Chapter-4

Domain Specific IoT

Prepared By,
HANUMANTHARAJU R
Assistant Professor
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology,
Bengaluru-560054

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 Overview

 Introduction
 Home Automation
 Smart Cities
 Environment
 Retail
 Logistics
 Agriculture
 Health and Lifestyle

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 Introduction
 The Internet of Things (IoT) applications span a wide range of
applications including homes, cities, environment, energy systems, retail,
logistics, industry, agriculture and health. This chapter provides an
overview of various types of IoT applications for each of these domains.

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 Home Automation
 IoT Applications for Smart home includes
 Smart Lighting
 Smart Appliances
 Intrusion detection
 Smoke detectors

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 Home Automation
 Smart Lighting
 Smart Lightning for homes helps in saving energy
 smart lighting includes LED lights and IP enabled lights.
 Wireless enabled and Internet connected lights can be controlled
remotely from IoT applications such as a mobile or web application.
 Smart lights with sensors for occupancy, temperature, etc.., can be
configured to adapt the lighting based on the ambient conditions
sensed in order to provide a good ambience.

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 Home Automation
 Smart Appliances
 Modern homes have a number of appliances such as TVs, refrigerators,
music systems etc.
 Smart thermostats allow controlling the temperature remotely and can learn
the user preferences.
 Smart refrigerators can keep track of the items stored and send updates to
the users when an item is low on stock.
 Smart TVs allows users to search and stream videos and movies from the
Internet on a local storage drive, search TV channel schedules and fetch
news, weather updates and other content from the Internet.

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 Home Automation
 Intrusion Detection
 Home Intrusion detection system uses a security cameras and sensors such
as PIR sensors and door sensors to detect intrusions and raise alerts.
 Alerts can be in the form of an SMS or an email sent to the user.
 Advanced systems can even send detailed alerts such as an image grab or a
short video clip sent as an email attachment.
 A cloud controlled intrusion detection system uses location aware services,
where the geo location of each node of a home automation system is
independently detected and stored in the cloud.

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 Home Automation
 Smoke Detectors
 Smoke detectors are installed in homes and buildings to detect smoke that is
typically an early sign of fire.
 Smoke detectors use optical detection, ionization or sampling techniques to
detect smoke.
 Alerts raised by smoke detectors can be in the form of signals to a fire alarm
system.
 Gas detectors can detect the presence of harmful gases such as carbon
monoxide (CO), liquid petroleum is and send an SMS or email to the user or
the local fire safety department and provide feedback on its status.

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 Smart Cities
 IoT Applications for Smart cities includes
 Smart Parking
 Smart Lighting
 Smart Roads

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 Smart Cities
 Smart Parking
 Smart parking make the search for parking space easier and convenient for
drivers.
 Smart parking are powered by IoT systems that detect the number of
empty parking slots and send the information over the internet
 These applications can be accessed by the drivers from smart phones,
tablets and in car navigation systems.
 In smart parking, sensors are used for each parking slot, to detect whether
the slot is empty or occupied. This information is aggregated by a local
controller and then sent over the internet to the database.

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 Smart Cities
 Smart Lighting
 Smart lighting allows lighting to be dynamically controlled and also
adaptive to the ambient conditions.
 Smart lights connected to the internet can be controlled remotely to
configure lighting schedules and lighting intensity.
 Custom lighting configurations can be set for different situations such as
foggy day, a festival etc. smart lights equipped with sensors can
communicate with other lights and exchange information on the sensed
ambient conditions to adapt the lighting.

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 Smart Cities
 Smart Roads
 Smart roads equipped with sensors can provide information on driving
conditions, travel time estimates and alerts in case of poor driving
conditions, traffic congestions and accidents.
 Such information can help in making the roads safer and help in making
the roads safer and help in reducing traffic jams. Information sensed from
the roads can be communicated via the Internet to cloud based applications
and social media and disseminated to the drivers who subscribe to such
applications.

