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Life Processes Class 10 Notes Science Chapter 6

August 12, 2024 by Sastry CBSE

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Life processes online courses

CBSE Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 6 Life Processes Biology Pdf free
download is part of Class 10 Science Notes for Quick Revision. Here we
have given NCERT Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 6 Life Processes.
According to new CBSE Exam Pattern, MCQ Questions for Class 10 Science
pdf Carries 20 Marks.

You can aslo read Life Processes Class 10 NCERT Solutions to score more
marks in your examinations.

Life Process Class 10 Science Notes

Nutrition in Plants and Animals – Life Processes Class 10 Notes

 Nutrition: The process by which an organism takes food and

utilizes it, is called nutrition.

 Need for Nutrition: Organisms need the energy to perform various

activities. The energy is supplied by the nutrients. Organisms need
various raw materials for growth and repair. These raw materials are
provided by nutrients.

 Nutrients: Materials which provide nutrition to organisms are called

nutrients. Carbohydrates, proteins and fats are the main nutrients
and are called macronutrients. Minerals and vitamins are required in
small amounts and hence are called micronutrients.
  Modes of Nutrition
1. Autotrophic Nutrition.
2. Heterotrophic Nutrition.

Autotrophic Nutrition – Life Processes Class 10 Notes

The mode of nutrition in which an organism prepares its own food is called
autotrophic nutrition. Green plants and blue-green algae follow the
autotrophic mode of nutrition.

 The organisms which carry out autotrophic nutrition are called

autotrophs (green plants).

 Autotrophic nutrition is fulfilled by the process, by which autotrophs

intake CO2 and H2O, and convert these into carbohydrates in the
presence of chlorophyll, sunlight is called photosynthesis.

 Equation

Tenth grade science workbooks

Nutrition in Plants: Green plants prepare their own food. They make
food in the presence of sunlight. Sunlight provides energy’, carbon dioxide
and water are the raw materials and chloroplast is the site where food is
made.

What is Photosynthesis in biology class 10?

Photosynthesis: The process by which green plants prepare food is

called photosynthesis.
  During this process, the solar energy is converted into chemical
energy and carbohydrates are formed.

 Green leaves are the main site of photosynthesis.

 The green portion of the plant contains a pigment chloroplast,

chlorophyll (green pigment).

 The whole process of photosynthesis can be shown by the following

equation:

Raw Materials for Photosynthesis:

Biology textbooks

 Sunlight

 Chlorophyll: Sunlight absorbed by chloroplast

 CO2: Enters through stomata, and oxygen (O2) is released as a

byproduct through stomata on the leaf.

 Water: Water + dissolved minerals like nitrogen, phosphorous etc.,

are taken up by the roots from the soil.

How do raw materials for photosynthesis become available to the plant?

 Water comes from the soil, through the xylem tissue in roots and
stems.

 Carbon dioxide comes in the leaves through stomata.

Stomata Diagram Class 10

Site of Photosynthesis: Chloroplast in the leaf. Chloroplast contains

chlorophyll (green pigment)

Main Events of Photosynthesis:

 Absorption of light energy by chlorophyll.

 Conversion of light energy into chemical energy + splitting

(breaking) of water into hydrogen and oxygen.

 Reduction of CO2 to carbohydrates.

 Sunlight activates chlorophyll, which leads to splitting of the water

molecule.
  The hydrogen, released by the splitting of a water molecule is
utilized for the reduction of carbon dioxide to produce
carbohydrates.

 Oxygen is the by-product of photosynthesis.

 Carbohydrate is subsequently converted into starch and is stored in

leaves and other storage parts.

 The splitting of water molecules is a part of the light reaction.

Other steps are part of the dark reaction during photosynthesis.

Indoor plant care guides

Stomata – Life Processes Class 10 Notes

Life processes online courses

 Stomata: These are tiny pores present in the epidermis of leaf or

stem through which gaseous exchange and transpiration occur.

