System of Particles and Rotational Motion

System of particles and Rotational

5 Motion
SHORT TRICKS BASED QUESTIONS
Dear students all given tricks and techniques are super easy to apply so
do practice multiple times

Q-1. A thin circular ring of mass M and radius R is rotating about

its axis with a constant angular velocity ω. Two objects each of
mass m are attached gently to the opposite ends of a diameter of the
ring. The ring now rotates with an angular velocity [ IIT-1983, NEET-
2009]

Mω (M+2m)ω (M−2m)ω Mω
(a) (b) (c) (d)
M+2m M M+2m 2m

1. A thin circular ring of mass M and radius R is rotating about its axis
with a constant angular velocity ω. four objects each of mass m are
attached gently to the opposite ends of a diameter of the ring. The ring
𝐌𝛚
now rotates with an angular velocity Ans –
𝐌+𝟒𝐦

114
 U Can - Physics

Q-2. A thin circular disc of mass M and radius R is rotating about

its axis with a constant angular velocity ω. Two objects each of
mass m are attached gently to the opposite ends of a diameter of the
disc. The disc now rotates with an angular velocity
Mω (M+4m)ω (M−4m)ω Mω
(a) (b) (c) (d)
M+4m M M+2m 2m

1. A thin circular disc of mass M and radius R is rotating about its

axis with a constant angular velocity ω. four objects each of
mass m are attached gently to the opposite ends of a diameter
of the disc. The disc now rotates with an angular velocity
𝐌𝛚
Ans –
𝐌+𝟖𝐦

115
System of Particles and Rotational Motion

Q- 3. A thin uniform circular disc of mass M and radius R is rotating

in a horizontal plane about an axis perpendicular to its plane at an
angular velocity ω. Another disc of mass M/2 but same radius is
placed gently on the first disc coaxially. The angular velocity of the
system now is:

4ω 2ω ω 3ω
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 3 3 4

1. A thin uniform circular disc of mass M and radius R is rotating

in a horizontal plane about an axis perpendicular to its plane at
an angular velocity ω. Another disc of mass M/3 but same
radius is placed gently on the first disc coaxially. The angular
𝟑𝛚
velocity of the system now is: Ans –
𝟒

116
 U Can - Physics

Q-4. An object of radius R and mass M is rolling horizontally

without slipping with speed v. It then rolls up the hill to a maximum
3𝑣 2
height h= . the object is (g = acceleration due to gravity) [ IIT-
4𝑔
2007, NEET- 2013]

(a) Disc (b) Ring

(c) Solid sphere (d) Hollow sphere

1. An object of radius R and mass M is rolling horizontally without

slipping with speed v. It then rolls up the hill to a maximum
height h = 5v2/6g. the object is (g = acceleration due to gravity)
Ans – Hollow Sphere

117
System of Particles and Rotational Motion

Q-5. If rotational K.E. is 50% of translational K.E. then the body is

(a) solid cylinder (b) ring

(c) solid sphere (d) hollow sphere

1. If rotational K.E. is 40% of translational K.E. then the body is

Ans – Solid Sphere

118
 U Can - Physics

Q-6. A rod of length 1 m is pivoted at one end. It is raised such that

if makes an angle of 300 from the horizontal as shown and released
from rest. Its angular speed when it passes through the horizontal is
under root n (in rad s −1 ), where n is (g=10ms −2 ) [ JEE MAIN- 2019]

(a) 30 (b) 15 (c) 10 (d) 5

1. A rod of length 50 cm is pivoted at one end. It is raised such that

if made an angle of 300 from the horizontal as shown and
released from rest. Its angular speed when it passes through the
horizontal (in rad s-1) will be (g = 10ms-2)
Ans – √𝟑𝟎

2. A rod of length 25 cm is pivoted at one end. It is raised such that

if made an Angle of 300 from the horizontal as shown and
released from rest. Its angular Speed when it passes through the
horizontal (in rad s-1) will be (g = 10ms-2)
Ans – √𝟔𝟎

119
System of Particles and Rotational Motion

Q-7. A string is wrapped around a cylinder of mass M and radius R.

The string is pulled vertically upwards to prevent the center of mass
from falling as the cylinder unwinds the string. The tension in the
string is [ JEE MAIN- 2014, NEET-2014 (S)]

Mg Mg Mg 2Mg
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 3 2 3

1. A string is wrapped around a cylinder of mass M and radius R.

The string is pulled vertically upwards to prevent the centre of
mass from falling as the cylinder unwinds the string. The
Acceleration is
𝟐𝟎
Ans –
𝟑

120
 U Can - Physics
Q-8. A circular plate of uniform thickness has diameter 56 cm.
A circular part of diameter 42 cm is removed from one edge.
What is the position of the center of mass of the remaining part
[ IIT- 1980]
(a) 3cm (b) 5 cm (c) 9 cm (d) 10 cm

1. A circular disc of radius R is removed from a bigger circular disc

of radius 2R such that the circumferences of the discs coincide.
The centre of mass of the new disc is αR from the centre of the
bigger disc. The value of α is
𝟏
Ans –
𝟑

2. From a uniform circular disc of mass M and radius R a small

disc of radius R/2 is removed is such a way that both have a
common tangent. Find the distance of centre of mass of
remaining part from the centre of original disc.
𝑹
[ NCERT] Ans –
𝟔

121
System of Particles and Rotational Motion

Q-9. A body rotating with an angular speed of 600 rpm is uniformly

Accelerated to 1800 rpm in 10 sec. The number of rotations made in
the process is [ JEE MAIN- 2014, NEET-2014 (S)]

(a) 50 (b) 100 (c) 150 (d) 200

1. A body rotating with an angular speed of 500 rpm is uniformly

accelerated to 1500 rpm in 6 sec. The number of rotations made
in the process is
Ans – 100

2. The speed of a motor increases

from 600rpm to 1200rpm in 20sec. What is its angular
acceleration and how many Revolutions does it make during this
time.
Ans – 300

122
 U Can - Physics

Q-10. From a circular disc of radius R and mass 9M,

a small disc of radius R/3 is removed from the disc.
The moment of inertia of the remaining disc about
an axis perpendicular to the plane of the disc and
passing through O is [ IIT-2005]

4
(a) 4MR2 (b) MR2
3
37
(c) 10MR2 (d) MR2
9

1. From a circular disc of radius R and mass M, a small disc of radius R/3 is
removed from the disc. The moment of inertia of the remaining disc about an
axis perpendicular to the plane of the disc and passing through O is
𝟒𝑴𝑹𝟐
Ans –
𝟗

2. From a disc of radius R and mass M, a circular hole of diameter R, whose rim
passes through the centre is cut. What is the moment of inertia of the remaining
part of the disc about a perpendicular axis, passing through the centre? [ NEET-
𝟏𝟑𝑴𝑹𝟐
2016 (S)] Ans –
𝟑𝟐
123
System of Particles and Rotational Motion

Q-11. A block of mass m is suspended from a pulley in form of a

circular disc of mass m & radius R. The system is released from rest,
find the angular velocity of disc when block has dropped by height h.
(there is no slipping between string & pulley) [ JEE MAIN- 2019]

1 4gh 1 2gh
(a) √ (b) √
R 3 R 3

2gh 4gh
(c) R√ (d) R√
3 3

1. A block of mass m is suspended from a pulley in form of a

circular disc of mass m & radius R. The system is released from
rest, find the velocity of disc when block has dropped by height
h. (there is no slipping between string & pulley)
4gh
Ans – √
3

124
 U Can - Physics

Q-12. A pulley has the shape of a uniform solid disc of mass 2 kg

and radius 0.5 m. A string is wrapped over its rim
and is pulled by a force of 2.5 N. The pulley is free to
rotate about its axis. Initially, the pulley is at rest.
Find the angular velocity and angle rotated by pulley
in 10s.
(a) 50 rad/s
(b) 60 rad/s
(c) 80 rad/s
(d) 100 rad/s

1. A pulley has the shape of a uniform solid disc of mass 1kg and
radius 1 m. A string is wrapped over its rim and is pulled by a
force of 4 N. The pulley is free to rotate about its axis. Initially,
the pulley is at rest. Find the angular velocity and angle rotated
by pulley in 5s.
Ans – 40, 100 rad/s

