Mini Project Report on

TOUCHLESS DOORBELL USING ARDUINO UNO

AND MQ3 SENSOR

Submitted by
SHAIK SULAIMAN(20711A04F3)
SOLLETI KESAVA (20711A04F9)
SHAIK NAYAB RASOOL (20711A04E9)
SHAIK AYAZ (20711A04E6)

Under the Guidance of

T. RAJITHAM.TECH

Assistant professor

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

NARAYANA ENGINEERING COLLEGE :: NELLORE

(Autonomous)
Approved by AICTE, NewDelhi & Permanently Affiliated to JNTUA, Anantapuramu, Accredited
with” A” Grade by NAAC)Nellore,SPSRNellore(DT), A.P-524004.

May 2023

i
 NARAYANA ENGINEERING COLLEGE :: NELLORE
(Autonomous)
Approved by AICTE, NewDelhi & Permanently Affiliated to JNTUA, Anantapuramu, Accredited
with” A” Grade by NAAC)Nellore,SPSRNellore(DT), A.P-524004.

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the report entitled “TOUCHLESS DOORBELL USING ARDUINO
UNO AND MQ3 SENSOR” being submitted by SHAIK SULAIMAN(20711A04F3), SOLLETI
KESAVA(20711A04F9), SHAIK RASOOL(20711A04E9), SHAIK AYAZ(20711A04E6) in partial
fulfillment for the award of the Degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electronics &
Communication Engineering Department to the Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University
Ananthapur,Ananthapuram is a record of bonafied work carried out by then under my
guidance and supervision.

T.RAJITHAM.TECH Dr.K.Murali M.Tech,Ph.D

Assistant Professor Head of the

Department

Department of ECE

ii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is our privilege to express our gratitude and respect to all those who guided,
inspired and helped us in the completion of this Project.

It is our humble responsibility to acknowledge our chairman Dr.P.Narayana,

for permitting us to use facilities available in this college to accomplish the Project
completely.

We express our great pleasure to record our deep sense of gratitude and
profound we are grateful to thank our beloved Principal Dr. G. Srinivasulu Reddy, for
providing the facilities to carry out our project work.

We express our deep sense of gratitude to Dr.K.Murali, Head of the department

E.C.E for their help in constructive suggestions made at various levels of the project
work.

It is our humble responsibility to acknowledge our guide T.Rajitha, for his

kind help that he extended at every stage of our work for all provisions made us to
complete this endeavor successfully and we are also thankful to all our staff members
of Electronics and Communication Engineering for their co-operation. Last but not
least, we wish to thank to all our friends, and who helped directly or indirectly in
completion of our Socially relevant Project.

Project Associates

SHAIK SULAIMAN(20711A04F3)

SOLLETI KESAVA(20711A04F9)

SHAIK RASOOL(20711A04E9)

SHAIK AYAZ (20711A04E6)

iii
 Abstract

 Each of us has observed a real doorbell outside of buildings. Although it is

very helpful, the physical doorbell is not the best choice in the current
climate, when risky infections like the corona are rapidly spreading over the
globe.
 It is dangerous for many persons to keep touching the bell switch since the
corona virus spreads by contacting objects that have already come into
contact with an infected person.
 Therefore, corona virus prevention at the entrance (doorbell switch) is
required. Along with social withdrawal, hand sanitization is a useful
preventative measure for the corona virus.
 Therefore, utilising Arduino and a MQ3 Sensor, we created and built a
Corona Protected Automatic touchless Doorbell in our project proposal.

iv
 INDEX

Abstract iv
Contents v
LIST OF FIGURES vi
CHAPTER PAGE NO
1.INTRODUCTION 1
2. ARCHITECTURE FOR PROPOSED MODEL 2
3.1 MQ3 sensor 2
3.2 Relay 3
3.3 Arduino UNO 3-5
3.4 Resistors 6
3.5 IC-ULN2003 6
3.6 Bread Board 7
3.7 Doorbell 7
3.8 Connecting wires 8
3.9 software specification 8-
3.SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
4.1 Working principle
4. SOURCE CODE
5.RESULT AND DISCUSSION
6.CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