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 Environment
 IoT Applications for Environment includes
 Weather monitoring
 Air pollution Monitoring
 Forest Fire Detection

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 Environment
 Weather monitoring
 Weather monitoring systems can collect data from a number of sensor
attached such as temperature, pressure etc.., and send the data to cloud
based applications and storage back ends.
 The data collected in the cloud can then be analyzed and visualized by
cloud based applications. Weather alerts can be sent to the subscribed users
from such applications.

 Air Pollution Monitoring

 IoT based air pollution monitoring systems can monitor emission of
harmful gases ( CO2, CO, NO, NO2 etc) by factories and automobiles
using gaseous and meteorological sensors.
 A real time air quality monitoring system can comprise of several
distributed monitoring stations that communicate via wireless with a back
end server using machine to machine communication.

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 Environment
 Forest fire Detection
 Forest fires can cause damage to natural resources, properly and human life.
There can be different cause of forest fires including lightening, human
negligence, volcanic eruptions and sparks from rock fails.
 Early detection of forest fires can help in minimizing the damage. IoT based
forest fire detection systems use a number of monitoring nodes deployed at
different locations in forest. Each monitoring node collects measurements on
ambient conditions including temperature, humidity, light levels etc.

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 Retail
 IoT Applications for Retail includes
 Inventory Management
 Smart Payments
 Smart Vending machine

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 Retail
 Inventory Management
 Inventory management for retail has become increasingly important
 over stocking of products can result in additional storage expenses and risk,
under stocking can lead to loss of revenue.
 IoT systems using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags can help in
inventory management and maintaining the right inventory levels.
 RFID tags attached t the products allow them to be tracked in real time so
that the inventory levels can be determined accurately and products which
are low on stock can be replenished.

 Smart Payments
 Smart payment solutions such as contact less payments powered by
technologies such as Near field communication (NFC) and Bluetooth. Near
field communication (NFC) is a set of standards for smart phones and other
devices to communicate with each other by bringing the smart phones near
the point of sale terminals, these can be used in combination with
Bluetooth.

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 Retail
 Smart Vending machine
 Smart vending machines connected to the Internet allow remote monitoring of
inventory levels, elastic pricing of products, promotions, and contact less
payments using NFC.
 Smart phone applications that communicate with smart vending machines
allow user preferences to be remembered and learned with time.
 When a user moves from one vending machine to the other and pairs the
smart phone the vending machine, a user specific interface is presented.
 Users can save their preferences and favorite products. Sensors in a smart
vending machine monitor its operations and send data to the cloud which can
be used for predictive maintenance.

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 Logistics
 IoT Applications for Logistics includes
 Route Generation and scheduling
 Shipment Monitoring
 Remote Vehicle diagnostics

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 Logistics
 Route Generation and scheduling
 Modern transportation systems are driven by data collected from multiple
sources.
 By collecting large amount of data from various sources and processing the
data into useful information
 Data driven transportation systems can provide new services such as
advanced route guidance, dynamic vehicle routing
 Route generation and scheduling systems can generate end to end routes.

 Shipment Monitoring
 Shipment monitoring solutions for transportation systems allow monitoring
the conditions inside containers.
 For example, containers carrying fresh food produce can be monitored to
prevent spoilage of food.
 IoT based shipment monitoring systems use sensors such as temperature,
pressure, humidity, for instance, to monitor the conditions inside the
containers and send the data to the cloud, where it can be analyzed to detect
food spoilage.
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 Logistics
 Remote Vehicle diagnostics
 Remote vehicle diagnostics systems can detect faults in the vehicles or
warn of impending faults.
 These diagnostic systems use on board IoT devices for collecting data on
vehicle operation and status of various vehicle sub systems.
 Such data can be captured by integrating on-board diagnostic systems
with IoT devices using protocols such as CAN bus.
 Modern commercial vehicles support on-board diagnostic (OBD)
standards such as OBD-II.
 OBD systems provide real time data on the status of vehicle sub systems
and diagnostic trouble codes which allow rapidly identifying the faults in
the vehicle.
 IoT based vehicle diagnostic systems can send the vehicle data to
centralized servers or the cloud where it can be analyzed to generate alerts
and suggest remedial actions.