125
 System of Particles and Rotational Motion

Q-13. If radius of the earth is doubled without change in its mass,

what will be the length of the day?
(a) 96 h (b) 90 h (c) 56 h (d) 98 h

1. If radius of the earth contracts to half of its present value without

change in its mass, what will be the new duration of the day?
Ans – 6 hr

126
 U Can - Physics

Q-14. A particle of mass m is projected with a velocity v making an

angle of 300 with the horizontal. The magnitude of the angular
momentum of the projectile about the point of projection when the
particle is at its maximum height h is.
√3 mv2 mv2 √3 mv2
(a) (b) zero (c) (d)
2 g √2 g 16 g

1. A particle of mass m is projected with a velocity v making an

angle of 600 with the horizontal. The magnitude of the angular
momentum of the projectile about the point of projection when
the particle is at its maximum height h is.
𝟑𝐦𝐮𝟑
Ans –
𝟏𝟔𝐠

2. A particle of mass m is projected with a velocity v making an

angle of 450 with the horizontal. The magnitude of the angular
momentum of the projectile about the point of projection when
the particle is at its maximum height h is.
𝐦𝐮𝟑
Ans –
𝟐√𝟐 𝐠
127
System of Particles and Rotational Motion

Q-15. A smooth uniform rod of length L and mass M has two

identical beads of negligible size, each of mass m, which can slide
freely along the rod. Initially, the two beads are at the centre of the
rod and the system is rotating with an angular velocity 𝜔0 about an
axis perpendicular to the rod and passing
through the midpoint of the rod (see figure).
There are no external forces. When the beads
reach the ends of the rod, the angular velocity
of the system is.
Mω0 Mω0 2Mω0 Mω0
(a) (b) (c) (d)
M + 6m M + 4m M + 6m M + 2m

128
 U Can - Physics

Q-16. When a ceiling fan is switched off, its angular velocity

reduces to half its initial value after it competes 36 rotations it will
make further before coming to rest is assuming angular retardation
to be uniform.
(a) 10 (b) 12 (c) 18 (d) 36

1. When a ceiling fan is switched off its angular velocity reduces

to half of its value, while it makes 12 rotations. How many
more rotations will it make before coming to rest? (Assume
uniform angular retardation)
Ans – 4

129
System of Particles and Rotational Motion

Q-17. A small mass attached to a string rotates on frictionless table

top as shown. If the tension of the string is increased by pulling the
string causing the radius of the circular motion to decrease by a
factor of 2, the kinetic energy of the mass will.
(a) Increase by factor of 4
(b) Increase by factor of 8
(c) Remain constant
(d) Increases by a factor 2

130
 U Can - Physics

Q-18. If a sphere is rolling, the ratio of the translation energy to

total kinetic energy is given by.
(a) 7/10 (b) 2/5 (c) 10/7 (d) 5/7

1. If a Hollow sphere is rolling, the ratio of the translation

energy to total kinetic energy is given by. Ans – 3/5

2. If a Disc is rolling, the ratio of the translation energy to

total kinetic energy is given by. Ans – 2/3

131
System of Particles and Rotational Motion

Q-19. When a uniform solid sphere and a disc of the same mass and of
the same radius rolls down an inclined smooth plane from rest to the
same distance, then the ratio of the time taken by them is

(a) 15: 14 (b) 152 : 142 (c) √14 : √15 (d) 14: 15

1. When a uniform Hollow sphere and a disc of the same mass

and of the same radius rolls down an inclined smooth plane
from rest to the same distance, then the ratio of the time taken
𝟏𝟎
by them is Ans – √
𝟗

132
 U Can - Physics

Q-20. Two masses 𝑚1 and 𝑚2 (𝑚1 > 𝑚2 ) are connected by massless

flexible and inextensible string passed over massless and frictionless
pulley. The acceleration of Centre of mass is
𝑚1 + 𝑚2 2 𝑚1 − 𝑚2
(a) ( ) g (c) ( )2 g
𝑚1 − 𝑚2 𝑚1 + 𝑚2
𝑚1 + 𝑚2
(b) g (d) Zero
𝑚1 − 𝑚2

1. Two masses 3kg and 2kg are connected by massless flexible and
inextensible string passed over massless and frictionless pulley.
The acceleration of Centre of mass is
Ans – g/25

133
System of Particles and Rotational Motion

MOST IMPORTANT & SELECTED NCERT QUESTION

Attention*
Dear Students all the given NCERT Questions solutions are super easy to understand
so do practice of all questions because each question is highly expected.

1. Find the center of mass of a uniform L-shaped lamina (a thin flat

plate) with dimensions as shown. The mass of the
lamina is 3 kg.

134
NCERT Question System of Particles and Rotational Motion

2. Find the torque of a force 7𝑖̂+ 3𝑗̂ - 5𝑘̂ about the origin. The force
acts on a particle whose position vector is 𝑖̂- 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂.

3. A solid cylinder of mass 20 kg rotates about its axis with angular

speed 100 rad s −1 . The radius of the cylinder is 0.25 m. What is the
kinetic energy associated with the rotation of the cylinder? What is
the magnitude of angular momentum of the cylinder about its axis?

135
NCERT Question System of Particles and Rotational Motion

4. A cord of negligible mass wound round the rim of a fly wheel of

mass 20 kg and radius 20 cm. A steady pull of 25 N is applied on
the cord as shown in Fig. The flywheel is mounted on a horizontal
axle with frictionless bearings.
(a) Compute the angular acceleration of the wheel.
(b) Find the work done by the pull, when 2m of the cord is unwound.
(c) Find also the kinetic energy of the wheel at this point. Assume
that the wheel starts from rest.

136
 U Can - Physics

5. To maintain a rotor at a uniform angular speed of 200 rad s −1 , an

engine needs to transmit a torque of 180 N m. What is the power
required by the engine? (Note: uniform angular velocity in the
absence of friction implies zero torque, In practice, applied torque is
needed to counter frictional torque). Assume that the engine is 100%
efficient.

6. A solid cylinder rolls up an inclined plane of angle of inclination

30°. At the bottom of the inclined plane the centre of mass of the
cylinder has a speed of 5 m/s.
(a) How far will the cylinder go up the plane?

137
NCERT Question System of Particles and Rotational Motion

7. The angular speed of a motor wheel is increased from 1200 rpm to

3120 rpm in 16 seconds,
(i) What is its angular acceleration, assuming the acceleration to be
uniform?
(ii) How many revolutions does the engine make during this time?

138
 U Can - Physics

8. A hoop of radius 2 m weighs 100 kg. It rolls along a horizontal floor

so that its centre of mass has a speed of 20 cm/s. How much work
has to be done to stop it

139
Formula Based Question System of Particles and Rotational Motion

DIRECT FORMULA & BASIC CONCEPT BASED QUESTION

Attention*
Dear Students all the given formulae are most repeated and highly expected for NEET &
JEE MAINS so you could not avoid any single formula and question.