Functions of stomata

 Exchange of gases, O2 and CO2.

  Loses a large amount of water (water vapour) during transpiration.

Opening and closing of stomatal pores:

 The opening and closing of stomatal pores are controlled by the

turgidity of guard cells.

 When guard cells uptake water from surrounding cells, they swell to
become a turgid body, which enlarges the pore in between
(Stomatal Opening).

 While, when water is released, they become flaccid shrinking to

close the pore (Stomatal Closing).

Tenth grade science workbooks

Significance of Photosynthesis:

 Photosynthesis is the main way through which solar energy is made

available for different living beings.

 Green plants are the main producers of food in the ecosystem. All
other organisms directly or indirectly depend on green plants for
food.
  The process of photosynthesis also helps in maintaining the balance
of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the air.

Heterotrophic Nutrition – Life Processes Class 10 Notes

The mode of nutrition in which an organism takes food from another

organism is called heterotrophic nutrition. Organisms, other than green
plants and blue-green algae follow the heterotrophic mode of nutrition.
Heterotrophic nutrition can be further divided into three types, viz.
saprophytic nutrition, holozoic nutrition, and parasitic.

 Saprophytic Nutrition: In saprophytic nutrition, the organism

secretes the digestive juices on the food. The food is digested while
it is still to be ingested. The digested food is then ingested by the
organism. All the decomposers follow saprophytic nutrition. Some
insects, like houseflies, also follow this mode of nutrition.

 Holozoic Nutrition: In holozoic nutrition, the digestion happens

inside the body of the organism. i.e., after the food is ingested. Most
of the animals follow this mode of nutrition.

 Parasitic Nutrition: The organism which lives inside or outside

another organism (host) and derives nutrition from it is known as
parasites and this type of mode of nutrition is called parasitic
nutrition. For example Cuscuta, tick etc.

Nutrition in Amoeba

Indoor plant care guides

 Amoeba is a unicellular animal which follows the holozoic mode of

nutrition.

 In holozoic nutrition, the digestion of food follows after the ingestion

of food. Thus, digestion takes place inside the body of the organism.
  Holozoic nutrition happens in five steps, viz. ingestion, digestion,
absorption, assimilation and egestion.

Steps of Holozoic Nutrition:

 Ingestion: The process of taking in the food is called ingestion.

 Digestion: The process of breaking complex food substances into

simple molecules is called digestion. Simple molecules, thus
obtained, can be absorbed by the body.

 Absorption: The process of absorption of digested food is called

absorption.

 Assimilation: The process of utilization of digested food, for energy

and for growth and repair is called assimilation.

 Egestion: The process of removing undigested food from the body is

called egestion.

Photosynthesis experiment kits

Amoeba is a unicellular animal which follows the holozoic mode of

nutrition. The cell membrane of amoeba keeps on protruding into
pseudopodia. Amoeba surrounds a food particle with pseudopodia and
makes a food vacuole. The food vacuole contains food particle and water.
Digestive enzymes are secreted in the food vacuole and digestion takes
place. After that, digested food is absorbed from the food vacuole. Finally,
the food vacuole moves near the cell membrane and undigested food is
expelled out.
Nutrition in Human Beings – Life Processes Class 10 Notes

Human beings are complex animals, which have a complex digestive

system. The human digestive system is composed of an alimentary canal
and some accessory glands. The alimentary canal is divided into several
parts, like oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum
and anus. Salivary gland, liver and pancreas are the accessory glands
which lie outside the alimentary canal.

Structure of the Human Digestive System:

The human digestive system comprises of the alimentary canal and
associated digestive glands.

 Alimentary Canal: It comprises of mouth, oesophagus, stomach,

small intestine and large intestine.

 Associated Glands: Main associated glands are

 Salivary gland

 Gastric Glands

 Liver

 Pancreas

Mouth or Buccal Cavity:

 The mouth has teeth and tongue. Salivary glands are also present in
the mouth.

