PROBABILITY EXERCISES

1. Suppose that A and B are two events of a sample space S, such that:
P(A) = 0.6
P(B) = 0.4 P(AՈB) = 0.2
Calculate:

a. P (A U B)

P(A U B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A ∩ B)

P(A U B) = 0.6 + 0.4 - 0.2 = 0.8

b. P (A∩B)
The intersection is given in the statement of the exercise, so the result

P (A ∩ B) = 0.2

30% of the inhabitants of a large city watch the TV news.

of the
Tomorrow, 40% watch the evening news and 10% attend both.
news broadcasts.
A person is chosen at random from this city; find the probability that:

a. Watch the morning or evening news.

P(A U B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A∩B)

P (A U B) = 30% + 40% - 10%
P (A U B) = 60%

Neither of the two is present.

40%

c. Attend the morning news since you attend the evening one
10%
.

A= Morning News
P(A) = 30%
Tomorrow N-night
B= Night News
P(B) = 40%
10% 30%
20% P(A intersection B) = 10%

Oh 40%
3. Let A and B be two events such that P(A) = 1/4, P(B) = 1/2 and P(A|B) = 1/4
Say whether the following statement is true or false: A and B are independent.

R/ They are independent since

P (A/B) = P(A)
that is, the probability of event A occurring, conditioned on
that event B has previously occurred, is exactly the same as the
probability of A.

4. A box contains 10 white balls, 5 black balls, and 5 red balls. Two are drawn.
consecutively drawn balls from the box. Calculate the probability that both are
whites yes:
Before extracting the second ball, the first one is put back into the box.

The second ball is drawn without having put the first one in the box.

5. A wallet contains 2 silver coins and 3 copper coins, and another contains 4
of silver and 3 of copper. If a wallet is chosen randomly and a coin is drawn.
What is the probability that it is silver?

6. From a urn with 4 white balls and 2 black balls, they are drawn at random,
successively and without replacement, two balls
a. What is the probability that the drawn balls are white?
 B = event take out white ball
P(B1B24/6·3/5 = 12/30 = 6/15

b. If the second ball has turned out to be black, what is the probability of
that the first one was too?

Since this is about posterior probability, we have to use the theorem of

Bayes

Let N = event of drawing a black ball

P(N1/ N2) = P( N1 ∩ N2 ) / P( N2 ) = P( N1 ∩ N2 ) / P( N1 ∩ N1 ) + P( N1 ∩ N2 ) =
(2/6·1/5) / (4/6·2/5) + (2/6·1/5) = 2/10 = 1/5

7. In a study conducted at a certain University, it has been determined that a

20% of their students do not use public transport to get to their
classes and that 65% of the students use public transport
They also use the university dining hall. Calculate the probability that
a randomly selected student at that University turns out to be a user of
the public transport and the university cafeteria. Justify the response.

8. The probability that a student passes Mathematics is 0.6, the probability that
the probability of passing Language is 0.5 and the probability of passing both is 0.2. Find:

a) The probability of passing at least one of the two subjects.

P (M U L) = P(M) + P(L) - P (M∩L)

P (M U L) = 0.6 + 0.5 - 0.2
P (M U L) = 0.9

b) The probability that I will not pass any.

) = 1 - P (M U L)
= 1 - 0.9 = 0.1

c) The probability of passing Mathematics and not Language

=>0.4

DATA:

M L P(M)=0,6
P(L)=0,5

0.4 0.2 0.3 P(MOL)=0.2

0.1

A warehouse receives orders for certain items from three different suppliers.
P1, P2y P350% of the total is purchased from P.1while P2and P3to him
buy 25% from each one. The percentage of items in poor condition that
it comes from P1, P2y P3is 5, 10, and 12% respectively. If the articles are
they store without
Import who the supplier is and choose one at random:
a. Determine the probability that it is defective

b. If it is defective, what is the probability that it was dispatched by

the provider P3?

10. If a set A has five elements, how many pairs can be formed?
with the Elements of A?
Data:

x=5
a=2

Applying the equation:

11. The board of directors of companies A, B, and C consists of five members.

How many possible ways can one choose a president, vice president, and
secretary?
If we assume that no candidate is repeated in each triplet and that
anyone can hold any position, it's a matter of
combinations without repetition. Let m elements (5) taken from n (3) in n.
expression is:

In a Statistics class, there are 30 students. 24 men and 6 women.