𝐦𝟏 𝐫𝟏 + 𝐦𝟐 𝐫𝟐 + 𝐦𝟑 𝐫𝟑 +⋯
Position of center of mass [𝐫𝐜𝐨𝐦 = ]
𝐦𝟏 +𝐦𝟐 + 𝐦𝟑 +⋯

1. Three-point particles of masses 1.0 kg, 1.5 kg and 2.5 kg are

placed at three corners of a right-angle triangle of sides 4.0 cm,
3.0 cm and 5.0 cm as shown in the figure. The center of mass of
the system is at a point:
(a) 0.6 cm right and 2.0 cm above 1 kg mass
(b) 1.5 cm right and 1.2 cm above 1 kg mass
(c) 2.0 cm right and 0.9 cm above 1 kg mass
(d) 0.9 cm right and 2.0 cm above 1 kg mass
2. The position vector of the centre of mass 𝑟𝑐𝑚 of an
asymmetric uniform bar of negligible area of cross-section as
shown in figure is:
13 5 5 13
(a) r̅cm = L 𝑥̂ + L 𝑦̂ (c) r̅cm = L 𝑥̂ + L 𝑦̂
8 8 8 8
3 11 11 3
(b) r̅cm = L 𝑥̂ + L 𝑦̂ (d) r̅cm = L 𝑥̂ + L 𝑦̂
8 8 8 8
3. Look at the drawing given in the figure which has been drawn with ink
of uniform line-thickness. The mass of ink used to draw each of the two
inner circles, and each of the two-line segments is m. The mass of the
ink used to draw the outer circle is 6 m. The coordinates of the centers
of the different parts are: outer circle (0, 0), left inner circle (-a, a), Right
inner (a, a), vertical line (0, 0) and horizontal line (0, -c). They y-
coordinate of the center of mass of the ink in this drawing is
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
(a) (b) (c) (d)
10 8 12 3
4. Three masses of 2 kg, 4 kg and 4 kg are placed at the three points (1, 0, 0), (1, 1, 0)
and (0, 1, 0) respectively. The position vector of its center of mass is
3 4 2 4 1 4
(a) 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ (b) (3𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂) (c) 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ (d) 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂
5 5 5 5 5 5
5. The distance between the carbon atom and the oxygen atom in a carbon monoxide
molecule is 1.1 Å. Given, mass of carbon atom is 12 a.m.u. and mass of oxygen
atom is 16 a.m.u., calculate the position of the center of mass of the carbon
monoxide molecule
(a) 3.6 Å from the carbon atom (c) 1 Å from the oxygen atom
(b) 0.63 Å from the carbon atom (d) 0.12 Å from the oxygen atom

𝒙
∫𝒙 𝟐 𝝀𝒙 𝒅𝒙
Position of Centre of mass when linear density of rod is given 𝑿𝒄𝒎 = 𝟏
𝒙
∫𝒙 𝟐 𝝀 𝒅𝒙
𝟏

1. If linear density of a rod of length 3m varies as λ = 2 + x, then the position of the

centre of gravity of the rod is
7 12 10 9
(a) m (b) m (c) m (d) m
3 7 7 7

140
 U Can - Physics
2. A straight rod of length L has one of its ends at the origin and the other at x = L. If
the mass per unit length of the rod is given by Ax where A is constant, where is its
mass centre?
(a) L/3 (b) L/2 (c) 2L/3 (d) 3L/4
3. The distances of centre of mass from end A of a one-dimensional rod (AB) having
𝑥2 3𝐿
mass density ρ = ρ0 (1 − ) kg/m and length L (in meter) is m. The value of 𝛼
𝐿2 𝛼
is (Where x is the distance from end A)
(a) 8 (b) 7 (c) 10 (d) 5

Relation b/w moment of inertia and radius of gyration [𝐈 = 𝐌𝐊 𝟐 ] where: k = radius of

gyration

1. The moment of inertia of a sphere of mass M and radius R about an axis passing
through its centre is 2/5 MR2 . The radius of gyration of the sphere about a parallel
axis to the above and tangent to the sphere is
7 3 7 3
(a) R (b) R (c) (√ ) R (d) (√ ) R
5 5 5 5

2. Four particles each of mass m are placed at the corners of a square of side length 𝑙.
The radius of gyration of the system about an axis perpendicular to the square and
passing through its centre is
𝑙 𝑙
(a) (b) (c) 𝑙 (d) (√2) 𝑙
√2 2
3. The ratio of the radii of gyration of a circular disc about a tangential axis in the
plane of the disc and of a circular ring of the same radius about a tangential axis in
the plane of the ring is
(a) 2 : 3 (b) 2 : 1 (c) √5 : √6 (d) 1 : √2
4. Four particles each of mass 100 g are placed at the corners of a square of side 10 c
m . Find the moment of inertia of the system about an axis passing through the
centre of the square and perpendicular to its plane. Find also the radius of gyration
of the system.
(a) 2 x 10−3 𝑘𝑔𝑚2 , 5𝑐𝑚 (c) 2 x 10−3 𝑘𝑔𝑚2 , 7𝑐𝑚
(b) 4 x 10−3 𝑘𝑔𝑚2 , 5𝑐𝑚 (d) 1 x 10−3 𝑘𝑔𝑚2 , 7𝑐

Moment of force (torque) [𝛕

⃗ = 𝐫 × 𝐅]

1. A force of - F𝑘̂ acts on O, the origin of the coordinate system. The torque about the
point (1, -1) is
(a) – F(𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂) (b) F(𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂) (c) - F(𝑖̂ - 𝑗̂) (d) F(𝑖̂ - 𝑗̂)
2. A wheel having moment of inertia 2 kg-m2 about its vertical axis, rotates at the rate
of 60 rpm about this axis. The torque which can stop the wheel’s rotation in one
minute would be
2𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
(a) N-m (b) N-m (c) N-m (d) N-m
15 12 15 18
3. A fly wheel of moment of inertia 3 × 102 kg𝑚2 is rotating with uniform angular
speed of 4.6 rad s −1. If a torque of 6.9 × 102 N m retards the wheel, then the time
in which the wheel comes to rest is
(a) 1.5 s (b) 2 s (c) 0.5 s (d) 1 s

4. The torque of a force 5𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ - 7𝑘̂ about the origin is 𝜏. If the force acts on a particle
whose position vector is 2𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ , then the value of t will be:
141
Formula Based Question System of Particles and Rotational Motion
(a) 11𝑖̂ + 19𝑗̂ - 4𝑘̂ (b) - 11𝑖̂ + 9𝑗̂ - 16𝑘̂ (c) - 17𝑖̂ + 19𝑗̂ - 4𝑘̂ (d) 17𝑖̂ + 9𝑗̂ + 16𝑘̂

Parallel –Axis Theorem [𝐈 = 𝐈𝐜𝐨𝐦 + 𝐦𝐝𝟐 ] 𝐈𝐜𝐨𝐦 = about a xis passing through
center of mass, d = ‘⊥’ distance b/w both axis

1. Two spheres each of mass M and radius R/2 are connected

with a massless rod of length 2R as shown in the figure. What
will be the moment of inertia of the system about an axis
passing through the centre of one of the spheres and
perpendicular to the rod
21 2 5 5
(a) MR2 (b) MR2 (c) MR2 (d) MR2
5 5 2 21
2. The moment of inertia of a thin rod of mass M and length L about an axis
perpendicular to the rod at a distance L/4 from one end is
ML2 ML2 7 ML2 7 ML2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
6 12 24 48
3. One quarter sector is cut from a uniform circular disc of radius R. This
sector has mass M. It is made to rotate about a line perpendicular to its
plane and passing through the center of the original disc. Its moment of
inertia about the axis of rotation is
1 1 1
(a) MR2 (b) MR2 (c) MR2 (d) √2 MR2
2 4 8
4. Four identical discs each of mass 'M' and diameter 'a' are arranged in a small
plane as shown in figure. If the moment of inertia of the system about OO'
𝑥
is M𝑎2 . Then, the value of x will be__.
4
(a) 3 (b) 2 (c) 5 (d) 4
5. A circular disc 𝐷1 of mass M and radius R has two identical discs 𝐷2
and 𝐷3 of the same mass M and radius R attached rigidly at its
opposite ends (see figure). The moment of inertia of the system
about the axis OO', passing through the centre of 𝐷1 , as shown in the
figure, will be:
4 2
(a) MR2 (b) 3 MR2 (c) MR2 (d) MR2
5 3

Angular momentum [𝐋 = 𝐦(𝐫 × 𝐯⃗)]and its conservation Li = Lf or [𝐈𝟏 𝛚𝟏 = 𝐈𝟐 𝛚𝟐 ]

1. A cockroach is moving with velocity v in anticlockwise direction on the rim of a disc

of radius R of mass m. the moment of inertia of the disc about the axis is I and it is
rotating in clockwise direction with an angular velocity 𝜔. If the cockroach stops, the
angular velocity of the disc will be
𝐼𝜔 𝐼𝜔 + 𝑚𝑣𝑅 𝐼𝜔 − 𝑚𝑣𝑅 𝐼𝜔 − 𝑚𝑣𝑅
(a) 2
(b) 2
(c) 2
(d)
𝐼 + 𝑚𝑅 𝐼 + 𝑚𝑅 𝐼 + 𝑚𝑅 𝐼
2. A solid sphere is rotating about a diameter at an angular velocity 𝜔. If it cools so
1
that its radius reduces to of its original value, its angular velocity becomes
𝑛
ω ω
(a) (b) (c) 𝑛ω (d) 𝑛2 ω
n n2
3. The position vector of 1 kg object is r = (3𝑖̂ - 𝑗̂) m and its velocity 𝑣 = (3𝑖̂ + k)
ms −1 . The magnitude of its angular momentum is √𝑥 Nm where x is_____.
(a) 91 (b) 29 (c) 20 (d) 21

