal


 Chlorine-Cl--poisonous gas

 Sodium Chloride-NaCl--table salt


Molecules
 Compounds are made of molecules.
 A molecule is 2 or more atoms chemically bonded.
 Water-2 atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen-
together they form one molecule of H2O.
 A molecule is the smallest particle of a
compound that has all the properties of that
compound.
 Just as all atoms of a certain element are alike,
all molecules of a certain compound are alike.
Chemical Formulas
 A shorthand way of representing compounds.
 If chemical symbols are the “letters,” these are
the “words.”
 Ex: NH3 - ammonia, C3H7OH - rubbing alcohol
 Sometimes, the formula represents a molecule
of a single element.
 These are called diatomic molecules. This is
how that element is naturally found.
 O2-Oxygen H2-Hydrogen Cl2-Chlorine
Chemical Formulas
 Subscripts are small numbers used in chemical
formulas.
 They are placed to the lower RIGHT of the
chemical symbols.
 Represent # of atoms of an element in a
compound.

 CO2 = 1 atom of carbon and 2 atoms of oxygen.


 H2SO4 = 2 atoms of hydrogen, 1 atom of
sulfur and 4 atoms of oxygen

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