 The tongue has gustatory receptors which perceive the sense of

taste.

 The tongue helps in turning over the food so that saliva can be
properly mixed in it.

 Teeth help in breaking down the food into smaller particles so that,
swallowing of food becomes easier.

 There are four types of teeth in human beings. The incisor teeth are
used for cutting the food.

 The canine teeth are used for tearing the food and for cracking hard
substances.

 The premolars are used for the coarse grinding of food. The molars
are used for fine grinding of food.

Life processes online courses

Salivary glands secrete saliva: Saliva makes the food slippery which
makes it easy to swallow the food. Saliva also contains the enzyme
salivary amylase or ptyalin. Salivary amylase digests starch and converts
it into sucrose, (maltose).
Oesophagus: Taking food from mouth to stomach by Peristaltic
movement.

Peristaltic movement: Rhythmic contraction of muscles of the lining of

the alimentary canal to push the food forward.

Stomach

 Stomach is a bag-like organ. Highly muscular walls of the stomach

help in churning the food.

 The walls of the stomach secrete hydrochloric acid. Hydrochloric

acid kills the germs which may be present in food.

 Moreover, it makes the medium inside the stomach as acidic. The

acidic medium is necessary for gastric enzymes to work.

 The enzyme pepsin, secreted in the stomach, does partial digestion

of protein.

 The mucus, secreted by the walls of the stomach saves the inner
lining of the stomach from getting damaged from hydrochloric acid.

Small Intestine: It is a highly coiled tube-like structure. The small

intestine is longer than the large intestine but its lumen is smaller than
that of the large intestine. The small intestine is divided into three parts,
like duodenum, jejunum and ileum.

Liver: Liver is the largest organ in the human body. The liver
manufactures bile, which gets stored in the gall bladder. From the gall
bladder, bile is released as and when required.

Pancreas: Pancreas is situated below the stomach. It secretes pancreatic

juice which contains many digestive enzymes.
Bile and pancreatic juice go to the duodenum through a hepatopancreatic
duct. Bile breaks down fat into smaller particles. This process is called
emulsification of fat. After that, the enzyme lipase digests fat into fatty
acids and glycerol. Trypsin and chymotrypsin are enzymes which digest
protein into amino acids. Complex carbohydrates are digested into
glucose. The major part of digestion takes place in the duodenum.

No digestion takes place in the jejunum: The inner wall in the ileum is
projected into numerous finger-like structures, called villi. Villi increase the
surface area inside the ileum so that optimum absorption can take place.
Moreover, villi also reduce the lumen of the ileum so that food can stay for
a longer duration in it, for optimum absorption. Digested food is absorbed
by villi.

Large Intestine:

 Large intestine is smaller than the small intestine.

 Undigested food goes into the large intestine.

 Some water and salt are absorbed by the walls of the large
intestine. After that, the undigested food goes to the rectum, from
where it is expelled out through the anus.

 Large Intestine bbsorb excess of water. The rest of the material is

removed from the body via the anus. (Egestion).
Respiration – Life Processes Class 10 Notes

Life processes online courses

Types of respiration, aerobic and anaerobic respiration, human respiratory

system, respiration in plants.

Respiration: The process by which a living being utilises the food to get
energy, is called respiration. Respiration is an oxidation reaction in which
carbohydrate is oxidized to produce energy. Mitochondria is the site of
respiration and the energy released is stored in the form of ATP
(adenosine triphosphate). ATP is stored in mitochondria and is released as
per need.

Steps of respiration:

 Breaking down of glucose into pyruvate: This step happens in

the cytoplasm. Glucose molecule is broken down into pyruvic acid.
Glucose molecule is composed of 6 carbon atoms, while pyruvic acid
is composed of 3 carbon atoms.