142
 U Can - Physics
4. A particle of mass 'm' is moving in time 't' on a trajectory given by 𝑟 =10 𝛼𝑡 2 𝑖̂ + 5β
(t - 5) 𝑗̂ Where 𝛼 and β are dimensional constants. The angular momentum of the
particle becomes the same as it was for t = 0 at time t s
(a) 10 (b) 9 (c) 11 (d) 8
5. A thin rod of mass 0.9 kg and length 1 m is suspended, at rest, from one
end so that it can freely oscillate in the vertical plane. A particle of move
0.1 kg moving in a straight line with velocity 80 m/s hits the rod at its
bottom most point and sticks to it (see figure). The angular speed (in
rad/s) of the rod immediately after the collision will be_______.
(a) 20 (b) 25 (c) 30 (d) 15

𝐠𝐬𝐢𝐧𝛉
Acceleration of a body under pure rolling on inclined plane a = ( 𝐊𝟐
)
𝟏+
𝐑𝟐

1. An inclined plane makes an angle of 30° with the horizontal. A solid sphere rolling
down this inclined plane from rest without slipping has a linear acceleration equal
to
g 2g 5g 5g
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 3 7 14
2. A cylinder rolls down an inclined plane of inclination 30°, the acceleration of
cylinder is
g g 2g
(a) (b) g (c) (d)
3 2 3
3. A solid disc of radius ‘a’ and mass ‘m’ rolls down without slipping on an
inclined plane making an angle θ with the horizontal. The acceleration of
2
the disc will be g sin θ where b is ____. (Round off to the Nearest Integer)
𝑏
(g = acceleration due to gravity, θ = angle as shown in figure.)
(a) 3 (b) 5 (c) 2 (d) 6
4. A cylinder of mass Mc and sphere of mass Ms are placed at points A
and B of two inclines, respectively (See Figure). If they roll on the
incline without slipping such that their accelerations are the same,
sin θc
then the ratio is:
sin θs
8 15 8 15
(a) √7 (b) √ (c) (d)
14 7 14

𝟏 𝐊𝟐
Rolling Energy E= 𝒎𝒗𝟐 (𝟏 + )
𝟐 𝐑𝟐

1. A solid sphere of mass 500 g and radius 10 cm rolls without slipping with the
velocity 20 cm/s. The total kinetic energy of the sphere will be
(a) 0.014 J (b) 0.028 J (c) 280 J (d) 140 J
2. A hollow sphere of diameter 0.2 m and mass 2 kg is rolling on an inclined plane
with velocity 𝑣 = 0.5 m/s. The kinetic energy of the sphere is
(a) 0.1 J (b) 0.3 J (c) 0.5 J (d) 0.42 J
3. A circular disc rolls down an inclined plane. The ratio of rotational kinetic energy to
total kinetic energy is
1 1 2 3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 3 3 4

143
Formula Based Question System of Particles and Rotational Motion
4. A solid cylinder and a solid sphere, having same mass M and radius R, roll down
the same inclined plane from top without slipping. They start from rest. The ratio of
velocity of the solid cylinder to that of the solid sphere, with which they reach the
ground, will be:
5 4 3 14
(a) √ (b) √ (c) √ (d) √
3 5 5 15

5. A solid sphere and solid cylinder of identical radii approach an

incline with the same linear velocity (see figure). Both roll without
slipping all throughout. The two climbs maximum heights ℎ𝑠𝑝ℎ and
ℎ𝑠𝑝ℎ
ℎ𝑐𝑦𝑙 on the incline. The ratio is given by:
ℎ𝑐𝑦𝑙
2 14 4
(a) (b) 1 (c) (d)
√5 15 5

𝟏
1ST and 2ND equation of rotation motion [𝛚𝟏 = 𝛚𝟏 + 𝛂𝐭] & [𝛉 = 𝛚𝟏 𝒕 + 𝛂𝐭 𝟐 ]
𝟐

1. A constant torque of 1000 N-m turns a wheel of moment of inertia 200 kg-𝑚2 about
an axis through its centre. Its angular velocity after 3 sec is
(a) 1 rad/sec (b) 5 rad/sec (c) 10 rad/sec (d) 15 rad/sec
2. The moment of inertia of a body about a given axis is 2.4 kg-m2 . To produce a
rotational kinetic energy of 750 J, an angular acceleration of 5 rad/s 2 must be
applied about that axis for
(a) 6 sec (b) 5 sec (c) 4 sec (d) 3 sec
3. The angular speed of truck wheel is increased from 900 rpm to 2460 rpm in 26
seconds. The number of revolutions by the truck engine during this time is
(a) 730 (b) 728 (c) 727 (d) 828

144
Optics and EM Waves

14 Optics and EM Waves

SHORT TRICKS BASED QUESTIONS

Dear students all given tricks and techniques are super easy to
apply so do practice multiple times

Q-1. A light ray is incident at an angle 45∘ on parallel sided glass slab
and emerges out grazing the vertical surface. The refractive index of
the slab is: [ JEE Main, NEET]

3 5 √3 √5
(a) √ (b) √ (c) (d)
2 2 2 2

1. A light ray is incident at an angle 60∘ on parallel sided glass slab

and emerges grazing the vertical surface. The refractive index of
the slab is:
√𝟕
Ans -
𝟐

347
Optics and EM Waves

Q-2. A ray is incident at an angle of incidence on one surface of a

prism of small angle A and emerges normally from the opposite
surface. If the refractive index of the material of the prism is μ, the
angle of incidence i is nearly equal to:

(a) μA (b) μ/A (c) A/μ (d) A/2

1. The angle of a prism is A. One of its refracting surfaces is

silvered. Light rays falling at an angle of incidence 2A on the first
surface returns back through the same path after suffering
reflection at the silvered surface. The refractive index μ, of the
prism is [NEET-2014] Ans - 2CosA

2. The refractive index of the material of a prism is √2 and the angle

of the prism is 30°. One of the two refracting surfaces of the prism
is made a mirror facing inwards by silver coating. A beam of
monochromatic light entering the prism from the other face will
retrace its path (after reflection from the silvered surface), if its
angle of incidence on the prism is Ans - 45°

348
U Can-Physics

Q-3. The focal length of a convex lens of glass (μ= 1.5) is 2cm. The
focal length of the lens when immersed in a liquid of refractive
index 1.25 will be:
(a) 5cm (b) 2cm (c) 4cm (d) 2.5cm

1. A double convex thin lens made of glass of refractive

index 1.5 has Focal length 15cm each. The focal length of this
lens when immersed in a liquid of refractive index 1.63 is: Ans
- 94.06cm

2. A thin convex lens which is made of glass (refractive index 1.5)

has a focal length of 20 cm.it is now completely immersed in a
transparent liquid having refractive index 1.75. Find the new
focal length of the lens. Ans -70cm

349
Optics and EM Waves

Q-4. A thin prism having refracting angle 40 is made of glass of

refractive index 1.54. This prism is combined with another thin prism
of glass of refractive index 1.72. This combination produces
dispersion without deviation. The refracting angle of second prism
should be: [ IIT-1990, NEET-2017]

(a) 60 (b) 40 (c) 30 (d) 80

1. A thin prism having refracting angle 100 is made of glass of

refractive index 1.42. This prism is combined with another thin
prism of glass of refractive index 1.7. This combination produces
dispersion without deviation. The refracting angle of second
prism should be: Ans- 60

2. A thin prism having refracting angle 150 is made of glass of

refractive index 1.5. This prism is combined with another thin
prism of glass of refractive index 1.75. This combination
produces dispersion without deviation. The refracting angle of
second prism should be: Ans- 100

350
U Can-Physics

Q-5. When an object is placed at a distance of 25 cm from a mirror,

the magnification is 𝑚1 . The object is moved 15 cm away with
respect to the earlier position, magnification becomes m2, If 𝑚1 /𝑚2
=4, the focal length of the mirror is
(a) – 20cm (b) – 40 cm (c) - 30 cm (d) – 10cm

1. When an object is placed at a distance of 20 cm from a mirror,

the magnification is m1. The object is moved 10 cm away with
respect to the earlier position, magnification becomes m2, If m1 /
m2= 2, the focal length of the mirror is
Ans -10cm

351
Optics and EM Waves

Q- 6. A light beam is travelling from Region I to IV (Refer Figure).

𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
The refractive index in 4 Regions I, II, III and IV are 𝑛0 , 0 , 0 and 0
2 6 8
, respectively. The angle of incidence θ for which the beam just
misses entering Region IV is [ IIT-2008]
1
(a) sin−1 ( )
8
1
(b) sin−1 ( )
4
1
(c) sin−1 ( )
3
1
(d) sin−1 ( )
2

1. A ray of light is incident at the glass-water interface at an angle i.

It merges finally parallel to the surface of the water.
Then, the value of μg would be (Where μg is the
refractive index of glass with respect to water)
𝟏
Ans -
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒊

352
U Can-Physics

Q-7. The ratio of maximum to minimum intensity due to

superposition of two waves is 16:1. Then the ratio of the intensity of
component waves is: - [ JEE- MAIN-2019, NEET-2015(S)]

(a) 25: 9 (b) 9: 25 (c) 1: 4 (d) 4: 1

1. The ratio of maximum to minimum intensity due to

superposition of two waves is 25: 1. Then the ratio of the
𝟗
intensity of component waves is :- Ans -
𝟒
2. The ratio of maximum to minimum intensity due to
superposition of two waves is 49:9. Then the ratio of the intensity
𝟐𝟓
of component waves is:- Ans -
𝟒

353
Optics and EM Waves

Q-8 In a Young's double slit experiment, the ratio of the slit's width
is 4:1. The ratio of the intensity of maxima to minima, close to the
central fringe on the screen, will be:

(a) 25: 9 (b) 9: 1 (c) 1: 9 (d) 4: 1

1. In a Young's double slit experiment, the ratio of the intensity

is 9:1. The ratio of the intensity of maxima to minima, close to
𝟒
the central fringe on the screen, will be: Ans -
𝟏

2. In a Young's double slit experiment, the ratio of the intensity

is 25:16. The ratio of the intensity of maxima to minima, close
𝟖𝟏
to the central fringe on the screens, will be: Ans -
𝟏

354
U Can-Physics

Q-9. Two plane mirrors A and B aligned parallel to

each other, as shown in the figure. A light ray is
incident at an angle of 300 at a point just inside one
end of A. the plane of incidence coincides with the
plane of the figure. The maximum number of times
the ray undergoes reflections (including the first one) before it
emerges out is

(a) 28 (b) 30 (c) 32 (d) 34

1. Two plane mirrors A and B aligned parallel

to each other, as shown in the figure. A
light ray is incident at an angle of 45 0 at a
point just inside one end of B. the plane of
incidence coincides with the plane of the figure.
The maximum number of times the ray undergoes reflections
(including the first one) before it emerges out
Ans - 10
355
Optics and EM Waves

Q-10. A point source of light B is placed at a distance L

in front of the Centre of a mirror of width d hung
vertically on a wall. A man walks in front of the mirror
along a line parallel to the mirror at a distance 2 L from
it as shown. The greatest distance over which he can see
the image of the light source in the mirror is.

d/2 (b) d (c) 2 d (d) 3 d

1. A point source of light S , placed at a distance 60 cm in front of

the centre of a plane mirror of width 50 cm , hangs vertically on
a wall. A man walks in front of the mirror along a line parallel to
the mirror at a distance 1.2 m from it ( see in the
figure ) . The distance between the extreme points
where he can see the image of the light source in
the mirror is
Ans - 1.5m
356
U Can-Physics

Q-11. An object is moving towards a concave mirror of focal length

24 cm. when it is at a distance of 60 cm from the mirror its velocity
is 9 cm/sec. The speed of its image at that instant, is

(a) 4 cm/sec towards the mirror (b) 9 cm/sec towards the mirror
(c) 4 cm/sec away from the mirror (d) 9 cm/sec away from the
mirror

1. An object is 40 cm away from a stationary concave mirror having

focal length 15 cm. If the object moves with a speed of 5 m/s
along the principal axis towards the mirror, then the speed of the
image will be
Ans - 1.8 cm/s
357
Optics and EM Waves

Q-12. A bulb is placed at a depth of 2√7 cm in water and a floating

opaque disc is placed over the bulb so that the bulb is not visible from
the surface. What is the minimum diameter of the disc?

(a) 12 cm (b) 10 cm (c) 12.2 cm (d) 11 cm

1. A diver looking up through the water sees the outside world

contained in a circular horizon. The refractive index of water
is 4 /3, and the diver's eyes are 15 cm below the surface of
water. Then the radius of the circle is
𝟒𝟓
Ans -
√𝟕

358
U Can-Physics

Q-13. The convex side of a thin plano-convex lens (𝜇 = 1.5) with R =

60 cm is silvered to obtain a concave mirror. Find focal length.

(a) 20 cm (b) 25 cm (c) 15 cm (d) 18 cm

1. A plano convex lens of refractive index 1.5 and radius of

curvature 30 cm is silvered at the curved surface. Now this lens
has been used to from the image of an object. At what distance
from this lens an object be placed in order to have a real image
of the size of the object
Ans - 20cm

359
Optics and EM Waves

Q-14. A thin lens (a𝜇𝑔 = 3/2) of focal length +12 cm in air is

immersed in water (𝜇 = 1.33). What is its new focal length?

(a) 48 cm (b) 50 cm (c) 38 cm (d) 52 cm

1. A thin lens (a𝜇𝑔 = 3/2) of focal length +15 cm in air is immersed

in water (𝜇 = 1.33). What is its new focal length?
Ans - 60cm

360
U Can-Physics

Q-15. Figure below shows two plane mirrors and

an object O placed between them. What will be
distance of the first three images form the mirror
M2?

(a) 2 cm, 8 cm, 14 cm (b) 2 cm, 12 cm, 18 cm

(c) 2 cm, 18 cm, 22 cm (d) 2 cm, 24 cm, 38 cm

1. Two plane mirrors parallel to each other and an object

O placed between them. Then the distance of the first
three images from the mirror M2 will be (in cm)
Ans- 5 cm, 25 cm, 35 cm

361
Optics and EM Waves

Q-16. Find the diameter of the image formed by a spherical concave

mirror of focal length 7.6 m. the diameter of the moon is 3450 km
and the distance between the earth and the moon is 3.8 × 105 km.
(a) 6.9 cm (b) 6.6 cm (c) 7 cm (d) 7.6 cm

1. The diameter of the moon is about 3500 km. What will be the
diameter of the image formed by a concave mirror of radius 3 m?
Assume that the distance of the moon is about 3 ⋅ 5 × 105 k m .
Ans – 1.5cm

362
U Can-Physics

Q-17. A young’s double-slit experiment is performed using

monochromatic light of wavelength λ. The intensity of light at a point
on the screen, where the path difference is λ, is K units. The intensity of
𝜆
light at a point where the path difference is is given by___.
6

(a) 3K/4 (b) 4K/3 (c) 2K/3 (b) 3K/2

1. In Youngs double-slit experiment using monochromatic light of

wavelength λ , the intensity of light at a point on the screen where
path difference is λ , is K units. What is the intensity of light at a
point where path difference is λ /3?
Ans – K/4

363
Optics and EM Waves

Q-18. The interference pattern is obtained with two coherent light

𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑥 + 𝐼𝑚𝑖𝑛 5
sources of intensity ratio 4:1. And the ratio is . Then, the
𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝐼𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑥
value of x will be equal to:

(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d) 1

1. Two coherent sources of light interfere. The intensity ratio of two

sources is 1 : 4. For this interference pattern if the value of
𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑥 + 𝐼𝑚𝑖𝑛 2𝛼+1
is equal to , then α /β will be:
𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝐼𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝛽+3
Ans – 2

364
U Can-Physics

Q-19. Wavelength of light used in an optical instrument are 𝜆1 = 4000

Å and 𝜆2 = 5000 Å, then ratio of their respective resolving powers
(corresponding to 𝜆1 and 𝜆2 ) is

(a) 16: 25 (b) 9: 1 (c) 4: 5 (d) 5: 4

1. The ratio of resolving power of an optical microscope for two

wavelengths λ1 = 4000 Å and λ2 = 6000 Å is Ans – 3/2

365
Optics and EM Waves

Q-20. A parallel plate capacitor has circular plates of area 80 cm 2. It

being charged so that electric field is given by E = 1010 t V/m.
determine displacement current.

