Holiday homework

Communication skills
 Ch-1

Methods of communication
Introduction

We already know that communication means in this session we will discuss communication again in formal
way

l. Communication processes and elements

i) A communication process is the one where a message or idea originates at the end of the person sending it
and travels to the receiver via communication channel

ii) the receiver decodes the received message and tells if he understood the message
 ll. Elements of communication

a) Sender: a sender is the person who wants to share their ideas or feeling in the form of a
message
b) ideas/messages: the ideas is to be shared form the message. A message can be in the form of
verbal cues (such as speech) or non verbal cues (such as altitude,voice tone,body-language
etc).
c) Encoding: it is the process of converting the ideas into message by using
words,symbols,voice tone or gesture
d) Communication channel: this refers to the medium in which the message is carried to the
other person
e) Receiver: a receiver is the person to whom the message is intended and who receives the
message
f) Decoding: it is the processing of interpret the received message to get to the idea shared by
sender
g) Feedback: it is the cue by the receiver which tells the sender that the message is conveyed
or understood by the receiver
lll. Methods of communication

1. Face to face communication: a communication in which two persons are physically

available at a particular place, in front of each other is called face to face communication\
2. letters/e-mails: the message is delivered in a specific written structure, this is the most
flexible and low cost and convenient method
3. Meetings and seminars: this is a method of communication wherein discussion among a
group of people with similar interest is to be carried out
4. print/analog/media: this method includes conveying information using social media or
through news papers
 lV. Types of communications

There are different types of communication

1. Verbal form: communicating orally

2. Non-verbal form: communicating using body language, gesture ot tone
3. Written form: communicating via handwritten or printed information
4. Visual form: communicating via pictures, logos, posters, maps or charts
 V. pros and cons of various types of communication

1. Pros & cons of verbal communication

Pros

i) it is straightforward to express the feeling

ii) the communication interactive and interpersonal

iii) it is speedy form of communication, there are no connection issue because mostly the sender

iv) you get instant feedback

Cons

i) it is not possible to communicate to people in different setup

ii) it requires proximity

iii) there are no permanent records for oral conversation

iv) there are emotional barriers

Cons

i) it is not possible to communicate to people in different setup

ii) it requires proximity

iii) there are no permanent records for oral conversation

iv) there are emotional barriers

Vl. pros and cons of non-verbal communication

Pros

i) non-verbal communication makes demonstration very useful using non verbal cues

ii) non verbal communication easily conveys where verbal is unable to reach

iii) there is no issues of language barrier

iv) the non verbal form of communication conveys message very fast

cons

i) it is not suitable for lengthy message

(ii) non verbal communication have higher chances of misinterpretation

(iii) there is a difference b/w sender and receiver on the basis of culture or religion which can
cause misunderstanding because of the hand gestures or other non verbal cues

Vll. pros and cons of visual communication

Pros

(i) it reinforces other forms of communication

(ii) it can explain things in the way which are not possible through words

(iii) it clears the barrier of qualification or language

Cons

(i) it is comparatively expensive

(ii) require specialised storing for visual aids, posters and charts

(iii) it is very time consuming than the other forms of communications

 Vlll. pros and cons of written communication

Pros

(i) the written communication can be stored or recorded permanently for later use

(ii) written communication is more accountable and stand as a legal holding

(iii) mass circulation can be possible for written communication

Cons

(i) it is time consuming and takes time to write

(ii) it creates a barrier of qualification/language

lX. Impact of body language

You have read in your earlier class about 93% takes place without words and out of 93%, about
55% contribution is of body language this fact makes that body language the most important
aspect of our personality and how our image is formed among people
Ch-2

Feedback in communication

Introduction

You have read in earlier that feedback is an essential component of every successful communication.
Feedback completes a two way communication. Feedback ensures the successful delivery of a message.
In this session we shall talk about the importance of feedback in communication and the types of
feedback

l. Meaning and importance of feedback

Feedback is very important communication as it ensures the message has successfully conveyed and the
communication is effectively successful

In a two-way communication the receiver receives the message and tell the receiver that message is
conveyed in the form of feedback
 ll. Forms of feedback