 Fate of Pyruvic Acid: Further breaking down of pyruvic acid takes

place in mitochondria and the molecules formed depend on the type
of respiration in a particular organism. Respiration is of two types,
viz. aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration.

 Respiration involves

 Gaseous exchange: Intake of oxygen from the atmosphere and

release of CO2 → Breathing.

 Breakdown of simple food in order to release energy inside the

cell → Cellular respiration

Human Respiratory System Diagram Class 10

Types of Respiration – Life Processes Class 10 Notes

 Aerobic respiration: This type of respiration happens in the

presence of oxygen. Pyruvic acid is converted into carbon dioxide.
Energy is released and water molecule is also formed at the end of
this process.

 Anaerobic respiration: This type of respiration happens in the

absence of oxygen. Pyruvic acid is either converted into ethyl
alcohol or lactic acid. Ethyl alcohol is usually formed in case of
anaerobic respiration in microbes, like yeast or bacteria. Lactic acid
is formed in some microbes as well as in the muscle cells.

Tenth grade science workbooks

  Glucose (6 carbon molecule) → Pyruvate (3 carbon molecules)
+ Energy

 Pyruvate (In yeast, lack of O2) → Ethyl alcohol + Carbon

dioxide + Energy

 Pyruvate (In muscles, lack of O2) → Lactic Acid + Energy

 Pyruvate (In mitochondria; the presence of O2) → Carbon

dioxide + Water + Energy

The equations for the above reactions can be written as follows:

Pain in leg muscles while running:

 When someone runs too fast, he may experience throbbing pain in

the leg muscles. This happens because of anaerobic respiration
taking place in the muscles.

 During running, the energy demand from the muscle cells increases.
This is compensated by anaerobic respiration and lactic acid is
formed in the process.
  The deposition of lactic acid causes pain in the leg muscles. The
pain subsides after taking rest for some time.

Exchange of gases:

 For aerobic respiration, organisms need a continuous supply of

oxygen, and carbon dioxide produced during the process needs to
be removed from the body.

 Different organisms use different methods for the intake of oxygen

and expulsion of carbon dioxide.

 Diffusion is the method which is utilized by unicellular and some

simple organisms for this purpose.

 In plants also, diffusion is utilized for exchange of gases.

 In complex animals, respiratory system does the job of exchange of

gases.

 Gills are the respiratory organs for fishes. Fishes take in oxygen
which is dissolved in water through gills.

 Since, availability of oxygen is less in the aquatic environment, so

the breathing rate of aquatic organisms is faster.

 Insects have a system of spiracles and trachease which is used for

taking in oxygen.

 Terrestrial organisms have developed lungs for exchange of gases.

 Availability of oxygen is not a problem in the terrestrial environment

so breathing rate is slower as compared to what it is in fishes.

Photosynthesis experiment kits

Terrestrial organisms: Use atmospheric oxygen for respiration.

Aquatic organisms: Use dissolve oxygen for respiration.

Human respiratory system – Life Processes Class 10 Notes

The human respiratory system is composed of a pair of lungs. These are

attached to a system of tubes which open on the outside through the
nostrils.
Following are the main structures in the human respiratory system:

1. Nostrils: There are two nostrils which converge to form a nasal

passage. The inner lining of the nostrils is lined by hair and remains
wet due to mucus secretion. The mucus and the hair help in filtering
the dust particles out from inhaled air. Further, air is warmed up
when it enters the nasal passage.
 2. Pharynx: It is a tube-like structure which continues after the nasal
passage.

3. Larynx: This part comes after the pharynx. This is also called voice
box.

4. Trachea: This is composed of rings of cartilage. Cartilaginous rings

prevent the collapse of trachea in the absence of air.

5. Bronchi: A pair of bronchi comes out from the trachea, with one
bronchus going to each lung.

6. Bronchioles: A bronchus divides into branches and sub-branches

inside the lung.