In how many different ways can a committee of four be formed?
students? How many ways if there must be two women on the committee?
You need to use the combination formula:

It is the number of different ways you can choose 'r' elements from a
group of "n" elements
Committee formed by 4 students with 2 women:
Ways to choose 2 men:

Ways to choose 2 women:

Ways to choose the committee:

13. A television receiver distributor accepts a shipment of 15

if in a sample of four receptors none are defective.
What is the probability that I will accept the shipment if it contains 3 receivers?
defective?

The probability of drawing the first element and it working is

from:

The probability of drawing the second element and it working

is from:
 The third attempt the probability of drawing an element that
function is of:

In the fourth and final attempt, it is

Finally, the probability you are looking for is the multiplication of the
probabilities of the 4 previous events:

The probability that he/she will accept that shipment is 36%

A car dealership receives a shipment of 20 new cars.

Among these,
two have defects. The agency decides to randomly select two
automobiles between 20 and accept boarding if neither of the two
selected vehicles have defects. What is the probability of accepting the
boarding?
We have 20 cars of which 2 have defects, so 18
they have no defects, the probability that the first vehicle does not have
defects is

Now we have 19 vehicles of which 2 are defective.

that 17 are not, the probability that the second vehicle does not
has defects

Therefore, the probability that no vehicle has defects is

 The probability is 80.5% that the shipment will be accepted.

15. Out of 20 fuel tanks manufactured for the shuttle

out of three, three are defective. If selected randomly
four tanks: A) What is the probability that none of the tanks
find defective?
B) What is the probability that one of the tanks has defects?

16. A committee of five students will be chosen from seven final year students.
Year and six of the penultimate year Calculate the number of such commissions, if it must

container
Exactly three final year students.
At least three senior students.

17. In a club there are 15 members, three of whom are women and their names are
X, Y, and Z. A committee of three members is chosen at random. What is the probability?
that the three women are included in the board?

The 3 women should be at the meeting.

18. The probability that a satellite, after placing it in orbit,
function of
The appropriate way is 0.9, suppose that five of these are placed in orbit.
and operate independently.

a) What is the probability that at least 80% works?

adequately?

19. It is suspected that due to human error, it has been included in a shipment of
50 units or more are defective. The manufacturer acknowledges the error and sends to
customer only 48 units. before receiving the shipment, the customer selects
randomly five units and find one defective. What is the
probability of getting a defective unit in the sampled taken?

20. If A and B are two events such that:

1- )
) = 1-1/4
= 0.75

21. Two events have probabilities 0.4 and 0.5. Knowing that they are
independent, calculate the probability that neither of the two occurs.

P(none occurs) = 1 - 0.9 = 0.1

22. Let A and B be two events such that P(A) = 1 / 4, P(B) = 1 / 2 and P(A|B) = 1 / 4
State whether the following relationship is true or false: A and B are independent.

A and B are independent if and only if P(A∩B) = P(A)P(B).

23. In a group of students, 15% study German, 30% study
French and 10% both subjects.
a. Are the events studying German and studying French independent?

If they are independent as shown in the diagram.

b. If a student is chosen at random, calculate the probability that not

I studied French or German.

65% did not study French or German

F A

20 10 5
%

Ω 65

24. A study conducted at a certain university has determined that a

20% of their students do not use public transport to attend their classes.
classes and that 65% of the students use public transport
they also use the university cafeteria. Calculate the probability that
randomly selected a student at that University turns out to be a user of
public transport and the university cafeteria. Justify the answer.
25. The probability that a student passes Mathematics is 0.6, the probability that
the probability that passing Language is 0.5 and the probability of passing both is 0.2. Find:

a) The probability of passing at least one of the two subjects.

P (M U L) = P(M) + P(L) - P (M∩L)

P (M U L) = 0.6 + 0.5 - 0.2
P (M U L) = 0.9

b) The probability of not passing any.

) = 1-P (M U L)
= 1 - 0.9 = 0.1

c) The probability that Mathematics is approved and Language is not.

0.4

M L

0.4 0.2 0.3

Ω 0.1