(a) 1.7 × 10−4 A (c) 1.5 × 10−4 A

(b) 1.7 × 10−5 A (d) 1.8× 10−4 A

1. A parallel plate capacitor has circular plates of area 100 cm 2. It

being charged so that electric field is given by E = 10 12t V/m.
determine displacement current.
Ans – 8.85 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟐A

366
U Can-Physics

Q-21. A potential difference between plates of a parallel plate

capacitor is given by V = 𝛼 +𝛽t, where 𝛼 and 𝛽 are constant. If the
capacitance is C0, find displacement current.

(a) C0 𝛽 (b) C 𝛽 (c) C0 𝛼 (d) C0 𝛼

1. A potential difference between plates of a parallel plate capacitor

is given by V = 10 +5t volt. If the capacitance is 2μF, find
displacement current.
Ans – 𝟏𝟎−𝟓 A

367
Optics and EM Waves

Q-22. EM waves travel in a medium which has relative permeability

1.3 and relative permittivity 2.14. Then the speed of the EM wave in
the medium will be

(a) 13.6 × 106 m/s (b) 1.8 × 102 m/s

(c) 3.6 × 108 m/s (d) 1.8 × 108 m/s

1. The speed of electromagnetic wave in a medium whose dielectric

constant is 2.25 and relative permeability is 4 , is equal to
Ans – 𝟏𝟎+𝟖 m/s

368
U Can-Physics

Q-23. An earth-orbiting satellite has solar energy collecting panels

with a total area of 5 m2. If the sun’s radiation is perpendicular to the
panel and is completely absorbed, determine the average solar power
absorbed and the average force associated with radiation pressure.
The energy radiated per unit time per unit area is I = 1.4 kW/m 2.

(a) 2.33 × 10−5 N (c) 3 × 10−5 N

(b) 2.5 × 10−3 N (d) 5 × 10−2 N

1. An earth-orbiting satellite has solar energy collecting panels with

a total area of 6m2. If the sun’s radiation is perpendicular to the
panel and is completely absorbed, determine the average solar
power absorbed and the average force associated with radiation
pressure. The energy radiated per unit time per unit area is I = 2
kW/m2. Ans – 4 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟓 N

369
Optics and EM Waves

Q-24. The charge of a parallel plate capacitor is varying as q = 𝑞0 sin

2𝜋𝑣𝑡. The plates are very large and close together. Neglecting edge
effects, the displacement current through the capacitor is
𝑞 𝑞 2𝜋𝑣𝑞
(a) (b) sin 2𝜋𝑣𝑡 (c) 2𝜋𝑣𝑞0 cos 2𝜋𝑣𝑡 (d) cos 2𝜋𝑣𝑡
𝐴𝜀0 𝜀0 𝜀0

1. The charge on a parallel plate capacitor varies as q = q 0 cos (2πνt).

The plates are very large and close to each other (area=A,
separation= d ). The displacement current through the capacitor is
Ans- - 2𝝅𝒗𝒒𝟎 sin 2𝝅𝒗𝒕

370
Graphical Question Optics and EM Waves

MOST IMPORTANT & SELECTED NCERT QUESTION

Attention*
Dear Students all the given NCERT Questions solutions are super easy to understand
so do practice of all questions because each question is highly expected.

1. Light from a point source in air falls on a spherical glass surface (n

= 1.5 and radius of curvature = 20 cm). The distance of the light
source from the glass surface is 100 cm. At what position the
image is formed?

2. Double-convex lenses are to be manufactured from a glass of

refractive index 1.55, with both faces of the same radius of
curvature. What is the radius of curvature required if the focal
length is to be 20cm?

371
U Can-Physics

3. A magician during a show makes a glass lens with n = 1.47

disappear in a trough of liquid. What is the refractive index of the
liquid? Could the liquid be water?

4. A small bulb is placed at the bottom of a tank containing water to a

depth of 80cm. What is the area of the surface of water through
which light from the bulb can emerge out? Refractive index of
water is 1.33. (Consider the bulb to be a point source.)

372
U Can-Physics

5. Find the position of the image formed by the

lens combination given in the Fig.

6. What is the focal length of a convex lens of focal length 30cm in

contact with a concave lens of focal length 20cm? Is the system a
converging or a diverging lens? Ignore thickness of the lenses.

373
U Can-Physics

7. A screen is placed 90cm from an object. The image of the object

on the screen is formed by a convex lens at two different locations
separated by 20cm. Determine the focal length of the lens.

8. A tank is filled with water to a height of 12.5 cm. The apparent depth of a
needle lying at the bottom of the tank is measured by a microscope to be
9.4 cm. What is the refractive index of water? If water is replaced by a
liquid of refractive index 1.63 up to the same height, by what distance
would the microscope have to be moved to focus on the needle again?

374
U Can-Physics

9. In a double-slit experiment the angular width of a fringe is found to

be 0.2° on a screen placed 1 m away. The wavelength of light used
is 600 nm. What will be the angular width of the fringe if the entire
experimental apparatus is immersed in water? Take refractive
index of water to be 4/3.

10. Two towers on top of two hills are 40 km apart. The line joining
them passes 50 m above a hill halfway between the towers. What
is the longest wavelength of radio waves, which can be sent
between the towers without appreciable diffraction effects?

375
U Can-Physics

11. For what distance is ray optics a good approximation when the
aperture is 3 mm wide and the wavelength is 500 nm?

12. A beam of light consisting of two wavelengths, 650 nm and 520

nm, is used to obtain interference fringes in a Young's double-slit
experiment.
(i) Find the distance of the third bright fringe on the screen from
the central maximum for wavelength 650 nm.
(ii) What is the least distance from the central maximum where the
bright fringes due to both the wavelengths coincide?

376
U Can-Physics

13. A parallel beam of light of wavelength 500 nm falls on a narrow

slit and the resulting diffraction pattern is observed on a screen 1 m
away. It is observed that the first minimum is at a distance of 2.5
mm from the centre of the screen. Find the width of the slit.

14. A small telescope has an objective lens of focal length 144cm and
an eyepiece of focal length 6.0cm. What is the magnifying power
of the telescope? What is the separation between the objective and
the eyepiece?

377
U Can-Physics

15. Light with an energy flux of 18 W/cm2 falls on a non- reflecting

surface at normal incidence. If the surface has an area of 20 cm2 ,
find the average force exerted on the surface during a 30-minute
time span.

16. A radio can tune in to any station in the 7.5 MHz to 12 MHz band.
What is the corresponding wavelength band?

378
U Can-Physics

17. A plane electromagnetic wave of frequency 25 MHz travels in free

space along the x-direction. At a particular point in space and time.
E = 6.3 𝑗̂ V/m. What is B at this point?

18. The magnetic field in a plane electromagnetic wave is given by 𝐵𝑦

= (2 × 10−7 ) T sin (0.5 × 10−7 x + 1.5 × 1011 𝑡).
(a) What is the wavelength and frequency of the wave?
(b) Write an expression for the electric field.

379
U Can-Physics

MOST EXPECTED & SELECTED GRAPHICAL QUESTION

1. For a concave mirror, if virtual image is formed, the graph between

m and u is of the form

380
U Can-Physics

2. The graph shows variation of v with change in u for a mirror. Points

plotted above the point P on the curve are for values of v
(a) Smaller then f (b) Smaller then 2f
(b) (c) Larger then 2f (d) Larger then f

3. A graph is plotted between angle of deviation (𝛿) and angle of

incidence (i) for a prism. The nearly correct graph is

381
Formula based Question Optics and EM Waves

DIRECT FORMULA & BASIC CONCEPT BASED QUESTION

Attention*
Dear Students all the given formulae are most repeated and highly expected for NEET &
JEE MAINS so you could not avoid any single formula and question.

