Republic of the Philippines

REGION X – NORTHERN MINDANAO

Department of Education
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF MISAMIS ORIENTAL
VILLANUEVA DISTRICT
VILLANUEVA SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
San Martin, Villanueva Misamis Oriental

Name: ______________________________________ Date: ____________________

Grade Level and Section: ____________________ Subject: Practical Research 2

Lesson Title: The Importance of Research in Daily Life

Lesson Competency: Describe the characteristics, strengths, weaknesses, and kinds of quantitative research
(CS_RS12-Ia-c-1)
References: CIRT: Center for Innovation in Research and Teaching.no date. “An Overview of Quantitative
Research.” Grand Canyon University. Accessed June 1, 2020. https://bit.ly/2LUP3ye
LAS No.: 2

Concept Notes:

You have learned from Practical Research 1 that research method is classified into two main types:
quantitative and qualitative. While both methods utilize a specific data gathering procedure, the former is
generally concerned with understanding phenomenon relating to or involving quality or kind. The latter, on
the other hand, is based on the measurement or quantity. In this learning activity sheet, we will focus on
quantitative methods of research and what are its different kinds.
Quantitative research uses scientifically collected and statistically analyzed data to investigate
observable phenomena. A phenomenon is any existing or observable fact or situation that we want to
unearth further or understand. It is scientific for the fact that it uses a scientific method in designing and
collecting numerical data. Once data is collected, it will undergo statistical analysis like Pearson’s r, t-test
and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for analysis. Since data is analyzed statistically, it is imperative that the
data obtained must be numerical and quantifiable, hence its name quantitative research.
Numerical data are generally easier to collect than descriptions or phrases used in qualitative
research. Information like student’s grades in different subjects, number of hours of engagement in social
media platforms of teens, percentage of consumers who prefer the color blue for soap packaging, average
daily Covid-19 patient recovery per region are just few examples of research data expressed in numbers.
Some data on the other hand, are not directly countable and thus require conversion from non-numerical
information into numerical information. For instance, determining which brand of canned sardines is the
best choice for consumers in terms of taste cannot be expressed in numbers unless we do a survey using a
rating scale. Several forms of rating scales are available, e.g., the Likert scale that we can use to quantify
data. Usually, they come in a selection of numbers with a corresponding meaning for each choice, for
example: 1= tastes very good, 2 = satisfactory, or 3 = undesirable. Numerical choices convert texts into
numbers so the researcher can perform mathematical operations for faster, more accurate, and more
objective analysis.

Characteristics of Quantitative Research

Quantitative research is commonly used in natural sciences research problems because of the following
characteristics:
1. LARGE SAMPLE SIZE. To obtain more meaningful statistical result, the data must come from a
large sample size.

2. OBJECTIVE. Data gathering and analysis of results are done accurately, objectively, and are
unaffected by the researcher’s intuition and personal guesses.

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 3. VISUAL RESULT PRESENTATION. Data is numerical, which makes presentation through
graphs, charts, and tables possible and for better conveyance and interpretation.
4. FASTER DATA ANALYSIS. The use of a statistical tools give way for a less time-consuming data
analysis.

5. GENERALIZED DATA. Data taken from a sample can be applied to the population if sampling is
done accordingly, i.e., sufficient size and random samples were taken.

6. FAST DATA COLLECTION. Depending on the type of data needed, collection can be quick and
easy. Quantitative research uses standardized research instruments that allow the researcher to collect
data from a large sample size efficiently. For instance, a single survey form can be administered
simultaneously to collect various measurable characteristics like age, gender, socio-economic status,
etc.

7. RELIABLE DATA. Data is taken and analyzed objectively from a sample as a representative of the
population, making it more credible and reliable for policymaking and decision making.

8. REPLICATION. The quantitative method can be repeated to verify findings enhancing its validity,
free from false or immature conclusions.