7. Alveoli: These are air sacs at the end of bronchioles. The alveolus is
composed of a very thin membrane and is the place where blood
capillaries open. This is alveolus, where the oxygen mixes with the
blood and carbon dioxide exits from the blood. The exchange of
gases, in alveoli, takes place due to the pressure differential.

Photosynthesis experiment kits

Passage of air through the respiratory system in human beings:

Breathing Mechanism

 The breathing mechanism of lungs is controlled by the diaphragm

and the intercostalis muscles.

 The diaphragm is a membrane which separates the thoracic

chamber from the abdominal cavity.

 When the diaphragm moves down, the lungs expand and the air is
inhaled.

 When the diaphragm moves up, the lungs contract and air are
exhaled.
Transportation – Life Processes Class 10 Notes

Life processes online courses

Circulatory system of human being, transportation in plants. Human

beings like other multicellular organism need a regular supply of foods,
oxygen etc. This function is performed by a circulatory system or transport
system.

Transportation in Human Beings: The circulatory system is responsible

for transport of various substances in human beings. It is composed of the
heart, arteries, veins and blood capillaries. Blood plays the role of the
carrier of substances.

More Diagrams:

 Nephron Diagram Class 10

 Brain Diagram Class 10

 Human Eye Diagram Class 10

 Heart Diagram Class 10

1. Heart: Heart is a muscular organ, which is composed of cardiac

muscles.

Tenth grade science workbooks

 It is so small that, it can fit inside an adult’s wrist. The heart is a

pumping organ which pumps the blood.

 The human heart is composed of four chambers, viz. right atrium,

right ventricle, left ventricle and left atrium.

 Systole: Contraction of cardiac muscles is called systole.

 Diastole: Relaxation of cardiac muscles is called diastole.

2. Arteries:

 These are thick-walled blood vessels which carry oxygenated blood

from the heart to different organs.

 Pulmonary arteries are exceptions because they carry deoxygenated

blood from the heart to lungs, where oxygenation of blood takes
place.

3. Veins:
  These are thin-walled blood vessels which carry deoxygenated blood
from different organs to the heart, pulmonary veins are exceptions
because they carry oxygenated blood from lungs to the heart.

 Valves are present in veins to prevent back flow of blood.

4. Capillaries: These are the blood vessels which have single-celled

walls.

Blood: Blood is a connective tissue which plays the role of the carrier for
various substances in the body. Blood is composed of 1. Plasma 2. Blood
cells 3. Platelets.

 Blood plasma: Blood plasma is a pale coloured liquid which is

mostly composed of water. Blood plasma forms the matrix of blood.

 Bloods cells: There are two types of blood cells, viz. Red Blood
Cells (RBCs) and White Blood Cells (WBCs).
(a) Red Blood Corpuscles (RBCs): These are of red colour because of
the presence of haemoglobin which is a pigment. Haemoglobin
readily combines with oxygen and carbon dioxide. The transport of
oxygen happens through haemoglobin. Some part of carbon dioxide
is also transported through haemoglobin.
(b) White Blood Corpuscles (WBCs): These are of pale white colour.
They play important role in the immunity.
  Platelets: Platelets are responsible for blood coagulation. Blood
coagulation is a defense mechanism which prevents excess loss of
blood, in case of an injury.

Lymph:

 Lymph is similar to blood but RBCs are absent in lymph.

 Lymph is formed from the fluid which leaks from blood capillaries
and goes to the intercellular space in the tissues. This fluid is
collected through lymph vessels and finally return to the blood
capillaries.

 Lymph also plays an important role in the immune system.

 Lymph a yellowish fluids escape from the blood capillaries into the
intercellular spaces contain less proteins than blood.

 Lymph flows from the tissues to the heart assisting in transportation

and destroying germs.

