1 ATOMS

EXERCISE–3: Achievers Section

1. Hydrogen (1H1), Deuterium (1H2), singly ionised Sol. The largest wavelength in the ultraviolet region of the
Hydrogen spectrum lies in the Lyman series,
Helium (2He4)+ and doubly ionised lithium (3Li6)+ +
1  1 1 
all have one electron around the nucleus. Consider an  R 2  2 
  n1 n 2 
electron transition from n = 2 to n = 1. If the wave
Now, for the ultraviolet spectrum, the transition of an
lengths of emitted radiation are 1,   , 3 and  4
electron from n1  2 to n2  1
respectively then approximately which one of the
1  1
following is correct ? Therefore,   R 1  
122  4
(a) 1  22  23   4
where,   122 nm (given)
(b) 1  2  43  9 4
4
(c) 1  2 2  33  4 4 R  …… (1)
366
(d) 41  2 2  23  4 Now, the smallest wavelength in the infrared region
Ans. (b) corresponds to the maximum energy of the Paschen
Sol. The atomic number of Hydrogen is one, Deuterium series of the Hydrogen spectrum. Maximum energy
is one, Helium is two, and Lithium is three. corresponds to the transition of an electron from
Now, according to Rydberg’s formula, n1   to n2  3
1  1 1  1 1 1  R
 RZ 2  2  2  Therefore,  R   
 n
 1 n 2  ' 9  9
Where, n1  1 and n 2  2 (given) Now, put the value of R from equation (1), we get;
Now for the Hydrogen atom, 9  366
 '   823 nm
1 2 1 1  3R 4
 R 1  2  2  
1 1 2  4
3. Suppose an electron is attracted towards the origin by
1 2 1 1  3R
For Deuterium,  R 1  2  2   a force k/r, where k is a constant and r is the distance
2 1 2  4 of the electron from the origin. By applying Bohr
th
1 2 1 1 model to this system, the radius of the n orbital of
For Helium,  R  2  2  2   3R
3 1 2  the electron is found to be rn and the kinetic energy of

1 2 1 1  27R the electron to be Tn. Then which of the following is

For Lithium,  R  3  2  2  
4 1 2  4 true
1
4 4 1 4 (a) Tn  2 , rn  n 2
Therefore, 1  , 2  , 3  , 4  n
3R 3R 3R 9  3R 
(b) Tn is independent of n, rn  n
Hence, 1  2  43  9 4
1
(c) Tn , rn  n
n
2. The largest wavelength in the ultraviolet region of the 1
hydrogen spectrum is 122 nm. The smallest (d) Tn  , rn  n 2
n
wavelength in the infrared region of the hydrogen
Ans. (b)
spectrum (to the nearest integer) is
k
(a) 802 nm (b) 823 nm Sol. Attractive Force on an electron is
r
(c) 1882 nm (d) 1648 nm
Now, this is balanced by centrifugal force on an
Ans. (b)
mv2
electron, F 
r
2 ATOMS

k mv2 Ans. (a)

