American International University- Bangladesh (AIUB)

Faculty of Engineering (EEE)

Microprocessor
Course Name : and Embedded system Course Code :

Semester : Summer 24-25 Sec :A

Lab Instructor : Md Sajid Hossain

Experiment No : 01
Familiarization with a microcontroller, the study of blink test and
Experiment Name :
implementation of a traffic control system using microcontrollers.

Submitted by (NAME): Mahabub Islam Student ID: 23-50725-1

Group Members ID Name

1. Mahabub Islam 23-50725-1
2. Ashraful Hossain 23-50722-1
3. Kazi Umma Jannat 23-50465-1
4. Sabbir Hossain 22-46104-1
5. Obaidul Hasan Shakib 22-46143-1
6.
7.

Performance Date : 16-07-25 Due Date : 22-07-25

Marking Rubrics (to be filled by Lab Instructor)

Proficient Good Acceptable Secured
Category Unacceptable [1]
[6] [4] [2] Marks
All information, All Information Most information
Theoretical Much information
measures and variables provided that is correct, but some
Background, Methods missing and/or
are provided and sufficient, but more information may be
& procedures sections inaccurate.
explained. explanation is needed. missing or inaccurate.
Experimental results
All of the criteria are Most criteria are met,
don’t match exactly Experimental results
met; results are but there may be some
Results with the theoretical are missing or
described clearly and lack of clarity and/or
values and/or analysis incorrect;
accurately; incorrect information.
is unclear.
Demonstrates thorough Hypotheses are clearly
Conclusions don’t
and sophisticated stated, but some Some hypotheses
match hypotheses, not
understanding. concluding statements missing or misstated;
Discussion supported by data; no
Conclusions drawn are not supported by data conclusions not
integration of data from
appropriate for or data not well supported by data.
different sources.
analyses; integrated.
Title page, placement
of figures and figure
Minor errors in Major errors and/or
General formatting captions, and other Not proper style in text.
formatting. missing information.
formatting issues all
correct.
Writing is strong and
Writing is clear and
easy to understand;
easy to understand; Most of the required
ideas are fully
ideas are connected; criteria are met, but
elaborated and
Writing & effective transitions some lack of clarity, Very unclear, many
connected; effective
organization between sentences; typographic, spelling, errors.
transitions between
minor typographic, or grammatical errors
sentences; no
spelling, or are present.
typographic, spelling,
grammatical errors.
or grammatical errors.

Total Marks
Comments:
(Out of ):
Title:
Familiarization with a microcontroller, the study of blink test and implementation of a traffic control system
using microcontrollers.

Abstract:

This lab focused on gaining hands-on experience with microcontrollers by conducting fundamental
experiments and implementing a real-world application. The first phase involved familiarization with a
microcontroller's hardware components, pin configurations, and programming environment. A basic blink
test was performed to verify the setup and programming workflow, allowing us to control an LED using
digital output signals. In the second phase, a simple traffic control system was designed and implemented
using the microcontroller. This system simulated the operation of traffic lights at an intersection,
incorporating timing logic to manage the sequence of red, yellow, and green lights. The lab emphasized key
concepts such as GPIO control, delay functions, and loop structures in embedded programming. Overall, the
experiment provided a foundational understanding of microcontroller operation and its application in
embedded control systems

Introduction:

The main objective of this experiment was to get familiarized with microcontrollers through hands-on
implementation using the Arduino platform. In doing so, the following tasks were performed:
a) To make an LED blink using Arduino and its built-in delay function.
b) To implement a basic traffic control system using Arduino, LEDs, and appropriate delay timing logic.
c) To observe how digital signals can control physical components in real-time embedded systems.
d) To understand the logic and structure of Arduino programming in controlling sequences.
It was hypothesized that by correctly programming the Arduino and wiring the components, both the LED
blink test and the traffic control simulation would function as expected, demonstrating the effectiveness of
microcontrollers in simple automation systems.

Theory and Methodology:

Arduino is an open-source electronics platform that combines a programmable microcontroller (such as the
ATmega328P on Arduino Uno) with an easy-to-use Integrated Development Environment (IDE). The
Arduino IDE uses a simplified version of C++ and allows code to be uploaded via USB, eliminating the
need for separate hardware programmers.

Arduino can control devices like LEDs through its digital I/O pins using functions such as digitalWrite() for
output control and delay(ms) to introduce time intervals. These basic functions enable tasks like blinking an
LED or simulating a traffic light sequence.