Double circulation: In the human heart, blood passes through the heart
twice in one cardiac cycle. This type of circulation is called double
circulation. One complete heartbeat in which all the chambers of the heart
contract and relax once is called cardiac cycle. The heart beats about 72
times per minute in a normal adult. In one cardiac cycle, the heart pumps
out 70 mL blood and thus, about 4900 mL blood in a minute. Double
circulation ensures complete segregation of oxygenated and
deoxygenated blood which is necessary for optimum energy production in
warm-blooded animals.

Transportation in plants: Plants have specialized vascular tissues for

transportation of substances. There are two types of vascular tissues in
plants.
  Xylem: Xylem is responsible for transportation of water and
minerals. It is composed of trachids, xylem vessels, xylem
parenchyma and xylem fibre. Tracheids and xylem vessels are the
conducting elements. The xylem makes a continuous tube in plants
which runs from roots to stem and right up to the veins of leaves.

 Carry water and minerals from the leaves to the other part of the
plant.

 Phloem: Phloem is responsible for transportation of food. Phloem is

composed of sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem parenchyma and
bast fibers. Sieve tubes are the conducting elements in phloem.

 Carries product of photosynthesis from roots to other part of the

plant.

Indoor plant care guides

Transportation in plants

Ascent of sap: The upward movement of water and minerals from roots
to different plant parts is called ascent of sap. Many factors are at play in
ascent of sap and it takes place in many steps. They are explained as
follows :

 Root pressure: The walls of cells of root hairs are very thin. Water
from soil enters the root hairs because of osmosis. Root pressure is
responsible for movement of water up to the base of the stem.

 Capillary action: A very fine tube is called capillaiy, water, or any

liquid, rises in the capillary because of physical forces and this
phenomenon is called capillary action. Water, in stem, rises up to
some height because of capillaiy action.

 Adhesion-cohesion of water molecules: Water molecules make a

continuous column in the xylem because of forces of adhesion and
cohesion among the molecules.

 Transpiration pull: Loss of water vapour through stomata and

lenticels, in plants, is called transpiration. Transpiration through
stomata creates vacuum which creates a suction, called
transpiration pull. The transpiration pull sucks the water column
 from the xylem tubes and thus, water is able to rise to great heights
in even the tallest plants.

 Transport of food: Transport of food in plants happens because of

utilization of energy. Thus, unlike the transport through xylem, it is a
form of active transport. Moreover, the flow of substances through
phloem takes place in both directions, i.e., it is a two-way traffic in
phloem.
Transpiration is the process of loss of water as vapour from aerial
parts of the plant.

Functions

 Absorption and upward movement of water and minerals by

creating pull.

 Helps in temperature regulation in plant.

Transport of food from leaves (food factory) to different parts of the plant
is called Translocation.

Excretion – Life Processes Class 10 Notes

Life processes online courses

Human excretory system, excretion in plants.

Excretion in human beings:

 Removal of harmful waste from the body is called excretion.

 Many wastes are produced during various metabolic activities.

 These need to be removed in time because their accumulation in

the body can be harmful and even lethal for an organism.

Human Excretory System Diagram Class 10

Human Excretory System:

 The human excretory system is composed of a pair of kidneys.

 A tube, called ureter, comes out of each kidney and goes to the
urinary bladder.

 Urine is collected in the urinary bladder, from where it is expelled

out through urethra as and when required.
Tenth grade science workbooks

Kidney Diagram Class 10

Excretory system of human beings includes :

 A pair of kidneys.

 A urinary bladder.

 A pair of the ureter.

 A urethra.

Kidney:

 Kidney is a bean-shaped organ which lies near the vertebral column

in the abdominal cavity.

 The kidney is composed of many filtering units, called nephrons.

 Nephron is called the functional unit of kidney.

Nephron

 It is composed of a tangled mess of tubes and a filtering part, called

glomerulus.

 The glomerulus is a network of blood capillaries to which renal

artery is attached.

 The artery which takes blood to the glomerulus is called afferent

arteriole and the one receiving blood from the glomerulus is called
efferent arteriole.