V
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2.1 2
Figure 2.2 3
Figure 2.3 3
Figure 2.4 4
Figure 2.5 6
Figure 2.6 6
Figure 2.7 7
Figure 2.8 7
Figure 2.9 9
Figure 2.10 9
Figure 2.11 9
Figure 2.1 2 10
Figure 2.1 3 10
Figure 2.14 11
Figure 2.15 11
Figure 2.16 12
Figure 2.17 12
Figure 2.18 13
Figure 3.1 14
Figure 3.2 15
Figure 5.1 19
Figure 5.2 20
Figure 5.3 20
Figure 5.4 20
Figure 5.5 21
Figure 5.6 21

vi
 CHAPTER -1
INTRODUCTION

Touchless Door Bell with Arduino Uno and MQ3 Sensor

In an era where automation and contactless technologies are gaining increasing importance, the
traditional doorbell system is being transformed into a touchless experience. With the help of
Arduino Uno, a versatile microcontroller, and the MQ3 sensor, a gas detector, a touchless
doorbell system can be created to enhance convenience, safety, and hygiene. This innovative
solution eliminates the need for physical contact with the doorbell button, providing a seamless
and hygienic experience for both homeowners and visitors.

The Touchless Door Bell project combines the power of Arduino Uno, a popular open-source
hardware platform, with the MQ3 sensor, capable of detecting various gases. By harnessing the
potential of these technologies, the project aims to create a user-friendly, contactless doorbell
system that offers a safe and efficient alternative to traditional doorbells.

The Arduino Uno serves as the brain of the system, allowing for the integration of various
components and facilitating communication between them. It is programmed to interpret the
signals received from the MQ3 sensor and trigger the necessary actions, such as activating the
doorbell chime or signaling the homeowner.

The MQ3 sensor, which detects the presence of alcohol vapor, plays a crucial role in the
touchless doorbell system. By placing the sensor strategically near the entrance, it can identify
the alcohol vapors released when a person approaches the door. This innovative approach
eliminates the need for physical contact with the doorbell button, reducing the risk of
transmitting germs and promoting a touch-free experience.

The touchless doorbell system has numerous benefits, including enhanced convenience and
safety. Visitors can effortlessly announce their arrival by simply approaching the door,
eliminating the need to search for the doorbell button or wait for someone to answer.
Additionally, the contactless nature of the system reduces the risk of transmitting germs,
promoting hygiene and providing peace of mind to homeowners and visitors alike.

Throughout this project, we will explore the step-by-step process of building a touchless doorbell using

Arduino Uno and the MQ3 sensor. We will delve into the programming aspects, hardware setup, and

integration of the various components. By the end, readers will have a comprehensive understanding of

how to construct their own touchless doorbell system and have the flexibility to customize it according

to their specific needs.

Fig: Block diagram of Arduino based Solar Panel Electrical Parameters Monitor
 CHAPTER - 2

ARCHITECTURE FOR PROPOSED MODEL

In this project we used different components that are required in solar panel parameters
monitoring using Arduino. These components are easily available in market.

List of components:

 MQ3 sensor
 Relay 5V
 Arduino Uno
 Resistors
 IC ULN2003
 connecting wires
 Bread Board
 Doorbell

2.1 MQ3 Sensor

The MQ3 alcohol sensor is one of the series of MQ gas sensors, which can detect
and monitor the alcohol gas present in the atmosphere. It is capable of detecting 25-
500ppm alcohol gas concentration in the air. This article gives a brief description of the
pin configuration, specifications, and Arduino interfacing of the MQ3 alcohol sensor.
The alternatives of MQ3 alcohol sensors are MQ138 (benzene, hydrogen, alcohol,
propane, toluene, formaldehyde gas), MQ303A (ethanol, smoke, and alcohol),
MQ2(methane, smoke, LPG, butane), MQ214 (methane), MQ5 (natural gas and LPG),
and MQ306A (LPG and butane).
Figure 2.1
 2.2 Relay

Relay is one kind of electro-mechanical component that functions as a switch. The

relay coil is energized by DC so that contact switches can be opened or closed. A single
channel 5V relay module generally includes a coil, and two contacts like normally open
(NO) and normally closed (NC). This article discusses an overview of the 5V relay
module & its working but before going to discuss what is relay module is, first we have
to know what is relay and its pin configuration.