Strengths of Quantitative Research

The following are the strengths of quantitative research:
1. Quantitative research can be replicated or repeated
2. Findings are generalizable to the population
3. Conclusive establishment of cause and effect
4. Numerical and quantifiable data can be used to predict outcomes
5. Fast and easy data analysis using statistical software
6. Fast and easy data gathering
7. Very objective
8. Validity and reliability can be established

Weaknesses of Quantitative Research

The following are the disadvantages of quantitative research:
1. It lacks the necessary data to explore a problem or concept in depth.
2. It does not provide comprehensive explanation of human experiences.
3. Some information cannot be described by numerical data such as feelings, and beliefs.
4. The research design is rigid and not very flexible.
5. The participants are limited to choose only from the given responses.
6. The respondents may tend to provide inaccurate responses.
7. A Large sample size makes data collection expensive.

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Kinds of Quantitative Research Designs
Quantitative research is a broad spectrum that it can be classified into smaller and more specific
kinds: descriptive, correlational, ex post facto, quasi-experimental, and experimental.
1. Descriptive design is used to describe a particular phenomenon by observing it as it occurs in
nature. There is no experimental manipulation and the researcher does not start with a hypothesis.
The goal of descriptive research is only to describe the person or object of the study. An example
of descriptive research design is “the determination of the different kinds of physical activities and
how often high school students do it during the quarantine period.”

2. Correlational design identifies the relationship between variables. Data is collected by

observation since it does not consider the cause and effect for example, the relationship between the
amount of physical activity done and student academic achievement.

3. Ex post facto design is used to investigate a possible relationship between previous events and
present conditions. The term “Ex post facto”, means after the fact, looks at the possible causes of an
already occurring phenomenon. Just like the first two, there is no experimental manipulation in this
design. An example of this is “how does the parent’s academic achievement affect the children
obesity?”

4. Quasi-experimental design is used to establish the cause-and-effect relationship of variables.

Although it resembles the experimental design, the quasi-experimental has lesser validity due to the
absence of random selection and assignment of subjects. Here, the independent variable is identified
but not manipulated. The researcher does not modify pre-existing groups of subjects. The group
exposed to treatment (experimental) is compared to the group unexposed to treatment (control):
example, the effects of unemployment on attitude towards following safety protocol in ECQ declared
areas.

5. Experimental design like quasi- experimental is used to establish the cause-and-effect

relationship of two or more variables. This design provides a more conclusive result because it
uses random assignment of subjects and experimental manipulations. For example, a comparison of
the effects of various blended learning to the reading comprehension of elementary pupils.

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 Name: ______________________________________ Grade Level and Section: ________________
Subject: Practical Research 2 / LAS No. 2 Score: _________________________________

ANSWER SHEET
General Instruction: SUBMIT ONLY THIS ANSWER SHEET. Keep the concept notes for you to study
and recall the previous lessons.

Activity 1: True or False

Direction: On the space provided, write TRUE if the statement describes quantitative research and FALSE
if it does not.

_______1. Quantitative data can be presented using tables and graphs.

_______2. The results of quantitative research can be used to generalize and predict.
_______3. Quantitative research is flexible so at any stage, the study may change.
_______4. Quantitative data are more credible, reliable, and useful than qualitative data.
_______5. The research study cannot be replicated or repeated because it is unique in every case.

Activity 2: Yes or No
Direction: Write YES on the blank if the question requires for quantitative approach and NO if it does not.

__________1. Are high grades in Mathematics a good indicator for employment after graduation?
__________2. Will taking brain enhancers increase examination scores?
__________3. Are there changes in consumer behavior before and after online selling was popularized?
__________4. Do online learning materials enhance the computer skills of students?
__________5. Are there changes in the study habits of public-school students before and after the Covid-19
pandemic?

Directions: Look for five (5) different quantitative research titles and classify them as to which quantitative
design they belong.

RESEARCH TITLES QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

DESIGN
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Reflection
Things I Learned This Week:

Things I Found Interesting:

Questions I Still Have:
My Most Enjoyable Experience in the Lessons:
Reminder: PLEASE RETURN THIS LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET ONE WEEK AFTER
RECEIVING THIS.

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 Prepared by:

IMMANUEL Y. CAHIG
T1, VSHS