 The glomerulus is enclosed in a capsule like portion, called

bowman’s capsule. The bowman’s capsule extends into a fine tube
which is highly coiled.
  Tubes from various nephrons converge into collecting duct, which
finally goes to the ureter.

Urine formation in the kidney: The urine formation involves three

steps:

 Glomerular filtration: Nitrogenous wastes, glucose, water, amino

acid filter from the blood into bowman’s capsule of the nephron.

 Tubular reabsorption: Now, useful substances from the filtrate are

reabsorbed back by capillaries surrounding the nephron.

 Secretion: Extra water, salts are secreted into the tubule which
opens up into the collecting duct and then into the ureter.

Urine produced in the kidneys passes through the ureters into the urinary
bladder where it is stored until it is released through the urethra.
The purpose of making urine is to filter out waste product from the blood
i.e., urea which is produced in the liver.

Haemodialysis: The process of purifying blood by an artificial kidney. It is

meant for kidney failure patient.

Excretion in Plants

 Other wastes may be stored in leaves, bark etc. which fall off from
the plant.

 Plants excrete some waste into the soil around them.

 Gums, resin → In old xylem

  Some metabolic wastes in the form of crystals of calcium oxalates in
the leaves of colocasia and stem of Zamikand.

Nutrition in Plants and Animals

Nutrition: Process of obtaining and utilizing of food is known as nutrition.

Mode of nutrition:

 Autotrophic Nutrition (All green plants)

 Heterotrophic Nutrition (Animals, Man, Non-green plants)

 Saprotrophic nutrition

 Parasitic nutrition

 Holozoic nutrition

Autotrophs: It is a mode of nutrition in which organisms can make their

own food from simple raw material. Example, all green plants.

Photosynthesis experiment kits

Heterotrophs: It is a mode of nutrition in which organisms cannot

prepare their food on their own and depend on others. Example, animals.

Saprotrophic Nutrition: It is the process by which the organism feeds

on dead and decaying matter. Example, Rhizopus, Mucor, yeast.

Photosynthesis: It is the process by which green plants prepare their

own food.

Raw materials for photosynthesis:

 Water and Minerals: These are absorbed by the roots from the
soil.

 Carbon dioxide: Carbon dioxide enters the leaves through tiny

pores called stomata.

 Sunlight: Energy from the sun is called solar energy.

 Chlorophyll: Chlorophyll pigment helps leaves to capture solar

energy.

Products of Photosynthesis: Carbohydrate-glucose- It is converted to

starch.

Symbiotic relationship: Two organisms live in a close association and

develop a relationship that is beneficial to both this is called a symbiotic
relationship.
Example, Lichen is a living partnership between a fungus an alga. Fungus
absorbs water and provides shelter and alga prepare food by
photosynthesis

Insectivores: Plants feed on insects for their nitrogen requirements.

Holozoic nutrition: It means feeding on solid food. Organism takes

complex organic food into the body. Example, man, amoeba, dog, etc.

Photosynthesis experiment kits

 Herbivores: Animals which feed on plants only. Example, deer,

cow.

 Carnivores: Animals which feed on flesh or meat. Example, tiger.

 Omnivores: Animals which feed on both plant and flesh. Example,

man, dog.

Steps of Holozoic nutrition:

 Ingestion: Taking food into the mouth.

 Digestion: Break down of large insoluble food into small water-

soluble molecules by enzymes.

 Absorption: Digested food absorbed through the intestinal wall into

the blood.

 Assimilation: Absorbed food is taken by body cells for releasing

energy, growth and repair.

 Egestion: Eliminating undigested food from the body.

Digestive organs of human beings: Mouth, oesophagus, stomach,

small intestine and large intestine with glands like salivary gland, liver,
pancreas.

Teeth: An organ which breaks down the complex food and helps in
chewing the food.

