2024
ENGINEERING ROBOTICS
ENGINEERING ROBOTIC & FUTURE WORTH
SAMEER SARWAR MAGSI (21-ME-181)
MED UET TAXILA |
ENGINEERING ROBOTICS
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Introduction to Engineering Robotics ........................................................................................................... 2
Definition and Overview ........................................................................................................................... 2
Interdisciplinary Foundations ....................................................................................................................... 2
1. Mechanical Engineering: ....................................................................................................................... 2
2. Electrical Engineering: ........................................................................................................................... 2
3. Computer Science: ................................................................................................................................ 2
Design and Development .............................................................................................................................. 3
1. Conceptualization and Requirements Analysis:.................................................................................... 3
2. Mechanical Design: ............................................................................................................................... 3
3. Electrical System Integration: ............................................................................................................... 3
4. Software Development: ........................................................................................................................ 3
5. Prototyping and Testing: ....................................................................................................................... 4
6. Integration and Assembly: .................................................................................................................... 4
7. Optimization and Iteration: .................................................................................................................. 4
Applications of Engineering Robotics ........................................................................................................... 4
1. Manufacturing Industry: ....................................................................................................................... 4
2. Healthcare Sector:................................................................................................................................. 4
3. Agriculture: ........................................................................................................................................... 4
4. Aerospace and Defense: ....................................................................................................................... 4
5. Exploration and Disaster Response: ..................................................................................................... 5
Challenges and Future Directions ................................................................................................................. 5
1. Technological Limitations: .................................................................................................................... 5
2. Ethical and Societal Implications: ......................................................................................................... 5
3. Regulatory Frameworks: ....................................................................................................................... 5
4. Advancing AI and Machine Learning:.................................................................................................... 5
5. Human-Robot Interaction: .................................................................................................................... 5
Some Factual data:........................................................................................................................................ 5
Density Of Robotic workers: ......................................................................................................................... 6
Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................................... 6
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Introduction to Engineering Robotics
Engineering robotics is an interdisciplinary field that combines principles from mechanical,
electrical, and computer engineering to design, develop, and deploy robotic systems. These
systems are equipped with the ability to sense, perceive, and act upon their environment
autonomously or with minimal human intervention.
Definition and Overview
Engineering robotics involves the creation of intelligent machines, commonly referred to as
robots, that can perform a wide range of tasks autonomously or under human supervision. These
tasks may include manipulation, locomotion, perception, cognition, and interaction with the
environment. It encompasses a diverse range of technologies and methodologies aimed at
creating robots with varying degrees of complexity, functionality, and autonomy.
Interdisciplinary Foundations
1. Mechanical Engineering:
Engineers design the physical components of robots, including frames, joints, linkages, and end-
effectors, to achieve desired functionality, strength, and flexibility. The motion and forces within
robotic systems is crucial for optimizing performance and ensuring stability during operation.
Knowledge of materials properties and selection is essential for designing lightweight, durable,
and efficient robot components, considering factors such as strength, stiffness, and thermal
conductivity.
2. Electrical Engineering:
Electrical engineering focuses on the electrical systems and components that power and control
robotic systems. Engineers design power distribution systems to provide energy to motors,
actuators, sensors, and other electrical components, considering factors such as voltage, current,
and energy efficiency. Expertise in motor control theory and techniques enables engineers to
regulate the speed, torque, and position of motors and actuators to achieve precise motion
control.
3. Computer Science:
Computer science plays a fundamental role in robotics by providing algorithms, software
development tools, and computational techniques for robot control, perception, and decision
making. It develop algorithms for path planning, motion control, localization, mapping, and
obstacle avoidance, enabling robots to navigate and interact with their environment
autonomously.
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Design and Development
The design and development phase of engineering robotics is a critical stage where the
conceptualization of a robotic system transforms into a tangible and functional entity. This process
involves a series of steps and considerations aimed at creating robots that are robust, efficient,
and capable of fulfilling their intended tasks. Below are the key aspects involved in the design and
development of engineering robotics:
1. Conceptualization and Requirements Analysis:
Define the purpose and objectives of the robotic system, considering the tasks it needs
to perform, the environment it will operate in, and the specific requirements and
constraints.
Conduct a thorough analysis of user needs, stakeholder requirements, safety
considerations, and regulatory standards to guide the design process.
2. Mechanical Design:
Design the physical structure and components of the robot to meet functional
requirements while considering factors such as size, weight, strength, and mobility.
Utilize CAD (Computer-Aided Design) software to create detailed 3D models of the
robot's mechanical components, allowing for visualization, simulation, and optimization
of the design.