● A smile or nod can be a form of feedback in interactive in person communication

● Similarly, a question or clarification or reiteration can also be a type of feedback
● A thank you note or an acknowledgement note can be a type of feedback in written or
digital communication

lll. Characteristics of feedback

(i) intentions: the intentions of the feedback is to tell if the message is not received correctly it's
the way to report this to sender

(ii) specific : the feedback should be conveyed with clarity

(iii) timeliness: effective feedback is one of that intimates the sender about the message in time
lV. Types of feedback

Formal and informal feedback

A formal feedback follows a preset format or structure using which the receiver frames
feedback and sends it. Formal feedback covers many predefined points and has a specific
blueprint.

Informal feedback is spontaneously framed and does not stick to a specific structures
such as instant comments by the listener or audience. It does not take time to construct as
it is instantly conveyed

Descriptive and non-descriptive feedback

A non-descriptive feedback provides some specific information but does not give detailed
descriptions. The feedback conveys meaningful specific response but does not come with
descriptive analysis or suggestion

A descriptive feedback on the contrary provides meaningful information in a detailed

expressive manner that also contains some analysis or suggestion etc.
 Specific feedback and non specific feedback

Specific feedback talks about a thing or a point particularly without talking about a
general overview

On the other hand non-specific feedback talks about the entire thing while giving a
general overview
 Ch-3

Effective communication
Introduction

Effective communication is a two way process where both parties have rights and
convinces to express their message, opinions, facts and other information and so forth.
Effective communication follows some rule and principles also there are some barriers to
effective communication, let us talk about these

l. Principles of effective communication

(i) clarity: the message being conveyed should always be in easily understandable
language

(ii) attention: the receiver should be fully attentive in a communication process

(iii) consistency: this principle implies that communication should always be consistent with the
planned objective of message being conveyed.

(iv) adequacy: the information being communicated should be adequate and complete in all
respect.

(v) timeliness: the message must be conveyed at the proper time.

(vi) feedback: the communication must have feedback confirmation from the recipient weather
the message have been understand by recipient

(vii) economy: the communication should take place in a way that coast optimally

ll. 7 C's of effective communication

The communicator or the senders bears the primary responsibility of effective communication,
hence a sender must follow some rules for creating messages, known as 7C’s of communication
Here are the 7 C's of effective communication:
lll. Barriers in communication

There are several factors or barriers which are responsible for the way people view our message

(i) linguistic barriers: language can be a barrier to effective communication

(ii) physical barrier: if you surroundings can also act as a barrier to appropriate interaction you
would not be able to understand what the other person is trying to tell you

(iii) cultural barrier: sometimes, our cultural differences can also act as a barrier

(iv) interpersonal barrier: it refers to the situation when the intended message is received
incorrectly because of many personal reason for ex:- prejudice, feeling and attitude of superior

lV. Measure to overcome barriers of communication

Let us now discuss how to overcome different barriers of communication

(i) overcoming linguistic barriers: to overcome this barrier you should first carefully think about
the language needs of your receiver then you also use visual aids for conveying your message
(ii) overcoming physical factors: to overcome the barriers, you should ensure that the message
should be delivered the message in a distraction-free environment

(iii) overcoming barrier of cultural influence: to overcome this barrier you should know about
the culture of the people you are addressing , what things may be misunderstood or what things
are offensive in their culture

(iv) overcoming interpersonal barriers of communication: to overcome these barriers one

should use some tips such as:- using simple words to convey, have good listening ability, provide
constructive criticism

V. Why effective communication is important

effective communication is a very important skills it ensure that the exact message is
transferred with clarity and right intent in fact effective communication is essential for success
Ch-4

Basic writing-1 (part of speech)

Introduction

You have learnt about the basic parts of speech in your previous classes, here we shall first
quickly revise them and then discuss two more things, which are important while writing
sentence

l. Parts of speech

You have already know that different types of words combined in some form, to form a sentence
are called parts of speech
There are following parts of speech:

(i) noun: a word for a person, place or things ex:- rema, chennai, box

(ii) pronoun: a word that stand in for a noun ex:- he, she, I, we

(iii) verb: a doing word ex:-cried, jumpers, is, was

(iv) adjective: a word that describes a noun or pronoun

(v) article: a word that introduces a noun ex:- a box, the taj mahal

(vi) adverb: a word that describes an adjective, adverb or verb

(vii) preposition: a word that shows the position in time or space

(viii) conjunction: a word that connects two sentences together (sometime called a connective)

(ix) interjection: an outburst or word people say when they are playing for time

lll. Capitalism and punctuation

Once you create a grammatically correct sentence using different parts of speech it is important
to write sentences in a way so that it conveys the message clearly. Capitalism and punctuation
are important while writing sentences as they help readers understand and interpret the
message
Capitalisation

Capitalization means converting the first letter in a word in an uppercase letter. Not only the
beginning of the sentence capitalisation is used for many things such as:- noun, historical events
etc.
Ch-5

Basic writing skills-2 (sentences)

l. introduction

You have been through the basic introduction of communication skills, it's components,
it's important, it's types and so on. You have also read in your previous classes about
how to form and basic sentences.And punctuation rules and talking about basic things
in English. In this session we should talk further about communicating in English, but
this time we shall talk about written English.
ll. Sentence construction
Recall that a sentence is a group of words that are complete, meaningful, and together
make sense and convey specific meaning, fact, message, information, etc.
Sheena works in office.
● Recall that a sentence always has a subject and.Above example In the above
example sentence the subjective Sheena and the verb is work
● in the office is not a sentence because it is not complete as it is not convincing
enough information which in the office you still need to know who subject did
what verb
● .Punctuation wise a sentence most given with a capital letter and end with any of
these punctuation signs like full stop, question mark or exclamation mark.
lll. Phrases
A sentence is a group of words that form a complete unit-complete in structure as well
as in meaning. A phrase on the other hand is also a group of words that have some
senses and also acts as a part of the speech but is not structurally complete and does
not convey the full meaning
 lV. Types of distance

You have read that there can be simple sentences, compound sentences and complex
sentences these are types of sentence when we look at the sentence structure that
means sentences structure wise the sentences can be simple, compound or complex
sentence

There are four kinds of kinds of sentence: decelerative, interrogative, imperative,

exclamatory sentence

(i) the declarative sentence

A declarative sentence makes a statement and ends with a period. Also known as an
assertive sentence

(ii) interrogative sentence

A sentence that asks a direct question is an interrogative sentence an interrogative

sentence:
 ● Either begins with an interrogative word such as what/when/why/where/whom, how or
with a to be verb such as do/does/is ,am, are.
● And always ends with a question mark (?)

( iii) imperative sentence

The sentence that expresses a command, instruction, prohibition, request or advice are
imperative sentences

● It begins with a base form of the verb

● Its subject is not explicitly given. Instead its subject is by default understood

(iv) exclamatory sentence

Sentence that covey some strong feeling or emotion are known as exclamatory sentences

The exclamatory sentences:

● Begin with words like what or how etc

● And end with an exclamation mark (!)
Ch-6

Construction of paragraph
l. Introduction

In this session, we shall briefly describe what makes a good paragraph in english and what all
things one should keep in mind while constructing paragraphs

ll. Significance of paragraphs

It is always a good idea to write your text in paragraphs. A paragraph is a group of sentences that
describes one idea the paragraph present an idea at a time and prevent text from becoming
overwhelming
lll. Writing good paragraphs

A paragraph represents one idea if you have to write about a different idea start a new paragraph
in order to construct a good paragraph you can follow the rules given below

Step-1: write an outline for the paragraphs

First thing you should do while constructing a paragraph is: write an outline for paragraph the
outline of the paragraph should include

● The topic
● Supporting information of the topic

Step-2: write the topic sentence

Write a sentence that describes the topic

Step-3: in the next step, you have to write at least one supporting sentence for each point

In the outline.
 Step-4: write the concluding sentence

Finally write a concluding sentence to sum up the idea of paragraph

Step-5: combine all the lines to get your final paragraph

Now combine all the lines of steps 1,2,3 and 4 to get your final combined paragraph