𝐟 𝐟−𝐯
Lateral magnification of spherical mirror [𝐦 = = ]
𝐟−𝐮 𝐟

1. A virtual image three times the size of the object is obtained with a concave mirror
of radius of curvature 36 cm. The distance of the object from the mirror is
(a) 5 cm (b) 12 cm (c) 10 cm (d) 20 cm
2. Radius of curvature of concave mirror is 40cm and the size of image is twice as that
of object, then the object distance is
(a) 60 cm (b) 20 cm (c) 40 cm (d) 30 cm
3. A concave mirror gives an image three times as large as the object placed at a distance
of 20 cm from it. For the image to be real, the focal length should be
(a) 10 cm (b) 15 cm (c) 20 cm (d) 30 cm
4. A concave mirror for face viewing has focal length of 0.4 m. The distance at which
you hold the mirror from your face in order to see your image upright with a
magnification of 5 is:
(a) 0.24 m (b) 1.60 m (c) 0.32 m (d) 0.16 m

𝐜 𝐜
Refractive index of medium [𝛍 = ] where; v =
𝐯 √𝛍𝐫 𝛆𝐫

1. A light wave has a frequency of 4 × 1014 Hz and a wavelength of 5 × 10−7 metres

in a medium. The refractive index of the medium is
(a) 1.5 (b) 1.33 (c) 1.0 (d) 0.66
2. A beam of monochromatic blue light of wavelength 4200 Å in air travels in water of
refractive index 4/3. Its wavelength in water will be
(a) 4200 Å (b) 5800 Å (c) 4150 Å (d) 3150 Å
3. If 𝜀0 and 𝜇0 are respectively, the electric permittivity and the magnetic permeability
of free space, 𝜀 and 𝜇 the corresponding quantities in a medium, the refractive index
of the medium is
𝜇𝜀 𝜇𝜀 𝜇0 𝜀0 𝜇𝜇0
(a) √𝜇 (b) (c) √ (d) √
0 𝜀0 𝜇0 𝜀0 𝜇𝜀 𝜀𝜀0

𝟏
Critical angle [𝛉𝐜 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 ( )]
𝛍

1. If the critical angle for total internal reflection from a medium to vacuum is 30°, the
velocity of light in the medium is
(a) 3 × 108 m/s (b) 1.5 × 108 m/s (c) 6 × 108 m/s (d) √3 × 108 m/s
2. Light travels in two media 𝑀1 and 𝑀2 with speeds 1.5 × 108 m𝑠 −1 and 2.0 × 108
m𝑠 −1 respectively. The critical angle between them is:
3 2 3 2
(a) tan−1 ( ) (b) tan−1 ( ) (c) cos −1 ( ) (d) sin−1 ( )
√7 3 4 3
3. A diver at a depth of 12m in water (𝜇 = 4/3) sees the sky in a cone of semi-vertical
angle
(a) sin−1 (4/3) (b) tan−1 (4/3) (c) sin−1 (3/4) (d) 90°
382
U Can-Physics
3
4. A ray of light propagates from glass (refractive index = ) to water (refractive index
2
4
= ). The value of the critical angle
3
1 √8 8 5
(a) sin−1 ( ) (b) sin−1 ( ) (c) sin−1 ( ) (d)sin−1 ( )
2 9 9 7
5. If light travels a distance x in 𝑡1 sec in air and 10 x distance in 𝑡2 sec in a medium,
the critical angle of the medium will be
𝑡 𝑡 10𝑡1 10𝑡1
(a) tan−1 ( 1 ) (b) sin−1 ( 1 ) (c) sin−1 ( ) (d) tan−1 ( )
𝑡2 𝑡2 𝑡2 𝑡2

𝛅 +𝐀
𝐬𝐢𝐧[ 𝐦𝐢𝐧
𝟐
]
For minimum deviation refractive index of prism [𝛍 = ] and
𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝐀
𝟐
)

(𝛅𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟐𝐢 − 𝐀)

1. The refractive index of an equilateral prism is √2. The angle of emergence under
minimum deviation position of prism, in degree, is.
(a) 45° (b) 60° (c) 35° (d) 90°
2. A prism of refractive index 𝜇 and angle of prism A is placed in the position of
minimum angle of deviation. If minimum angle of deviation is also A, then in terms
of refractive index, A= _____.
𝜇 𝜇 𝜇−1 𝜇
(a) 2cos−1 ( ) (b) sin−1 ( ) (c) sin−1 (√ ) (d)cos −1 ( )
2 2 2 2

3. If the refractive index of a material of equilateral prism is √3, then angle of minimum
deviation of the prism is
(a) 30° (b) 45° (c) 60° (d) 75°
4. When a glass prism of refracting angle 60° is immersed in a liquid its angle of
minimum deviation is 30°. The critical angle of glass with respect to the liquid
medium is
(a) 42° (b) 45° (c) 50° (d) 52°
𝐴
5. The refracting angle of prism is A and refractive index of A material of prism is cot .
2
The angle of minimum deviation is
(a) 180°- 3A (b) 180° + 2A (c) 90°- A (d) 180°- 2A

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
Lens maker formula = (𝛍 − 𝟏) [ − ]
𝐟 𝐑𝟏 𝐑𝟐

1. In the figure, an air lens of radii of curvature 10 cm (𝑅1 = 𝑅2

= 10 cm) is cut in a cylinder of glass (𝜇 = 1.5). The focal
length and the nature of the lens is
(a) 15 cm, concave (b) 15 cm, convex
(c) ∞, neither concave nor convex (d) 0, concave

2. The radius of the convex surface of plano-convex lens is 20 cm and the refractive
index of the material of the lens is 1.5. The focal length of the lens is
(a) 30 cm (b) 50 cm (c) 20 cm (d) 40 cm
3. The power of a biconvex lens is 10 diopter and the radius of curvature of each surface
is 10 cm. Then the refractive index of the material of the lens is
(a) 3/2 (b) 4/3 (c) 9/8 (d) 5/3

383
Formula based Question Optics and EM Waves
4. The power of a lens (biconvex) is 1.25 𝑚−1 in particular medium. Refractive index
of the lens is 1.5 and radii of curvature are 20 cm and 40 cm respectively. The
refractive index of surrounding medium:
(a) 1.0 (b) 9/7 (c) 3/2 (d) 4/3
5. Curved surfaces of a plano-convex lens of refractive index 𝜇1 and a plano-
concave lens of refractive index 𝜇2 have equal radius of curvature as shown
in figure. Find the ratio of radius of curvature to the focal length of the
combined lenses.
1 1
(a) (b) 𝜇1 − 𝜇2 (c) (d) 𝜇2 − 𝜇1
𝜇2 − 𝜇1 𝜇 1 − 𝜇2

𝟐𝛍𝐬𝐢𝐧𝛉 𝐝
Resolving power of microscope and telescope [𝐑𝐏 = ] & [𝐑𝐏 = ]
ʎ 𝟏.𝟐𝟐ʎ

1. If the red light is replaced by blue light illuminating the object in a microscope the
resolving power of the microscope
(a) Decreases (b) Increases (c) Gets halved (d)Remains unchanged
2. Wavelength of light used in an optical instrument are 𝜆1 = 4000 Å and 𝜆2 = 5000 Å,
then ratio of their respective resolving power (corresponding to 𝜆1 and 𝜆2 ) is
(a) 16 : 25 (b) 9 : 1 (c) 4 : 5 (d) 5 : 4
3. The diameter of the objective of the telescope is 0.1 metre and wavelength of light is
6000 Å. Its resolving power would be approximately
(a) 7.32 × 10−6 rad (b) 1.36 × 106 rad
(c) 7.32 × 10−5 rad (d) 1.36 × 105 rad