Consider the selection of materials, manufacturing processes, and fabrication techniques
to ensure the durability, reliability, and cost-effectiveness of the mechanical system.
3. Electrical System Integration:
Specify the electrical components required for the robot, including motors, actuators,
sensors, microcontrollers, and power distribution systems.
Integrate electrical components into the mechanical design, ensuring proper placement,
wiring, and connectivity to facilitate communication and control.
Design circuitry and electronics to regulate power, interface with sensors and actuators,
and implement control algorithms for motion and perception.
4. Software Development:
Develop software programs and algorithms to control the behavior and functionality of
the robot, including motion planning, pathfinding, localization, mapping, and obstacle
avoidance.
Implement algorithms for sensor data processing, fusion, and interpretation to enable
perception and environmental awareness.
Utilize programming languages such as C/C++, Python, or ROS (Robot Operating
System) to write code for the robot's onboard controllers, embedded systems, and high-
level software interfaces.
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5. Prototyping and Testing:
Build prototypes of the robotic system to validate the design and functionality through
iterative testing and evaluation.
Conduct simulation-based testing using software tools and virtual environments to
assess performance, verify algorithms, and identify potential design flaws.
Perform physical testing of prototypes in real-world conditions to validate functionality,
reliability, and safety, iterating on the design as needed to address issues and optimize
performance.
6. Integration and Assembly:
Integrate mechanical, electrical, and software components into a cohesive system,
ensuring compatibility, functionality, and reliability.
Assemble the robot according to the finalized design specifications, following assembly
instructions, wiring diagrams, and safety protocols.
Conduct system integration testing to verify proper functioning of all components and
subsystems, addressing any compatibility issues or errors that arise during assembly.
7. Optimization and Iteration:
Continuously optimize the design and performance of the robot through iterative
refinement and enhancement based on feedback from testing and user evaluation.
Identify areas for improvement in terms of efficiency, speed, accuracy, and robustness,
and implement design changes or algorithmic adjustments to address these challenges.
Iterate on the design and development process, incorporating lessons learned from
previous iterations to achieve incremental improvements in the overall system.
Applications of Engineering Robotics
1. Manufacturing Industry:
Robots automate assembly, welding, painting, and packaging processes, enhancing efficiency and
precision in manufacturing operations.
2. Healthcare Sector:
Surgical robots assist in minimally invasive surgeries, rehabilitation robots aid in therapy sessions,
and telepresence robots facilitate remote patient monitoring and care.
3. Agriculture:
Robots are deployed for planting, harvesting, and monitoring crops, optimizing yield, resource
management, and reducing labor costs.
4. Aerospace and Defense:
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), autonomous drones, and robotic exploration missions are used
for surveillance, reconnaissance, and space exploration.
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5. Exploration and Disaster Response:
Robots explore hazardous environments, perform search and rescue missions, and assist in
disaster recovery efforts, minimizing risks to human life.
Challenges and Future Directions
1. Technological Limitations:
Overcoming challenges such as power efficiency, dexterity, and adaptability to unstructured
environments remains a priority for robotics research and development.
2. Ethical and Societal Implications:
Addressing concerns related to job displacement, privacy, and the ethical use of autonomous
systems in warfare and surveillance requires collaboration between technologists, policymakers,
and ethicists.
3. Regulatory Frameworks:
Establishing clear guidelines for safety, liability, and accountability is essential to foster public trust
in robotics and ensure responsible deployment and operation.
4. Advancing AI and Machine Learning:
Further advancements in artificial intelligence and machine learning will enable robots to learn
from experience, adapt to changing conditions, and perform increasingly complex tasks with
greater autonomy and efficiency.
5. Human-Robot Interaction:
Enhancing human-robot interaction capabilities, including gesture recognition, speech
understanding, and social robotics, will facilitate seamless collaboration between humans and
robots in various domains.
Some Factual data: Global leader of robotics
According to IMF, Asia is a global leader in
employing robotics for manufacturing, with
an estimated 65% of the world’s total
industrial robot usage. As shown in figure 1.
Asia Europe America Africa
Figure 1
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Density Of Robotic workers:
Number of robots installed per 10,000 employees in the manufacturing industries.
As shown in table 1.
Countries 2017 2021
South korea 710 1000
Japan 308 399
Germany 322 397
China 97 322
Sweden 240 321
USA 200 274
Switzerland 129 240
Italy 190 217
Canada 161 191
France 137 163
Table 1
Conclusion
In conclusion, engineering robotics represents a frontier of innovation and discovery, with the
potential to reshape industries, improve quality of life, and expand the horizons of human
exploration. By embracing the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead, we can harness the
power of robotics to create a brighter, more sustainable future for generations to come.