Therefore,   mv 2  k Sol. Correct option is A. in general to any of the states with
r r
where, k is constant. lower energy.
A set of atoms in an excited state decays in general to
1
The kinetic energy of the electron, Tn  mv 2 any of the states with lower energy which is more
2
stable than the excited state.
Therefore, T is independent of n.
Now, the angular momentum, L  mvr , and
6. The simple Bohr model cannot be directly applied to
angular momentum according to Bohr’s model,
calculate the energy levels of an atom with many
nh electrons. This is because
L
2 (a) of the electrons not being subject to a central force
nh (b) of the electrons colliding with each other
Equating both the equation,  mvr 
2 (c) of screening effects
Therefore, r  n (d) the force between the nucleus and an electron will
 is constant no longer be given by Coulomb’s law
Ans. (a)
Therefore, the kinetic energy of the electron,
Sol. The simple Bohr model cannot be directly applied to
1
Tn  mv 2 calculate energy levels of an atom with many
2
electrons. This is because all the electrons in the atoms
Therefore, T is independent of n.
are not being subjected to one single central force
Each electron will not only interact with positively
4. n the Bohr’s model of a hydrogen atom, the centripetal
charged nucleus (which provides the central force) but
force is furnished by the Coulomb attraction between
also with the other electrons (i.e. we must take
the proton and the electron. If a0 is the radius of the
electron-electron interaction). and hence electrons are
ground state orbit, m is the mass, e is the charge on
not subject to central force.
electron and ε 0 is the permittivity of free space, the
speed of the electron is 7. An electron moves in a circular orbit at a distance from
e a proton with kinetic energy E. To escape to infinity,
(a) (b) zero
0a 0 m the minimum energy which must be supplied to the
electron is
e 40 a 0 m (a) E (b) 2E
(c) (d)
4 0 a 0 m e
(c) 0.5E (d) E 2
Ans. (c) Ans. (a)
Sol. We can write the expression for the circular motion of Sol. If kinetic energy is E, then total energy will be −E, i.e.
electron around the nucleus energy E must be supplied to the electron to escape to
Felectrostatic  Fcentripetal infinity.
1 e 2 mv 2
  8. If an particle of mass m, charge q and velocity v is
4 0 a02 a0
incident on a nucleus of charge Q and mass m, then the
1 e2
 v2  distance of closest approach is
4 0 ma0
Qq Qq
e (a) (b)
 v 40 m 2
20 mv 2
4 0 a0 m
Qqmv 2 Qq
(c) (d)
2 mv 2
5. A set of atoms in an excited state decay
Ans. (b)
(a) In general, to any of the states with lower energy
Sol. According to the question,
(b) into a lower state only when excited by an external
For the distance of closest approach kinetic energy will
electric field
totally be converted to potential energy.
(c) all together simultaneously into a lower state
(d) to emit photons only when they collide
ATOMS 3

1 1 Qq Qq (c) three (d) four

Hence, mv 2   r0 
2 40 r0 20 mv 2 Ans. (c)
Sol. Final energy of electron = −13.6 + 12.1= −1.51 eV
This energy corresponds to third level, i.e. n = 3
9. In a hypothetical Bohr hydrogen, the mass of the
Hence, number of spectral lines emitted
electron is doubled. The energy E0 and radius r0 of the
first orbit will be (a0 is the Bohr radius) n(n  1) 3(3  1)
  3
(a) E0 = – 27.2 eV, r0 = a0 /2 2 2
(b) E0 = – 27.2 eV, r0 = a0
(c) E0 = –13.6 eV r0 = a0 /2 13. The acceleration of electron in the first orbit of
(d) E0 = – 13.6 eV, r0 = a0 hydrogen atom is
Ans. (a) 4 2 m h3
(a) (b)
1 h3 42 mr
Sol. E  m and r
m h3 m2 h 2
i.e. energy will become two times and radius will (c) (d)
4 m 2 r 3
2
42 r 3
become half. Ans. (c)
Hence, E0 = 2 (− 13.6) = − 27.2 eV and r0 = a0 /2
h
Sol. As, mvr  (in first orbit)
2
10. When an electron in hydrogen atom is excited, from its
4th to 5th stationary orbit, the change in angular h 2 h3
  a   2 2 3
momentum of electron is (take, Planck’s constant, h = 2mr r 4 m r
6.6 × 10− 34 J-s)
(a) 4.16 × 10−34 J-s (b) 3.32 × 10−34 J-s 14. The ratio of the wavelength for n(2 to 1) transition in
(c) 1.05 × 10−34 J-s (d) 5.25 × 10−34 J-s Li++, He+ and H is
Ans. (c) (a) 1:2 :3 (b) 1: 4: 9
Sol. Change in the angular momentum, (c) 4: 9 :36 (d) 3 :2 :1
n h nh Ans. (c)
L  L n 2  L n1  2  1
2 2 1  1 1  1
Sol.  RZ2  2  2     2
h 6.6 10 34   n1 n 2  Z
L  (n 2  n1 )  (5  4)
2 2  3.14 1 1 1 1 1 1
 Li :  He :  H  : :  : :  4 : 9 : 36
 1.05  1034 J  s 32 2 2 12 9 4 1