Figure 2.2
2.3Arduino Uno
Arduino Uno is an open-source microcontroller board based on the processor
ATmega328P. There are 14 digital I/O pins, 6 analog inputs, a USB connection, a power
jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains all the necessary modules needed to
support the microcontroller.

Figure 2.3
Arduino Uno features:
2.3.1 More Frequency and number of instructions per cycle.
2.3.2 Built in regulation.

33
 2.3.3 Flexibility and Ease of use.
2.3.4 Configurable pins and Quick start.
2.3.5 Greater Flash memory.
2.3.6 Low voltage Requirement.
2.3.7 Plug and play.
2.3.8 USB interface.
2.3.9 Power alternatives.

Specifications:

2.3.10 Micro controller - ATmega38P- 8 bit microcontroller

2.3.11 Operating Voltage – 5V
2.3.12 Recommended Input Voltage – 7 to 12 V
2.3.13 Input Voltage limits – 6- 20 V
2.3.14 Analog Input pins - 6(A0 to A5)
2.3.15 Digital I/O pins – 14
2.3.16 DC current on I/O pins – 40mA
2.3.17 DC current on 3.3V pin – 50mA
2.3.18 Flash memory – 32KB
2.3.19 SRAM – 2KB
2.3.20 EEPROM – 1KB
2.3.21 Frequency – 16MHz
Pin Configuration:

Figure 2.4

33
 Pin Description:

1. LED - Arduino Uno comes with built-in LED which is connected through pin 13.
Providing HIGH value to the pin will turn it ON. Providing LOW will turn it OFF.
2. Vin - It is the input voltage provided to the Arduino Board. This pin is used to supply
voltage. It is different than 5 V supplied through a USB port. If a voltage is provided
through power jack, it can be accessed through this pin.
3. 5V - This board comes with the ability to provide voltage regulation. 5V pin is used to
provide output regulated voltage. The board is powered up using three ways i.e. USB,
Vin pin of the board or DC power jack. USB supports voltage around 5V while Vin
and Power Jack support a voltage ranges between 7V to 20V.
4. GND - These are ground pins. There are more than one ground pins are provided on
the board. They can be used as per requirement.
5. Reset -This pin is incorporated on the board which resets the program running on the
board. Instead of physical reset on the board, IDE comes with a feature of resetting
the board through programming.
6. IOREF -It is the abbreviation of Input Output Voltage Reference. This pin is very
useful for providing voltage reference to the board. A shield is used to read the
voltage across this pin which then select the proper power source.
7. PWM – Pulse Width Modulation is provided by 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11 pins. These pins are
configured to provide 8-bit output PWM.
8. SPI - It is abbreviation of Serial Peripheral Interface. Four pins 10(SS), 11(MOSI),
12(MISO), 13(SCK) provide SPI communication with the help of SPI library.
9. AREF - It is called Analog Reference. This pin is used for providing a reference
voltage to the analog inputs.
10. TWI - It is called Two-Wire Interface. TWI communication is accessed through Wire
Library. A4 and A5 pins are used for this purpose.
11. Serial Communication - Serial communication is carried out through two pins called
Pin 0 (Rx) and Pin 1 (Tx).
12. Rx. & Tx. - Rx (Receiver) pin is used to receive data while Tx (Transmitter) pin is
used to transmit data.
13. External Interrupts - Pin 2 and 3 are used for providing external interrupts. An
interrupt is called by providing LOW or changing value.

33
 2.4 Resistors

Resistor is a passive electrical component with two terminals that are used for either
limiting or regulating the flow of electric current in electrical circuits.
The main purpose of resistor is to reduce the current flow and to lower the voltage in any
particular portion of the circuit. The resistors used in this are 1k and 3.3k.