Magnification of compound microscope and telescope for least distance

𝐯𝟎 𝐃 𝐟𝟎 𝐟𝐞
[𝐦 = (𝟏 + )] & [𝐦 = (𝟏 + )]
𝐮𝟎 𝐟𝐞 𝐟𝐞 𝐃

1. A compound microscope has an eye piece of focal length 10 cm and an objective of

focal length 4 cm. Calculate the magnification, if an object is kept at a distance of 5
cm from the objective so that final image is formed at the least distance vision (20
cm)
(a) 12 (b) 11 (c) 10 (d) 13
2. Magnification of a compound microscope is 30. Focal length of eye-piece is 5 cm
and the image is formed at a distance of distinct vision of 25 cm. The magnification
of the objective lens is
(a) 6 (b) 5 (c) 7.5 (d) 10
3. The focal lengths of the objective and eye lenses of a telescope are respectively 200
cm and 5 cm. The maximum magnifying power of the telescope will be
(a) – 40 (b) -48 (c) -60 (d) - 100

𝐃
Magnification for simple microscope [𝐦 = 𝟏 + ]
𝐟

1. The maximum magnification that can be obtained with a convex lens of focal length
2.5 cm is (the least distance of distinct vision is 25 cm)
(a) 10 (b) 0.1 (c) 62.5 (d) 11
2. Least distance of distinct vision is 25 cm. Magnifying power of simple microscope
of focal length 5 cm is
(a) 1/5 (b) 5 (c) 1/6 (d) 6

384
U Can-Physics
3. A simple magnifying lens is used in such a way that an image is formed at 25 cm
away from the eye. In order to have 10 times magnification, the focal length of the
lens should be
(a) 5 cm (b) 2 cm (c) 25 mm (d) 0.1 mm

𝐟
Magnification for astronomical telescope [𝐦 = 𝟎 ] when image at ∞, and length
𝐟𝐞
[L = 𝐟𝟎 +𝐟𝐞 ]

1. An astronomical telescope has objective and eye-piece lens of powers 0.5 D and 20
D respectively, its magnifying power will be
(a) 8 (b) 20 (c) 30 (d) 40
2. An astronomical telescope has an angular magnification of magnitude 5 for distant
objects. The separation between the objective and the eye piece is 36 cm and the final
image is formed at infinity. The focal length 𝑓0 of the objective and the focal length
𝑓𝑒 of the eye piece are
(a) 𝑓0 = 45 cm and 𝑓𝑒 = -9 cm (b) 𝑓0 = 7.2 cm and 𝑓𝑒 = 5 cm
(c) 𝑓0 = 50 cm and 𝑓𝑒 = 10 cm (d) 𝑓0 = 30 cm and 𝑓𝑒 = 6 cm
3. If tube length of astronomical telescope is 105 cm and magnifying power is 20 for
normal setting, calculate the focal length of objective
(a) 100 cm (b) 10 cm (c) 20 cm (d) 25 cm

minimum deviation angle for prism (𝛅𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟐𝐢 − 𝐀)

1. The angle of minimum deviation for a prism is 40° and the angle of the prism is 60°.
The angle of incidence in this position will be
(a) 30° (b) 60° (c) 50° (d) 100°
2. A ray of light passes through an equilateral glass prism in such a manner that the
angle of incidence is equal to the angle of emergence and each of these angles is equal
to 3/4 of the angle of the prism. The angle of deviation is
(a) 45° (b) 39° (c) 20° (d) 30°
3. In an equilateral prism if incident angle is 45° then minimum deviation is
(a) 30° (b) 60° (c) 45° (d) 90°

𝐧ʎ𝐃 (𝟐𝐧−𝟏)ʎ𝐃
Bright Fringe and dark Fringe position in YDSE [𝐲 = ] & [𝐲 = ]
𝐝 𝟐𝐝

1. In Young's double slit experiment, the distance between the slits is 1 mm and that
between slit and screen is 1 meter and 10th fringe is 5 mm away from the central
bright fringe, then wavelength of light used will be
(a) 5000 Å (b) 6000 Å (c) 7000 Å (d) 8000 Å
2. In a Young's experiment, two coherent sources are placed 0.90 mm apart and the
fringes are observed one metre away. If it produces the second dark fringe at a
distance of 1 mm from the central fringe, the wavelength of monochromatic light
used would be
(a) 60 × 10−4 cm (b) 10 × 10−4 cm (c) 10 × 10−5 cm (d) 6 × 10−5 cm
3. Two slits are separated by a distance of 0.5 mm and illuminated with light of 𝜆 =6000
Å. If the screen is placed 2.5 m from the slits. The distance of the third bright fringe
from the centre will be
(a) 1.5 mm (b) 3 mm (c) 6 mm (d) 9 mm

385
Formula based Question Optics and EM Waves
4. Interference fringes are observed on a screen by illuminating two thin slits 1 mm
apart with a light source ( λ = 632.8 nm). The distance between the screen and the
slits is 100 cm. If a bright fringe is observed on a screen at a distance of 1.27 mm
from the central bright fringe, then the path difference between the waves, which are
reaching this point from the slits is close to:
(a) 1.27 µm (b) 2.87 nm (c) 2 nm (d) 2.05 µm

ʎ ʎ ʎ
Angular width of Fringe in YDSE [𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 = or 𝛉 = and 𝛉= (2n-1)
𝐝]
for dark fringe
𝐝 𝟐𝐝

1. In Young's double slit experiment with sodium vapor lamp of wavelength 589 nm
and the slits 0.589 mm apart, the half angular width of the central maximum is
(a) 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 0.01 (b) 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 0.000 (c) 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 0.001 (d) 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 0.1
2. In Young's double slit experiment, angular width of fringes is 0.20° for sodium light
of wavelength 5890 Å. If complete system is dipped in water, then angular width of
fringes becomes
(a) 0.11° (b) 0.15° (c) 0.22° (d) 0.30°
3. In Young's double slit experiment, distance between two sources is 0.1 mm. The
distance of screen from the sources is 20 cm. Wavelength of light used is 5460 Å.
Then angular position of the first dark fringe is
(a) 0.08° (b) 0.16° (c) 0.20° (d) 0.313°

ʎ𝐃
Fringe width in YDSE [𝛃 =
𝐝]

1. In a Young's double slit experiment, the fringe width is found to be 0.4 mm. If the
whole apparatus is immersed in water of refractive index 4/3 without disturbing the
geometrical arrangement, the new fringe width will be
(a) 0.30 mm (b) 0.40 mm (c) 0.53 mm (d) 450 micron
2. In two separate set - ups of the Young's double slit experiment, fringes of equal width
are observed when lights of wavelengths in the ratio 1 : 2 are used. If the ratio of the
slit separation in the two cases is 2: 1, the ratio of the distances between the plane of
the slits and the screen in the two set-ups is
(a) 4 : 1 (b) 1 : 1 (c) 1 : 4 (d) 2 : 1
3. In Young's double slit experiment, the distance between sources is 1 mm and distance
between the screen and source is 1 m. If the fringe width on the screen is 0.06 cm,
then λ =
(a) 6000 Å (b) 4000 Å (c) 1200 Å (d) 2400 Å
4. In Young's double slit experiment, the fringe width is 12 mm. If the entire
4
arrangement is placed in water of refractive index , then the fringe width becomes
3
3' (in mm):
(a) 16 (b) 9 (c) 48 (d) 12
5. Using Young's double slit experiment, a monochromatic light of wavelength 5000 Å
produces fringes of fringe width 0.5 mm. If another monochromatic light of
wavelength 6000Å is used and the separation between the slits is doubled, then the
new fringe width will be:
(a) 0.5 mm (b) 1.0 mm (c) 0.6 mm (d) 0.3 mm

386
U Can-Physics

Brewster’s angle [𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒊𝒑 = 𝛍]

1. The angle of polarization for any medium is 60°, what will be critical angle for this
1
(a) sin−1 √3 (b) tan−1 √3 (c) cos −1 √3 (d) sin−1
√3
2. When the angle of incidence on a material is 60°, the reflected light is completely
polarized. The velocity of the refracted ray inside the material is (in m𝑠 −1 )
3
(a) 3 × 108 (b) ( ) × 10−5 (c) √3 × 108 (d) 0.5 × 108
√2
3. The Brewster angle for the glass-air interface is 54.74°. If a ray of light going from
air to glass strikes at an angle of incidence 45°, then the angle of refraction is (Hint:
tan 54.74°= √2)
(a) 60° (b) 30° (c) 25° (d) 54.74°

387