 Milk teeth: The first set of 20 small teeth when the baby is 6-7
months old.

 Permanent teeth: The second set of 32 larger teeth, when a child

is 6-7 years old and comes by replacing milk teeth.

Enamel: A white, strong, shining, protective material covering on teeth.

Tongue: A muscular organ attached to the floor of the buccal cavity which
helps in tasting and mixing the food with saliva for digestion.

Transportation in Plants and Animals

Indoor plant care guides

 Vascular tissue: A plant tissue which helps in transportation.

 Xylem tissue: It helps in transporting water and minerals in plants.

 Phloem: It helps in transporting food in plants.

 Translocation: The process of transporting food from leaves to

other parts of plants.

 Transpiration: A loss of water from stomata in leaves.

 Blood: A red colour fluid which circulates in the body of animals.

 Plasma: Fluid part of the blood which consists of nutrients,

hormones, and waste products.

 Blood vessel: Tube-like structure present in the body for carrying

blood inside the body.

 Artery: It carries oxygenated blood from the heart to body parts.

 Vein: It carries deoxygenated blood from body parts to the heart.

 Capillary: A thin-walled narrow tube which connects artery and

vein.

 Heart: A muscular organ present in the thoracic cavity and helps in

pumping blood in the body.

 Double circulation: A circulatory system in which blood travels

twice through the heart in one complete cycle.

 Heartbeat: One complete contraction and relaxation of the heart

(72 times in a minute).

 Stethoscope: Instrument which measures heartbeat.

 Systolic pressure: Maximum pressure at which blood flows during

contraction of the heart. (120 mm Hg)

 Diastolic pressure: Minimum pressure at which blood flows during

relaxation of the heart. (80 mm Hg)

 Sphygmomanometer: Instrument which measures blood pressure.

 Lymph: A light yellow liquid flowing from body tissue to the blood
circulatory system and provides immunity.

Excretion in Plants and Animals

 Excretion: It is the process of removing waste products from the

body.
  Excretory products of plants: CO2, O2, water vapour, peel of
bark, fruits, leaves, gum, raisin, etc.

 Excretory products of humans: Carbon dioxide, urea, etc.

 Kidney: Organ which removes the toxic substance urea from blood
and filters it.

 Urine: A yellowish liquid which contains water and urea.

 Dialysis: The procedure used for cleaning the blood of a person in

case of kidney failure.

 Nephron: Functional unit of excretory system present in the kidney

for filtering blood.

 Renal Artery: Blood vessels which bring blood from heart to

kidney.

 Renal Vein: Blood vessel which brings blood from kidney to heart.

NCERT Notes for Class 10 Science

NCERT Solutions bundle

 Chapter 1 Chemical Reactions and Equations Class 10 Notes

 Chapter 2 Acids Bases and Salts Class 10 Notes

 Chapter 3 Metals and Non-metals Class 10 Notes

 Chapter 4 Carbon and its Compounds Class 10 Notes

 Chapter 5 Periodic Classification of Elements Class 10 Notes

 Chapter 6 Life Processes Class 10 Notes

 Chapter 7 Control and Coordination Class 10 Notes

 Chapter 8 How do Organisms Reproduce Class 10 Notes

 Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution Class 10 Notes

 Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction Class 10 Notes

 Chapter 11 Human Eye and Colourful World Class 10 Notes

 Chapter 12 Electricity Class 10 Notes

 Chapter 13 Magnetic Effects of Electric Current Class 10 Notes

 Chapter 14 Sources of Energy Class 10 Notes

 Chapter 15 Our Environment Class 10 Notes

 Chapter 16 Management of Natural Resources Class 10 Notes

We hope the given CBSE Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 6 Life Processes
Pdf free download will help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT
Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 6 Life Processes, drop a comment below
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Filed Under: CBSETagged With: Life Processes Class 10 Notes, science

class 10 notes Life Processes

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