Figure 2.5
2.5 IC ULN2003

ULN2003 IC is one of the most commonly used Motor driver

IC generally used when we need to drive high current loads using digital logic circuits
like Op-maps, Timers, Gates, Arduino, PIC, ARM etc. For example a motor that requires
9V and 300mA to run cannot be powered by an Arduino I/O hence we use this IC to
source enough current and voltage for the load.

Figure 2.6
ULN2003 Features

 Contains 7 high-voltage and high current Darlington pairs

 Each pair is rated for 50V and 500mA
 Input pins can be triggered by +5V
 All seven Output pins can be connected to gather to drive loads up to (7×500mA)
~3.5A.
 Can be directly controlled by logic devices like Digital Gates, Arduino, PIC etc
 Available in 16-pin DIP, TSSOP, SOIC packages

7
 2.6 Bread Board
A breadboard is used to make up temporary circuits for testing or to try out
an idea. No soldering is required so it is easy to change connections and replace components.
Parts are not damaged and can be re-used afterwards.

Breadboards have many tiny sockets (called 'holes') arranged on a 0.1" grid.
The leads of most components can be pushed straight into the holes.

Figure 2.7

DOORBELL :

A doorbell is a signaling device typically placed near a door to a building's

entrance. When a visitor presses a button, the bell rings inside the building, alerting
the occupant to the presence of the visitor. Although the first doorbells were
mechanical, activated by pulling a cord connected to a bell, modern doorbells are
electric, operated by a pushbutton switch. Modern doorbells often incorporate
intercoms and miniature video cameras to increase securi

7
USB cable

Cable For Arduino UNO/MEGA is the most common A to B Male/Male

type peripheral USB cable for Arduino. It is compatible with most Arduino
boards such as Arduino Mega, Uno. Connect your Arduino, USB printer,
scanner and more to your computer. Transmits data or program at high speeds
with error-free, high-performance transmission.

Figure 2.9

Software Specifications:
Arduino programming can be used for the Arduino Uno . Arduini programs
are written in the Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE). It is a
special software running on your systems that allows you to write sketches for
different Arduino boards.The Aduino programming language is based on a
very simple hardware programming language like processing, which is similar
to C language.
Steps for set up the Arduino IDE on the system and prepare the board to
receive the program via USB cable.

8
Step 1: First we require the Arduino board and USB cable.
Step 2 : Download Arduino IDE software.

We can get different versions on Arduino official website . By selecting the

software that is compatible to our operating system we can download the software. After file
download unzip the file.

Figure 2.10
Step 3: power up your board
The Arduino Uno automatically draws power from either USB connection to the
computer or an external power supply.Connect the Arduino board the system using the USB
cable .the green LED should glow.
Step 4: Launch Arduino IDE
After Arduino IDE software is downloaded you need to Unzip the folder. Inside the
folder you can find the application with infinity label.Double click to start IDE.

Figure 2.11
Step 5: Open your first project.
We get two options 1) create new project
2) Open an existing project.
9
  To create new project select File -> New
 To open an existing
project Example,
select File -> Examples -> Basics -> Blink

Figure2.12

Figure 2.13
Step 6: Select your Arduino board
To avoid any error while uploading your program to the board, you must select the

correct Arduino board name, which matches with the board connected to your computer.

Go to Tools -> Board and select your Board

10
 Figure 2.14
Step 7: Select your serial port
Select the serial device of the Arduino board. Go to Tools → Serial Port menu. This is
likely to be COM3 or higher (COM1 and COM2 are usually reserved for hardware serial
ports). To find out, you can disconnect your Arduino board and re-open the menu, the entry
that disappears should be of the Arduino board. Reconnect the board and select that serial
port.

12
Figure 2.15

13
Step 8: Upload the program to your board

Figure 2.16
A − Used to check if there is any compilation error.

B − Used to upload a program to the Arduino board.

C − Shortcut used to create a new sketch.