11. The electron in a hydrogen atom makes a transition 15. The ratio between acceleration of the electron in singly
from n = n1 to n = n2 state. The time-period of the ionised helium atom and doubly ionised lithium atom
electron in the initial state (n1) is eight times that in the (both in ground state) is
final state (n2). The possible values of n1 and n2 are 4 27
(a) (b)
(a) n1 = 8, n2 = 1 (b) n1 = 2, n2 = 1 9 8
(c) n1 = 2, n2 = 4 (d) n1 = 1, n2 = 8 8 9
Ans. (b) (c) (d)
27 4
Sol. In a hydrogen atom the time-period is given by T  n 3 Ans. (c)
3 3
T1  n1  8 n  n 2 2 (Z2 )
    1   1  Sol. a or a 
T2  n 2  1  n2  n2 1 r (1/ Z)
Thus, the values must be n1 = 2 and n2 = 1.  a  Z3
For singly ionised helium atom, Z = 2
12. Ionisation potential of hydrogen atom is 13.6 V. and doubly ionised lithium atom, Z = 3
Hydrogen atoms in the ground state are excited by a He (2)3 8
monochromatic radiation of photon energy 12.1 eV   3 
q Li (3) 27
The spectral lines emitted by hydrogen atoms
according to Bohr’s theory will be
(a) one (b) two
4 ATOMS

16. When an electron jumps from the orbit n = 2 to n = 4, 19. An a-particle accelerated through V volt is fired
then wavelength of the radiations absorbed will be (R towards a nucleus. Its distance of closest approach is r.
is Rydberg’s constant) If a proton accelerated through the same potential is
16 16 fired towards the same nucleus, the distance of closest
(a) (b)
3R 5R approach of proton will be
5R 3R (a) r (b) 2r
(c) (d) r r
16 16 (c) (d)
Ans. (a) 2 4
Sol. Wavelength is given by Ans. (a)
Sol. For a-particle, at distance of closest approach, then
1  1 1 
 R 2  2  decrease in KE = Increase in PE
 n
 1 n 2 
1 2e  Ze
2eV   2
1  1 1  40 r
 R 2  2
  (2) (4)   Ze  40 r 2 V ...(i)
1 1 1  1  4 1  For proton, if r1 be the distance of closest approach
  R     R 
  4 16    16  Decrease in KE = Increase in PE
1 3R 16 1
   R12  (Ze)
 16 3R 40 V
1
17. de-Broglie wavelength of an electron in the nth Bohr   4 0 r 2 V [from Eq.(i)]
40 V
orbit of hydrogen atom is ln and the angular momentum
is Jn, then  R12  r 2
1  R1  r
(a) J n  n (b)  n 
Jn
(c)  n  J 2n (d) None of these 20. In figure the energy levels of the hydrogen atom have
been shown along with some transitions marking A, B,
Ans. (a)
C. The transitions A, B, and C respectively, represents
h h 1
Sol.   or  
p mv v
h
 n  n Jn  n
2
i.e. J n  n
Hence, J n   n
(a) the first member of the Lyman series, third member
18. The recoil momentum of H-atom due to the transition of Balmer series and second member of Paschen series
of an electron from n = 4 state to n = 1 state is (b) the ionisation potential of H, second member of
(a) 13.6 × 10−19 kg ms−1 Balmer series and third member of Paschen series
(b) 6.8 × 10−27 kg ms−1 (c) the series limit of Lyman series, second member of
(c) 12.75 × 10−24 kg ms−1 Balmer series and second member of Paschen series
(d) 9.86 × 10−18 kg ms−1 (d) the series limit of Lyman series, third member of
Ans. (b) Balmer series and second member of Paschen series
Ans. (d)
 13.6 13.6 
Sol. E 41   2   eV  12.75 eV Sol. The transition marked as A represents series limit of
 1 16 
Lyman series, B represents third member of Balmer
Momentum of hydrogen atom = Momentum of photon
series and C represents second member of Paschen
E 12.75 1.6 1019 series.
   6.8 1027 kg  ms 1
c 3.0 108