ODISHA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND
RESEARCH, BHUBANESWAR
Digital Simulation Lab
Project Report-2
Submitted to: Submitted by :
Mrs. Debabandana Apta Name : Subhranshu Mallick
Dr. Gyanesh Das Regd no.: 2211100405
Department of Branch : E&I
Electronics & Instrumentation Section: A2
School of Electronics Sciences Semester : 6th
1. Title :- Home Automation System Simulation Using Arduino and
Proteus
2. Objective
The main objectives of this project are:
• To automatically control a fan and a light (bulb) based on serial
communication commands.
• To simulate a home automation system where devices are operated
remotely using a microcontroller (Arduino).
• To display the status of the appliances (ON/OFF) on a 16x2 LCD
display.
3. Components Required
• Arduino Uno
• 16x2 LCD Display (LM016L)
• Relay Modules (RL1, RL2) – 5V
• 12V Bulb (L1)
• 12V DC Fan (Motor Symbol)
• Virtual Terminal (Serial Monitor in Proteus)
• NPN Transistors (for driving relays if needed)
• Flyback Diodes (optional)
• Pull-down Resistors
• Breadboard and jumper wires
• 12V and 5V regulated Power Supply
4. Software Required
• Proteus Design Suite (for digital simulation and testing)
• Arduino IDE (for coding and generating the .hex ile)
5. Theory
Home Automation refers to the control of household appliances
automatically or remotely using electronic systems. In this project, a basic
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home automation setup is implemented where two devices — a Fan and a
Light (Bulb) — are controlled through serial commands sent via a Virtual
Terminal.
An Arduino Uno acts as the central controller. Based on the received
command characters, it operates relay modules that switch ON or OFF the
respective appliances. Feedback is provided through an LCD screen, where
the current status (Fan ON, Bulb OFF, etc.) is displayed.
This simulation demonstrates the concept of serial communication,
electromechanical control using relays, and display interfacing with a
microcontroller, important foundations for smart home systems.
Explanation of Components
• Arduino Uno: A microcontroller board that reads serial commands,
controls relays, and updates the LCD.
• 16x2 LCD Display: Displays the real-time ON/OFF status of the
appliances.
• Relay Modules (RL1, RL2): Electrically operated switches that control
the fan and bulb based on Arduino signals.
• Virtual Terminal: Acts as a serial monitor to send control commands
to Arduino during simulation.
• Bulb and Fan: Simulate actual home appliances operated through
relay switching.
• Power Supplies: 5V for Arduino and control circuits, 12V for the fan
and bulb.
Working Principle
The working of the Home Automation System is based on the concept of
serial communication between the user and the microcontroller (Arduino
Uno), combined with relay-based switching control for appliances.
Initially, the Arduino Uno initializes the LCD module for displaying system
status and starts serial communication at a standard baud rate (9600 bps). A
continuous loop is run inside the Arduino program where it listens for
incoming characters from the Virtual Terminal.
When a character is received:
• If the character is 'b', the Arduino sets the respective digital output pin
HIGH, activating the relay connected to the bulb. This closes the relay's
Normally Open (NO) contact, allowing 12V supply to energize the bulb
and turn it ON. Simultaneously, the LCD is updated to show "Bulb ON".
• If the character is 'c', the Arduino sets the same output pin LOW,
deactivating the relay and switching OFF the bulb. The LCD then displays
"Bulb OFF".
• Similarly, when the character 'f' is received, the Arduino activates another
relay connected to the fan, turning it ON. The LCD shows "Fan ON".
• When the character 'g' is received, the fan is switched OFF by deactivating
its relay, and "Fan OFF" is displayed on the LCD.
The control of relays allows the Arduino to handle high-power devices like a
bulb and fan, which operate at 12V, while the Arduino itself works safely at
5V logic levels. Relays provide electrical isolation between the low-voltage
control side and the high-voltage load side, ensuring safe operation.
Throughout the operation, the Virtual Terminal displays the characters
typed and shows acknowledgment responses, thereby providing dual
feedback — both visually on the LCD and textually on the terminal window.
6. Steps for Simulation
In Arduino IDE
• A new Arduino sketch is created.
• The LiquidCrystal library is included.
• Serial communication is initialized at 9600 bps using
Serial.begin(9600).
• Code is written to read incoming characters and control output pins
accordingly.
• The appliance status is updated on the LCD.
• The code is veri ied and compiled.
• The .hex ile is generated by exporting the compiled binary.
In Proteus
• The Proteus Design Suite is opened and a new project is created.
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• Arduino Uno, LCD display, relays, virtual terminal, fan, and bulb are
placed.
• Connections are made as per the schematic:
o Arduino outputs connected to relay control pins.
o Relays wired to appliances and power supplies.
• The compiled .hex ile is loaded into the Arduino module.
• Simulation is started.
• Commands (b, c, f, g) are sent via the Virtual Terminal.
• The operation of the appliances and LCD updates are observed.
7. Arduino IDE Code
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8. Observations
Virtual Terminal display.
9. Conclusion
The project successfully demonstrates a basic Home Automation System
using Arduino and Proteus simulation. Appliances like fans and bulbs are
controlled remotely through serial communication. The system effectively
showcases concepts such as serial interfacing, relay operation,
microcontroller-based control, and LCD feedback.
It lays the foundation for developing more advanced home automation
and IoT-based applications.