D − Used to directly open one of the example sketch.

E − Used to save your sketch.

F − Serial monitor used to receive serial data from the board and send the serial data to the

board.

14
 CHAPTER -3
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

Connect the MQ3 sensor to the Arduino Uno:

Connect the VCC pin of the MQ3 sensor module to the 5V pin on the Arduino.
Connect the GND pin of the MQ3 sensor module to the GND pin on the Arduino.
Connect the AOUT pin of the MQ3 sensor module to any of the analog input pins on the Arduino (e.g.,
A0).
Connect the buzzer to the Arduino Uno:
Connect the positive (anode) terminal of the buzzer to digital pin 2 on the Arduino.
Connect the negative (cathode) terminal of the buzzer to the GND pin on the Arduino.
Connect the components to the breadboard:
Place the MQ3 sensor module and the buzzer on the breadboard.
Connect the power (VCC and GND) and signal (AOUT) pins of the MQ3 sensor to the appropriate
rows on the breadboard.
Connect the wires from the Arduino to the breadboard to establish the connections.
Write the Arduino code:
Open the Arduino IDE on your computer and create a new sketch.
Write the code to read the analog value from the MQ3 sensor using the `analogRead()` function.
Set a threshold value to determine when the doorbell should ring (e.g., if the alcohol level exceeds a
certain value).
Use the `digitalWrite()` function to turn on the buzzer when the threshold is crossed.
Upload the code to the Arduino Uno board.
Test the touchless doorbell:
Power up the Arduino Uno board.
Move your hand close to the MQ3 sensor to simulate the presence of alcohol.
If the alcohol level crosses the threshold you set in the code, the buzzer should ring.

Figure 3.1
15
 3.1 Working Principle

The touchless doorbell using an Arduino Uno and an MQ3 sensor operates based on the principle of
detecting alcohol vapor in the vicinity. The MQ3 sensor is an alcohol gas sensor module that can sense the
presence of alcohol molecules in the air.

The MQ3 sensor module consists of a small heating element and a sensor element. When the sensor
is powered on, the heating element raises the temperature of the sensor element. As alcohol vapor comes
into contact with the sensor element, it undergoes a chemical reaction that causes the sensor's resistance to
change. The resistance change is proportional to the concentration of alcohol vapor present.

The Arduino Uno is capable of reading analog voltages through its analog input pins. In this setup,
the AOUT pin of the MQ3 sensor module is connected to one of the analog input pins (e.g., A0) on the
Arduino. The analogRead() function is used to read the voltage level from the sensor, which corresponds to
the resistance change caused by the presence of alcohol vapor.

In the Arduino code, a threshold value is set to determine when the doorbell should ring. This
threshold value is a reference point to compare the analog voltage readings from the sensor. If the analog
voltage reading exceeds the threshold value, it indicates that the alcohol level is above a certain limit.

Once the threshold is crossed, the Arduino triggers the buzzer to produce a sound. This is achieved
by using the digitalWrite() function to turn on the digital pin (e.g., pin 2) connected to the buzzer. The
buzzer will remain activated until the alcohol level drops below the threshold value.

The activation of the buzzer serves as a notification to indicate the presence of alcohol vapor, acting
as a touchless doorbell. This can be useful in situations where traditional doorbell mechanisms may not be
suitable or when touchless interaction is desired.

Figure 3.2

16
 CHAPTER-4

SOURCE CODE

Arduino programs are written in the Arduino Integrated Development Environment

(IDE). Arduino IDE is a special software running on your system that allows you to write
sketches (synonym for program in Arduino language) for different Arduino boards. The
Arduino programming language is based on a very simple hardware programming language
called processing, which is similar to the C language.

This programming contains mainly two functions setup() and loop() . setup() function
is used to initialize the pin modes and starts serial communication. loop() function is used to
execute a set of statements repeatedly.

