Assignment on satatistics
Submitted to:
Sir Noor sb
Submitted by:
(10-TE-09)
Bahudin zakriya university multan
Assignment.3
Probability
Question.1 A box contains six blue ink pens and four red ink pens. In how many ways can
three pens be drawn in order to get at least one blue ink pen?
Solution:
Blue (6), Red (4) ,total (10) ,Draw (3)
n(S) =10C3 = 10!/3! 7! =120
Lets A be the event n(A) = 6C3= 6!/3! 3! = 20
Probability of A = P(A) = n(A)/n(S)= 20/120 = 10/60 =1/6
So P(A)= 1/6
Question.2 Out of 12 eggs in a refrigerator, 2 are rotten. From these 12 eggs, 4 eggs are
selected at random to make a cake. What are the probabilities that
(i) Exactly one is rotten.
(ii) At least one is rotten
Solution:
Total eggs = 12
Rotten eggs =2
Selected= 4
n(S)= 12C4 = 12!/4! 8! =495
Lets A be the event that exactly one is rotten.
n(A) = 2C1 * 10C3
= 2!/1! 1! * 10!/3! 7! = 240
Probability of A = n(A)/n(S) =240/495 =16/33
Lets B be tge event that not exactly but at least one egg is rotten.
n(B)=2C1 * 10C3 * 2C2 * 10C2
= 2!/1! 1! * 10!/10! 7!+2!/2! 0! * 10!/10! 8!
= 240 + 45 = 285
Probability of B= P(B) = n(B)/n(S) = 285/495= 19/33
.
Question.3 The Board of Directors of a company consists of 8 men and 4 women. A 4 member
committee is to be chosen at random from the Board:
(i) What is the probability that all 4 members of the committee will be women?
(ii) What is the probability that all 4 members of the committee will be men?
Solution:
Men Women Total selected
8 4 12 9
n(S) = 12C4 =12!/12! 8! = 495
Lets all members willnbe women
n(A) = 4C4 * 8C0 = 1
Probability of A = P(A)=n(A)/n(S) = 1/495
Lets B be the event that all will be men
n(B) = 8C4 * 4C0
= 8!/4! 4! =70
Probability of B = P(B)= n(B)/n(S) = 70/495 = 14/99
Question.4 The names of 4 men and 6 women are written on slips of paper and placed in a
box. Four names are drawn. What is the probability that 2 are men and 2 are women.
Solution:
Men Women Total selected
4 6 10 4
n(S) = 10C4 = 10!/4! 6! = 210
Lets A be the event that 2 men and 2 women.
n(A) = 4C2 * 6C2
= 6 * 15 = 90
Probability of A = P(A) = n(A)/n(S) = 90/210 =3/7
Question.5 A sample survey conducted in a city shows that the probabilities are 0.87, 0.36
and 0.29 that a family randomly chosen will own a colour T.V set, a black-and-white T.V. set, or
both, respectively. What is the probability that such a family will own at least one of the two
kinds of set
Question.6 Show that in a single throw with two die, the chance of throwing more than 7 is
equal to that of throwing less than7.
Solution:
Sample space
(1,1) (1.2) (1,3) (1,4) (1,5) (1,6)
(2,1) (2,2) (2,3) (2,4) (2,5) (2,6)
(3,1) (3,2) (3,3) ( 3,4) (3,5) (3,6)
(4,1) ( 4,2) (4,3) (4,4) (4,5) (4,6)
(5,1) (5,2) (5,3) (5,4) (5,5) (5,6)
(6,1) (6,2) (6,3) (6,4) (6,5) (6,6)
n(S) = 36
Lets A be the event that throwing more than 7 is equal to throwing less than 7.
n(A) = 15
P(A)= n(A)/n(S) = 15/36
Probability of A = probability of B
P(B)= n(B)/n(S) =15/36
Question.7 A company has 7 directors. In how many ways can the following be selected:
i) Chairman, MD, Executive Director
ii) 3 members to form a sub-committee
Solution:
Total director= 9
Lets A be the event that selection is chairman, MD, executive director. 9P3 = 9!/6! = 504
Lets B is the event that 3 members are selected for sub- Committee = 6p3= 6!/3!= 120
Question.8 In a group of 12 international referees, there are three from Africa, four from Asia
and five from Europe. To officiate at a tournament, three referees are chosen at random from the
group. Find the probability that:
(i) A referee is chosen from each Continent.