Equation 1: Total Delay Time

Total Delay Time=n×td

Where n is the number of cycles and td is the delay in milliseconds.

This theory underpins the LED blink test and traffic control system implemented in this experiment.

Experiment 1: Page - 2
Apparatus:

1) Arduino IDE (any version)

2) Arduino Uno (R3) board or Arduino mega 2560 board

3) LED lights (RED, GREEN, and YELLOW) and three 200 ohms resistors and jumper wires

Precautions:

 Disconnect power before wiring to avoid short circuits.

 Use resistors with LEDs to prevent damage.

 Ensure correct polarity of components.

 Do not exceed current limits on Arduino pins.

 Make secure, tight connections on the breadboard.

 Avoid handling components with wet hands.

 Discharge static electricity before touching the board.

 Verify code before uploading to prevent malfunctions.

 Keep the workspace clean and organized

Experimental Procedure:

Traffic Control System

1. Gather Additional Materials: Use three LEDs (red, yellow, green), three 220Ω resistors, and
additional jumper wires.

2. Connect LEDs for Traffic Light Simulation:

o Place the three LEDs (Red, Yellow, Green) on the breadboard.
o Connect 220Ω resistors in series with each anode.
o Connect the resistors to digital pins 2 (Red), 3 (Yellow), and 4 (Green).
o Connect all cathodes to GND on the Arduino.

3. Write or Load the Traffic Light Code:

void setup() {

pinMode(11, OUTPUT); // Red

pinMode(12, OUTPUT); // Yellow

Experiment 1: Page - 3
 pinMode(13, OUTPUT); // Green

void loop() {

digitalWrite(11, HIGH);

delay(3000);

digitalWrite(11, LOW);

digitalWrite(12, HIGH);

delay(2000);

digitalWrite(12, LOW);

for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {

digitalWrite(12, HIGH);

delay(500);

digitalWrite(12, LOW);

delay(500);

digitalWrite(13, HIGH);

delay(3000);

digitalWrite(13, LOW);

4. Verify and Upload: Upload the code and observe the LED sequence simulating a basic traffic light
system.

5. Test and Document: Watch the LEDs turn on/off in the expected red-yellow-green pattern. Adjust
delays if needed for timing changes.

Experiment 1: Page - 4
Simulation and Measurement:

For Red :

Practical : Simulation:

For Yellow :

Practical: Simulation:

For Green :

Practical: Simulation:

Experiment 1: Page - 5
Discussion:

The experiment demonstrated basic microcontroller operation using Arduino. The LED blink test confirmed
that digital pins and simple code can control external devices. The traffic light system showed how timed
LED sequences simulate real-world automation using delay() and digitalWrite(). Proper wiring and pin
assignments were critical for correct function. Proteus simulation helped verify the design before hardware
implementation. Overall, this lab provided fundamental skills in embedded programming and control
systems.

Conclusions:

The experiment successfully familiarized us with the Arduino microcontroller and its programming
environment. We demonstrated the ability to control LEDs using digital output pins and timing functions.
The blink test confirmed proper setup and coding skills, while the traffic light system simulated real-world
control using sequential LED operations. The use of Proteus simulation reinforced understanding by
allowing virtual testing before physical implementation. This lab laid a strong foundation for future
embedded system projects involving timing and automation.

Reference(s):

[1] Arduino Official Website, [Online: 2024], [Cited: July 22, 2025], Available: https://www.arduino.cc/

[2] H. M. Ibrahim, "Getting Started with Arduino: A Beginner’s Guide," International Journal of Advanced
Computer Science and Applications (IJACSA), vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 45–51, Jan. 2018. DOI:
10.14569/IJACSA.2018.090106

[3] "ATmega328P Datasheet," Microchip Technology Inc., 2022. [Online]. Available:

https://www.microchip.com/en-us/product/ATmega328P

[4] N. S. Ali and M. U. Khan, "Design and Simulation of Intelligent Traffic Light System Based on Arduino
and Proteus," in Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. on Robotics and Automation Engineering (ICRAE), 2020, pp. 110–115.
DOI: 10.1109/ICRAE50950.2020.9310072

[5] Proteus Design Suite – Labcenter Electronics, [Online: 2023], [Cited: July 22, 2025], Available:
https://www.labcenter.com

Experiment 1: Page - 6