Code:
#define MQ3 A0
#define Thresold 420
int value;
void setup() {
pinMode(MQ3, INPUT);
pinMode(8, OUTPUT);
pinMode(9, OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop () {
value = analogRead(MQ3);

Serial.println(value);

if ( value > Thresold )

digitalWrite ( 8 , HIGH );

digitalWrite ( 9 , HIGH );

else {

digitalWrite(8, LOW);

digitalWrite(9, LOW);
}

delay (500); }

17
 CHAPTER – 5
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The touchless doorbell using an Arduino Uno and an MQ3 sensor provides a basic
implementation of a touchless detection system based on alcohol vapor sensing. The
results and discussions of this setup can revolve around its functionality, limitations, and
potential improvements.

In terms of functionality, the touchless doorbell demonstrates the ability to detect

the presence of alcohol vapor in the vicinity and trigger an alert in the form of a buzzer
sound. When alcohol vapor crosses the set threshold value, the MQ3 sensor detects it,
and the Arduino activates the buzzer, providing a touchless notification without the need
for physical contact. This can be useful in situations where hygiene or convenience is
important, such as in public places or during the COVID-19 pandemic.

However, there are certain limitations to consider. Firstly, the MQ3 sensor is
primarily designed to detect alcohol vapor and may not be suitable for detecting other
substances. Its sensitivity and accuracy might vary depending on environmental
conditions and the specific type of alcohol present. Additionally, the MQ3 sensor's
response time and recovery time may not be instantaneous, introducing potential delays
in detecting and notifying the presence of alcohol vapor.

Moreover, the MQ3 sensor's sensitivity and detection range might not be ideal for
all scenarios. It may produce false positives or false negatives due to factors such as
varying alcohol concentrations or interference from other substances. Consequently, it is
crucial to consider calibration and validation processes to ensure accurate and reliable
detection.

To improve the touchless doorbell system, alternative sensor options can be

explored. Proximity sensors or infrared sensors can offer more precise and versatile
touchless detection capabilities without relying on specific gas sensing. Additionally,
integrating machine learning algorithms or pattern recognition techniques could enhance
the system's ability to differentiate between different types of presence (e.g.,
distinguishing alcohol vapor from other common odors).

Furthermore, considering the power consumption and overall cost, it may be

beneficial to explore energy-efficient components and optimize the system design for
better performance.

In summary, while the touchless doorbell using an Arduino Uno and an MQ3
sensor provides a basic touchless detection solution, it has certain limitations regarding
specificity, sensitivity, and response time. Expanding the system with alternative sensors
18
and implementing advanced algorithms can lead to improved accuracy and reliability,
making it more suitable for practical applications.

Figure 5

19
 CHAPTER – 6

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

CONCLUSION :

Using an Arduino Uno and a MQ3 sensor, a touchless doorbell gives a basic
implementation of a touchless detection system. The device can identify the presence of
alcohol and sound a buzzer alert without physical touch by using the MQ3 sensor's
capacity to detect alcohol vapour. The design has restrictions in terms of precision,
sensitivity, and response time, but it does a good job of illustrating the idea of touchless
interaction. Alternative sensor research, the use of sophisticated algorithms, and taking
into account aspects like cost and power usage can all lead to further advancements.
Overall, the touchless doorbell can be improved for more precise and dependable
functionality and serves as a foundation for touchless detecting applications.

FUTURE SCOPE:

Future applications in other fields are possible for the touchless doorbell that
employs an Arduino Uno and a MQ3 sensor. Here are a few examples of possible uses:
1. Public Spaces: The touchless doorbell may be used in public locations such as
workplaces, medical facilities, or retail stores. By not requiring physical touch to alert
employees or visitors to their presence, it can help prevent the spread of diseases or
viruses.
2. Smart Homes: The touchless doorbell can be seamlessly automated and controlled by
technologies that are integrated into smart homes. When alcohol vapour is found close to
the entrance, it can be employed as a component of an integrated home security system,
resulting in warnings or notifications.
3. Automotive Industry: To detect alcohol vapour inside cars, touchless doorbell
technology can be incorporated. This might be a safety feature that warns the driver if
someone enters the car after drinking, encouraging cautious driving.

20