(ii) Two referees are chosen from Asia.
(iii) All the three referees are chosen from the same Continent.
Solution:
n( A) =12C3 = 12!/3! 9! = 220
Lets A be the event that a referee is chosen from each continent.
n(A) = 3C1 + 4C1 + 5C1 = 3 + 4 + 5= 12
P(A) = n(A)/n(S) = 112/220 =
Lets be B the event that two are chosen from asia.
n(B) = 4C2 * 3C1 + 4C2 * 5C1 = 4 * 3 + 6 * 5 = 48
P(B) = n(B)/n(S) = 48/220 = 12/55
Lets C be the event that all 3 from same continent.
n(C) = 4C3 + 3C3 +5C3 = 4 +1 +10 =15
p(C)= n(C)/n(A) = 15/220= 3/44
Question.9 Suppose a box consists of 15 items, 10 of which are acceptable. 4 items are
selected. What is the probability that exactly 3 are acceptable?
Solution:
n(S) = 15C4 = 15!/15! 11! = 1365
Lets A be the event that 3 are acceptable.
n(A) = 10C3 * 5C1 = 10!/10! (10-3)! * 5 = 600
P(A) = n(A)/n(S)= 600/1365 =40/91
Question.10 In the cafeteria of BZU Multan 40% takes Coca-Cola, 50% takes Pepsi-Cola and
25% takes both. If a person is selected, find the probability he/she takes either Coca-Cola or
Pepsi-Cola.
Solution:
Coke Pepsi both Total
40 50 25 115
n(s) = 15
event A is he /she takes either coke or pepsi.
n(A)= 40C1 * 50 C1 *= 40 +50 = 90
n(A)= 90/115
Question.11 In a group of 20 adults, 4 out of 7 women and 2 out of the 13 men wear glasses.
What is the probability that a person chosen at random from the group is a woman or someone
who wear glasses?
Solution:
n(S) =20
P(AnB)= n(AnB)/n(S)=6/20
P(AUB) = P(A) +P(B) P(AnB)
=1/2 + 13/20 6/20 = 9/20
Question.12 A class contains 20 boys and 30 girls of which half the boys and half the girls
have blue eyes. Find the probability that a person selected at random is a boy or has blue eyes.
Solution:
Girls Boys Total
30 20 50
n(S)=50
Let A is a event that person is a boy.
n(A)=20
P(A) =n(B)/n(S)= 20/50
Lets B be the event that person has a blue eyes.
n(B)= n(B)/n(S)= 25/50=1/2
P (AnB) = n(AnB)/n(S) =10/50
P(AUB)= P(A) + P(B) P(AnB)
P(AUB) = 20/50 + 25/50 -10/50
= 20 + 25 -10/50
P(AUB) = 35/50
Question.13 in a introductory statistics class, the number of males and females are shown as
following:
Sex Frequency
Male 27
Female 33
Two student are selected at random with replacement of class. Find the probability the first
student selected is mae and 2nd is female?
Solution:
n(S) =20
P(AnB)= n(AnB)/n(S)=6/20
P(AUB) = P(A) +P(B) P(AnB)
=1/2 + 13/20 6/20 = 9/20
Question.14 A box contains 15items, 4 of which are defective and 11 are good, two items are
selected. What is the propabaility that the first is defective abd second is good?
Solution:
Good defective total
11 4 15
Agood
Bdefective
P(AnB) =11/15
P( B/A)= 4/14
P(AnB) = P(A) . P(B/A)
= 11/15 * 4/14
= 44/20