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 Agriculture
 IoT Applications for Agriculture includes
 Smart irrigation
 Green House Control

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 Agriculture
 Smart irrigation
 Smart irrigation systems can improve crop yields while saving water.
 Smart irrigation systems use IoT devices with soil moisture sensors to
determine the amount of moisture in the soil and release the flow of water
through the irrigation pipes only when the moisture levels go below a
predefined threshold.
 Smart irrigation systems also collect moisture level measurements on a
server or in the cloud where the collected data can be analyzed to plan
watering schedules.

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 Agriculture
 Green House Control
 Green houses are structures with glass or plastic roofs that provide
conductive environment for growth of plants.
 The climatological conditions inside a green house can be monitored and
controlled to provide the best conditions for growth of plants.
 The temperature, humidity, soil moisture, light and carbon dioxide levels
are monitored using sensors and the climatological conditions are
controlled automatically using actuation devices.
 IoT systems play an important role in green house control and help in
improving productivity.
 The data collected from various sensors is stored on centralized servers or
in the cloud where analysis is performed to optimize the control strategies
and also correlate the productivity with different control strategies.

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 Health and Lifestyle
 IoT Applications for Health and Lifestyle includes
 Health and Fitness Monitoring
 Wearable Electronics

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 Health and Lifestyle
 Health and Fitness Monitoring
 Wearable IoT devices that allow non-invasive and continuous monitoring
of physiological parameters can help in continuous health and fitness
monitoring.
 The wearable devices form a type of wireless sensor networks called body
area networks in which the measurements from a number of wearable
devices are continuous sent to a master node such as smart phone which
then sends the data to a server or a cloud based back end for analysis and
archiving.
 Health care providers can analyze the collected health care data to
determine any health conditions or anomalies. Commonly uses body
sensors include body temperature, heart rate, pulse oximeter oxygen
saturation
Dept. of CS&E,(SPo2),
MSRITblood pressure, electrocardiogram (ECG).
 Health and Lifestyle
 Wearable Electronics
 Wearable electronics such as wearable gadgets smart watches, smart
glasses, wristbands etc and fashion electronics with electronics integrated
in clothing and accessories provide various functions and features to assist
us in daily activities and making us lead healthy lifestyles.
 Smart watches that run mobile operating systems provide enhanced
functionality beyond just timekeeping.
 With smart watches, the users can search the internet, play audio/video
files, make calls and use various kinds of mobile applications.
 Smart glasses allows users to take photos and record videos, get map
directions, check flight status and search Internet using Voice commands.

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Summary

 For homes, IoT has several applications such as smart lighting that
adapt the lighting to suit the ambient conditions, smart appliances that
can be remotely monitored and controlled and smart smoke detectors.
 For cities, applications of IoT include smart parking systems that
provide status updates on available slots.
 For environment, you learned about IoT applications including weather
monitoring, air pollution and forest fire detection.
 For retail domain, you learned about IoT applications such as inventory
management, smart payments and smart vending machines.
 For agriculture domain, you learned about smart irrigation systems that
help in saving water while enhancing productivity and green house
control systems.
 For health applications generate much value to the end users and also
provide new revenue opportunities to service and systems providers
when integrated to rating, billing and financial applications.

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Self Test Questions

 What are Smart thermostats?

 List some of the Smart Alliances solutions which can be used in
Home Automation?
 What are the main constitutes in order to have Air pollution
monitoring?
 What Smart Solutions can be defined in retail management?
 How IoT can help in Green House control?
 What Smart Solutions can be defined in Health and Lifestyle?

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Review Questions

 Determine the IoT levels for designing home automation IoT

systems including smart lighting and intrusion detection.
 Determine the various communication models that can be used
for weather monitoring system. Which is a more appropriate
model for this system? Describe the Pros and Cons.
 Determine the types of data generated by a forest fire detection
system? Describe alternative approaches for storing the data.
What type of analysis is required for forest fire detection from
the data collected?
 Determine the IoT levels for designing structural health
monitoring system.

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Glossary
 LED: Light emitting diode
 OBD: On board diagnostic
 RFID: Radio Frequency Identification
 NFC: Near Field communication

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